ABAP201 Abap

ABAP201: Best of ABAP The Ultimate ABAP 6.
40 Feature Show
Contributing Speakers
Andreas Blumenthal
SAP AG
Karsten Bohlmann
SAP AG
Boris Gebhardt
SAP AG
Christoph Stoeck
SAP AG
SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 2
Agenda
Generic Programming
Checkpoints in ABAP
ABAP Debugger
Shared Objects
ABAP Unit
Simple Transformations
Memory Inspector
ABAP Unit
ABAP Unit A Little Story (Version 1)

We visit a mid sized company XYZ based somewhere in the US. They developed their own SAP NetWeaver based flight booking system.
ABAP Developer Mr. Dummy Development request from Controlling: Please sort the flights in our flight booking system by price (ascending) so that all employees will most likely choose the cheapest flight.
ABAP Unit What Should I Know ?

What is ABAP Unit?
ABAP Unit is the ABAP framework for module/unit tests.
What is an Unit?
An unit can be considered as a non-trivial, accessible code portion (method, function or form) where a given input or action causes a verifiable effect. Ideally it is the smallest code part which can be tested in isolation.
How does an ABAP Unit test looks like?

The ABAP Unit tests are realized as methods of a local class (with the addition FOR TESTING). This local class is part of the class, function group or program you want to test.
ABAP UNIT What Should I Know ?

Why is the test class part of the productive code?
ABAP Unit tests and the linked production code are in sync In a productive system the ABAP Unit tests are not part of the productive program load. (-> No performance or security drawbacks)
Which services are provided by ABAP UNIT?

ABAP Unit provides a service class CL_AUNIT_ASSERT, which contains static methods (e.g. ASSERT_EQUALS) to compare e.g. strings or internal tables in order to verify test results.
ABAP Unit A Little Story (Version 2)

This time the flight system is verified by ABAP Unit tests. Lets see how this will influence the fate of Mr. Dummy.
Still Need of Integration and System Testing
Thank you
Test a lot, test well, be on the safe side!
Checkpoints in ABAP
Checkpoints in ABAP
Task: Create utility for reversing strings
Examples:
'ABC' 'OTTO' -> 'CBA' -> 'OTTO' '12345' -> '54321'
Checkpoints in ABAP
Demo
Checkpoints in ABAP
system state
consistent state program flow
normal termination
Checkpoints in ABAP
system state
unexpected behavior
normal termination
Checkpoints in ABAP
system state
system state
unexpected behavior
: assertion runtime error normal termination
normal termination
find cause of error in shorter time
Checkpoints in ABAP
system state
undetected error normal termination
system state
: assertion
find more errors
enhance program correctness
normal termination
runtime error
Checkpoints in ABAP
ASSERT - Statement:
ASSERT ID SUBKEY FIELDS CONDITION group subkey dobj1 dobj2 ... log_exp.
BREAK-POINT - Statement:
BREAK-POINT ID group.
Checkpoints in ABAP
Demo
Checkpoints in ABAP
Activation method
dynamic, while system is running
Activation granularity
Logical checkpoint groups Compose variants from Checkpoint groups, variants, All checkpoints in programs, function groups, classes Extract checkpoint groups from programs, function groups, classes, packages, development components User, server
Assertion mechanism
Abort, debug or protocol
Checkpoints in ABAP
ABAP checkpoints support developers in writing correct code

Activated in SAP development systems ( abort, protocol )
Code instrumented with checkpoints is easier to support and maintain

Can be activated on the fly in productive systems ( activation for dedicated user, server )
No activation, no performance loss !!!
Memory Inspector
Memory Inspector: Motivation

What is the Memory Inspector ? Tool to analyze dynamic memory consumption Why do we need the Memory Inspector ? Increasing usage of dynamic memory objects, like
Internal Tables Class Instances (Objects) Strings Anonymous Data Objects
Increasing number of long-running transactions
T1
T2
T3
T4
T1
Memory Inspector
Demo
Memory Inspector: Features Summary

In ABAP Debugger
TopN-Consumer-Lists
Aggregation of types (class/data) Find References
Memory consumption overview
In Stand-Alone TA
Analyzing memory snapshots Comparing memory snapshots
Growth of memory objects in different views
Available in Release 6.20 ( SP 29, Sept.2003 )
Shared Objects
Data Access without Buffering
Common data
DB computed and/or copied for each user session Common Data User X Session Common Data User Y Session
Data Access with Buffering

EXPORT
Shared Memory
DB
Common Data
Common data
computed once exported (copied) to shared memory imported (copied) into each user session
IMPORT
Common Data User X Session
Common Data User Y Session
Data Access with Shared Objects

Attach for Write Shared Memory
DB
Common Data
Common data
computed once written in place in shared memory accessed without copying by a read attach
Attach for read
User X Session
User Y Session
Areas and Area Instances Shared Objects memory

Part of the shared memory Shared Memory Shared Objects Memory Area I n s t a n c e I n s t a n c e Area I n s t a n c e
Shared Objects areas

Organizational units Defined at design time
Shared Objects area instances

Content stored at runtime Identified by unique name
Working with Area Instances
Attach for write Fill the contents
Instance Root
Attach for write Fill the contents Commit changes
Instance Root
Attach for write Fill the contents Commit changes Attach reader1
Instance Root
Attach for write Fill the contents Commit changes Attach reader1 Attach reader2
Instance Root
Attach for write Fill the contents Commit changes Attach reader1 Attach reader2 Detach reader1
Instance Root
Attach for write Fill the contents Commit changes Attach reader1 Attach reader2 Detach reader1 Detach reader2
Instance Root
Shared Objects
Demo
Additional Features Versioning Auto-Build (e.g. at 1st read attach) Transactionality Propagation of area invalidation across AppServer instances Client dependency Displacement Customizable memory and lifetime restrictions Multi-Attach to different areas at once
Generic Programming
Challenging Development Request

