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1

Answer Keys
1 D 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 C 7 C
8 B 9 A 10 C 11 D 12 D 13 A 14 C
15 A 16 C 17 C 18 C 19 A 20 A 21 A
22 B 23 B 24 A 25 D 26 B 27 C 28 B
29 C 30 A 31 B 32 C 33 A 34 C 35 C
36 A 37 B 38 B 39 C 40 A 41 A 42 B
43 D 44 A 45 C 46 B 47 B 48 B 49 C
50 B 51 A 52 B 53 B 54 C 55 D 56 D
57 A 58 B 59 B 60 B 61 B 62 B 63 D
64 D 65 A 66 B 67 C 68 D 69 A 70 B
71 C 72 A 73 B 74 C 75 B 76 C 77 B
78 C 79 B 80 D 81 A 82 A 83 C 84 B
85 D 86 C 87 A 88 D 89 B 90 C 91 A
92 D 93 D 94 B 95 B 96 D 97 C 98 C
99 C 100 D 101 C 102 C 103 A 104 A 105 A
106 C 107 D 108 C 109 B 110 B 111 A 112 A
113 B 114 A 115 D 116 D 117 B 118 C 119 C
120 A
Explanations:-

1. VA=2 x 2 +10 = 14V
2.
2
1
11
1 V 0
V
h 2
I
=
= =
4.
eq eq
R 4 ; C =(1F+1F)||2F=1 =


eq eq
R C =4sec =
6. Given figure is for intrinsic semiconductor. With increase in temperature, equal number of holes and
electrons will be generated. Thus Fermi-level will remain at same place.

8.
( )
17 14
a d
T Built in 2 10
i
N N 10 10
V = V n = 0.0259 n = 0.63V
n 1.510





9.
2 20 4
4 i
e
15
c
h 2.25 10 2.25 10
n 9 10
P 2.5 2.5 10


= = = =

10. ( )
C B CBO
I I 1 I = + +
11.
0 GE
V 10 V 10 0.3 9.7V = = =

13. Generation rate of hole = generation rate of electron

14.
2 19 4 19
n n n
dn dn
I qD ,D 20cm / sec, 10 / cm ,n 1.6 10
dx dx

= = = =



16.
2
V(S) 7
T.F
X(S) S 5S 7
= =
+ +
n
; W 7 =
17. =
n
2 W 5; = =
n
W 5 / 2 2.5
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2

=

n
1
w
1
0.4
2.5
= =

23. Base collector junction forward biased, Base emitter junction reverse biased.

24. ( )
2
D GS T
Use I K V V =

29. ( )
eq 1 2
L L L 2M 2 2 2 0.5 3H = + = + =
31. Applying KCL at node 1

( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 1 2
2 1 2
1 2
V V V
4...................... i
2 5
Applying KCL at node 2
V V V
2....................... ii
2 5
Solving i and ii we have V V 2.222V

+ =

+ =
=

32.
L s
For maximum power transfer Z Z * 20 j70 = =
33.
c L
R
R R
V V 100
Quality Factor = or ; V V 20V;Q 5
V V 20
= = = =
34. TB nodes 1 4 1 3 = = =

35. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
FT
1

t 1,F t jsgn f t
t

= =



36. The demodulated output ( ) ( ) ( )
c c
m t cos t . cos t = +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
c 2 c
c c c
m t sin 2 t 1 cos2 t
m t cos t cos sin t cos t sin m t cos sin
2 2
m t cos
After low pass filtering the term left is
2
+
= =

37. Power of frequency modulated signal or phase modulated signal
2
c
1
A
2
=
38. The power transmitted in FM is equal to its carrier power.
39. ( ) SNR 1.76 6.02 n = +
43. Peak deviation depends on message signal bandwidth which is same in both cases
44.
2
2
0.09
n
2 0.09 2
| |
=
!
+ +
\

45. ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
c c
m t m t
v t m t cos t cos 2 t
2 2
= = + , ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
m t m t
w t , y t
2 2
= =
46. Since it is low side tuning,
LO RF IF
f f f 5 0.4 to 10 0.4 4.6 to 9.6MHz = = =

47. Transmission bandwidth for FDM
1 2 3 4 5 6
f f f f f f = + + + + +

48.
3 4
min
f 100 10 10 90KHz = = ,
3 4
max
f 100 10 10 110KHz = + =
49. ( ) ( )
p
i c
k
f t f m' t
2
= +

, m(t) will be a square wave with minimum and maximum values around 4000

3 3
min max
1 1
Thus f 100 10 4000 98KHz, f 100 10 4000 102KHz
2 2
= = = + =
51.
3
m
3
2 f A 2 10 .1
fs 50 10

= =

4A
5
2 2
2A
1
V
2
V
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3

52. Y A B AB A B

= + =


57. During the charging cycle, capacitor to charge to the peak value of the carrier in as short a time as
possible. Discharge time should be large enough so that capacitor C does not discharge too much
between the positive peaks of the carrier but small enough to be able to follow the maximum rate of
change of m(t).
58.
image L IF
f f 2f 2100 2 455 3010KHz = + = + =
61. ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3T T
4 4
2 2
2
T T
4 4
1 1 T
T
m t 1 dt 1 dt 1. 1
2
T T 2

`

= + = + =
!

