The tangential method is the simplest calculation among other directional survey calculations.

The tangential method formulas are listed below;

Tangential Method Calculation formula Read the rest of this entry Posted in Directional Drilling Calculations, Drilling Engineering Calculations | 1 Comment Aug 15 Minimum Curvature Method The Minimum Curvature Method smooths two straight-line segments of the Balanced Tangential Method by using the Ratio Factor (RF).

The formulas for the Minimum Curvature Method are listed below;

must be in radians Read the rest of this entry Posted in Directional Drilling Calculations, Drilling Engineering Calculations | No Comments Aug 10 Balanced Tangential Method Calculation I have some directional calculations that Ive shared with you. However, some of them are not shared yet so I will try to share all directional drilling formulas that may be helpful for you in the future. Today, I would like to show you about Balanced Tangential Method Calculation. This calculation method treats half of the measured distance (MD/2) as being tangent to I1 and Az1 and the remainder of the measured distance (MD/2) as being tangent to I2 and Az2.

Read the rest of this entry Posted in Directional Drilling Calculations, Drilling Engineering Calculations | No Comments Sep 24 What does the negative vertical section mean? Vertical Section is the horizontal distance of wellbore that moves in the direction of the target per each station or in total. For instance, in the figure below, vertical section is the distance from survey to survey point and its measured in the same direction of the vertical section direction.

The two factors that affect vertical section are as follows: 1. The Incremental horizontal displacement ( HD) 2. Vertical section direction (VSD) is the azimuth that is used to reference to the vertical section. Normally, VSD is the azimuth of the last target. The simple mathematics as Average Angle Method calculation demonstrates the relationship of the VS as below: VS = cos (VSD Az avg) X HD VS: Vertical Section VSD: Vertical Section Direction Az avg: Average Azimuth between 2 points (Az1 + Az2) 2 HD: Delta Horizontal Displacement In order to get the Positive Vertical Section or Zero Vertical Section, a well path must have difference of angle between VSD and Az avg, (VSD Az avg), within a range of +90 to -90 degree. On the other hands, the negative Vertical Section can occur because the difference of angle between VSD and A zavg, (VSD Az avg), is out of range of +90 to -90 degree AZI.

Ref book: Second Edition

Formulas and Calculations for Drilling, Production and Workover,

Posted in Directional Drilling Calculations, Drilling Engineering Calculations | No Comments Sep 15 Dogleg Severity Calculation based on Radius of Curvature Method Dogleg severity (DLS) is a normalized estimation, normally described in degrees per 100 feet or degree per 30 meters, of the overall well bore curvature between two consecutive directional surveys. Regarding a planned well path, dogleg severity may be synonymous about build and/or turn. The following formula provides dogleg severity in degrees/100 ft based on the Radius of Curvature Method.

Dogleg severity (DLS) = {cos-1 [(cos I1 x cos I2) + (sin I1 x sin I2) x cos (Az2 - Az1)]} x (100 MD) Where; DLS = dogleg severity in degrees/l00 ft MD = Measured Depth between survey points in ft I1 = Inclination (angle) at upper survey in degrees I2 = Inclination (angle) at lower in degrees Az1= Azimuth direction at upper survey Az2 = Azimuth direction at lower survey Example for dogleg severity based on Radius of Curvature Method Survey 1 Depth = 7500 ft Inclination = 45 degree (I1) Azimuth = 130degree (Az1) Survey 2 Depth = 7595 ft Inclination = 52 degree (I2)

Azimuth = 139 degree (Az2) Dogleg severity (DLS) = {cos-1 [(cos 45 x cos 52) + (sin 45 x sin 52) x cos (139 - 130)]} x (100 95) Dogleg severity (DLS) = 10.22 degree/100 ft Please find the Excel sheet used to calculate dogleg severity based on Radius of Curvature Method.

The tangential method is the simplest calculation among other directional survey calculations.

The tangential method formulas are listed below;

Tangential Method Calculation formula Where; MD = Measured Depth between surveys in ft I1 = Inclination (angle) of upper survey in degrees I2 = Inclination (angle) of lower in degrees Az1= Azimuth direction of upper survey Az2 = Azimuth direction of lower survey The following example is the Tangential Method Calculation. Survey 1 Depth = 3500 ft Inclination = 15 degree (I1) Azimuth = 20 degree (Az1)

Survey 2 Depth = 3600 ft Inclination = 25 degree (I2) Azimuth = 45 degree (Az2) Solution: MD = 3600 3500 = 100 ft

As per the formulas above, you will get answers as listed below; North = 29.88 ft East = 29.88 ft TVD = 90.63 ft

he Minimum Curvature Method smooths two straight-line segments of the Balanced Tangential Method by using the Ratio Factor (RF).

The formulas for the Minimum Curvature Method are listed below;

must be in radians Where; MD = Measured Depth between surveys in ft I1 = Inclination (angle) of upper survey in degrees I2 = Inclination (angle) of lower in degrees Az1= Azimuth direction of upper survey Az2 = Azimuth direction of lower survey RF = Ratio Factor is the dog leg angle. The following example is the Minimum Curvature Method Calculation

Survey 1 Depth = 3500 ft Inclination = 15 degree (I1) Azimuth = 20degree (Az1) Survey 2 Depth = 3600 ft Inclination = 25 degree (I2) Azimuth = 45 degree (Az2) Solution: MD = 3600 3500 = 100 ft

= 0.22605 radian = 12.95 degree

RF= 1.00408 As per the formulas above, you will get answers as listed below;

North = 27.22 ft East = 19.45 ft TVD = 94.01 ft