\




( )
( )
2 2
2 2
m t 1
modulation efficiency 50%
1 m t 1 1

= = =
+ +

62.
sideband
sideband
carrier sideband
P
Efficiency P 50W
P P
= =
+

63. At t=0- At t = 0+









64. ( )
th
V 0 no independent source =

th th
1-0.5 1V
If V 1V, then I = 1A; R 1
0.5 1A
= = = =
65. ( )
2
2
2
avg rms rms
0
1 1
P I R; I 2 dt 4 2 2
4 4
= = = =

( )
2
avg
P 2 2 4W = =
66.
L C L
R 20
BW ; Under resonance, X X ; X 20; 2 fL=20; 2 L=
2 L 50
= = =

0.5 50
BW 1.25
20

= =
68.
( ) 0.07 j0.08 10 e
s
V V.e 5.e 2.5 45.8
+
= = =
69.
1 1 2
B
2 2 2
1 2
n 1.45
sin sin 55.4
n n 1 1.45



= = =



+ +

,
1 1
t
2 2
1 2
n
sin 34.6
n n

= =

+


70.
SWR 1 4 1
T 0.6
SWR 1 4 1

= = =
+ +
,
L 0
L
L 0
Z Z 1.6
T Z 60 240
Z Z 0.4

= = =
+

71.
dcos 2
Array factor 2cos , d . , 90
2 4 2
+
= = = =

80.
input frequency 16kHz
output frequency= 1.6kHz
MOD 10
= =
81.
2 2
0 0
in
L
z z
For line, z
4 z 0

= = =



+

2
10A 2
20V
10A I 10A =
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4

82.
2
1 0
1 2 1 2
L
z 2500
z z || z , z 25,z
z 100
= = = = = ,
1
in3
2500
Thus z 25|| 25, Thus z 100
25
= = = =
85. The energy stored by the inductor is depends on the instantaneous value of current;
2 2
e
1 1
w L i 2.2 4J
2 2
= = =
86. ( )
( )
2
2
rms
2 2
I 2 8
2
= + =

( )
2
2
avg rms
P I R 8 .2 16 watts = = =
87. This is a bride network (balanced)
( ) ( )
ab
R 2 4 || 2 4 3 = + + =
88.
3I
V 4
4
=

V 3I
V
3
I
=
=

89.
eq
L
R
=
2
2sec
1
= =
92. 0.2 = ,
2 2 2
10
0.2

= = = =


95.
( )
50 E
E Q V V 5V
Q 10
= = = =
97. ( )
2 1
2 1
1
1
n n
3
1
T
2 1 n n
1
3

= = =

+
+

, n

106. The determinant of any sub matrix is 0, except the single sub matrix 1 .

rank=1
107. The given matrix is a diagonal matrix and the eigen values of a diagonal matrix are its
diagonal elements. eigen values are (7, 5, 6)
108. Consider, ( ) ( )
19
2 5 ,3 6 3 19 ,or, 2
3
+ = + = + = x y z i x y z ii x y z
by subtracting (i), (ii) and (ii), (iii)
We get two equations like,
19
2 5, 2
3
+ = + = x y z x y z
The L.H.S of both of the equation are same but the R.H.S. varies
The system has no solution
109.
1 0 1
0 0 1
0 1 0


=



A , Characteristics equation of A
( ) ( )
2 2 3 3 2
1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 1 0, , 1 0, , 1 0
0 1

= = + = + =

x
x x x or x x x or x x x
x

+

V
I
I / 4
4
3I / 4
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5

By Cayley Hamilton theorem,
3 2 3 2
0, , + = = A A A I or A A A I
110. By L-Hospital rule, we have

0 0
( sin )
sin 0
1


= =
x x
x
lt lt x
111.
( ) = +

f x x x
, ( ) ( )
0 0
lim 0, lim 1, 0
+
= =
x x
f x f x f is not continuous at 0 x =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
lim lim
1
0 0
1 0 1
lim lim lim 1
+ +
+ +
+
+
=
=


= = =


x x
x x x
f x f
x
x x
f x f
x
x x x

f is not differentiable at 0 x =
114. A.E. is, ( )
2
2
10 25 0 5 0, 5, 5 + + = + = = D D D D , C.F. is ( )
5
1 2
t
c c t e

+
115. General solution:
( ) y Acosx Bsinx,y(0) 0 A 0,y n 1 1 Bsinn 0, which is contradictory = + = = = = =
117.
( )

5
5 2 2 2 2 2 2
. , = + + = + + = + +

r x y z r xi y j zk r x y z

( )

( )

( )
( )

( )

( )
( )

( ) ( )
5 5 5
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
5 5 5
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
5 5
1 1
2 2 2 2
2 2
5 5 5
.2 .2 .2
2 2 2
5 5 . 5




= + + + + + + + +






= + + + + + + + +



= + + + + = =

i x y z j x y z k x y z
x y z
i x y z x j x y z y k x y z z
x y z xi y j zk r r
3
.

r r

118.
( )
( )
( )
0
. curl . . 0
0 by previous answer

=
= =

=

curl R given
R r Rr curl r R
curl r