Senior management wants a generic table display tool where they can display joined tables freely. e.g. Flight connection and Carrier IDs or Flights and bookings or
Problem Analysis
Selecting the Data from the database: e.g. Join of SPFLI and SCARR SELECT SPFLI~MANDT SPFLI~CARRID SCARR~CURRCODE SCARR~URL FROM SPFLI join SCARR ON SPFLI~MANDT = SCARR~MANDT AND SPFLI~CARRID = SCARR~CARRID
Problem Analysis
Selecting the Data from the database: e.g. Join of SFLIGHT and SBOOK SELECT SFLIGHT~MANDT SFLIGHT~CARRID SBOOK~BOOKID SBOOK~CUSTOMID FROM SFLIGHT join SBOOK ON SFLIGHT~MANDT = SBOOK~MANDT AND SFLIGHT~CARRID = SBOOK~CARRID AND SFLIGHT-CONNID = SBOOK-CONNID.
Problem Solution Step 1

How shall I cover all these different SELECTS in one program ?
Use Dynamic Open SQL:

SELECT (select_clause_it) FROM (from_clause).
Dr. ABAP

Nice, but where do I get the DB table components from ?
Dr. ABAP
Use RTTS:
struct_type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( dbtable ). components = struct_type->get_components( ).
RTTS Class Hierarchy

CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR CL_ABAP_DATADESCR
CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR CL_ABAP_REFDESCR CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR
CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR
SELECT (select_clause) INTO TABLE ITAB FROM (from_clause).
Perfect, but now we are lost ! For each DB table combination I need a result table ITAB with totally different components!
Create the internal table you need during runtime !
Dr. ABAP
RTTS Class Hierarchy

CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR CL_ABAP_DATADESCR
CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR CL_ABAP_REFDESCR CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
method CREATE
CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR
CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR
method CREATE
method CREATE
Working with Type Objects
Getting type objects

CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
by name (method: describe_by_name) by creation (method: create)
struc
name age
o o
TYPES: BEGIN OF struc, name TYPE string, age TYPE i, END OF struc.
Working with Type Objects
Getting type objects

CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
by name (method: describe_by_name) by creation (method: create)
struc
name age
o o
Working with type objects
TYPES: BEGIN OF struc, name TYPE string, age TYPE i, END OF struc.
CREATE DATA ... TYPE HANDLE ... ASSIGN ... CASTING TYPE HANDLE ...
Dynamic Type Creation
Demo
XML Mapping Tasks in ABAP
XS LT
ABAP Data
in ew n 6.40
XML Doc
.. . . .. .. . . .. . .. ..
LT XS
Network
XSLT
XS LT
DB
L XS T
.. . . .. .. . . ..
HTML / Text
ABAP / XML Mapping Languages

XSLT (since 6.10)
works on canonical XML representation of ABAP data (asXML) builds DOM for source side arbitrarily complex transformations
basis of: XI 2.0
Simple Transformations (since 6.40)

only for ABAP XML only linear transformations (no DOM) speedup over XSLT: 10 30; unlimited size of data reversible (one program for both directions)
basis of: XI 3.0 / Web Services
Both
symmetric: no generation of ABAP code / XML schemas integrated in workbench (maintenance / transport) integrated in ABAP: CALL TRANSFORMATION
Demo
ABAP / XML: When To Use What
System Landscape Integration

Exchange Infrastructure
SOAP-Based Web Services

ABAP Web Services
Direct XML Processing in ABAP

REST-Based Web Services (in: URI, out: XML) e.g.:
http://xml.amazon.com/onca/xml3?locale=us&t=te&dev-t=te&KeywordSearch=ABAP&mode=books&type=lite&f=xml
Custom XML Persistence XML-Based Repositories (e.g. SAP WebDynpro)

Simple mappings, high throughput
Complex mappings, limited throughput
XSLT
ABAP Debugger
ABAP Debugger - Our Little Story Continues

Manager Some years after the dismissal of Mr. Dummy we visit again our company XYZ. Mr. Smith, the successor of Mr. Dummy, was promoted and is now manager of all ABAP developers. He wants to book a flight for a business trip. He uses the new version of their internal flight booking system, which was developed by his premium developer.
Premium Developer
New ABAP Debugger Outlook
Please note that this document is subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time without notice. The document is not intended to be binding upon SAP to any particular course of business, product strategy and/or development.
Further Information
Public Web:
www.sap.com SAP Developer Network: www.sdn.sap.com Search for ABAP Knowledge Center SAP Customer Services Network: www.sap.com/services/
Related SAP Education Training Opportunities

http://www.sap.com/education/
Related Workshops/Lectures at SAP TechEd 2004

ABAP UNIT, Checkpoints ABAP254, New Dynamik Test Tools for ABAP Developers , 4h Hands-on New ABAP Debugger, Memory Inspector ABAP255, New ABAP Debugger and Memory Inspector, 2h Hands-on
Further Information
Related Workshops/Lectures at SAP TechEd 2004
Shared Objects ABAP251, ABAP Shared Objects, Shared Memory Programming Made Easy, 4h Hands on Simple Transformations ABAP252, ABAP - XML Mapping, 4h Hands-on Generic Programming ABAP351, Advanced & Generic Programming in ABAP, 4h Hands-on ABAP Troubleshooting ABAP253, ABAP Troubleshooting, 4h Hands on
SAP Developer Network

Look for SAP TechEd 04 presentations and videos on the SAP Developer Network. Coming in December. http://www.sdn.sap.com/
Questions?
Q&A
Feedback
Please complete your session evaluation. Be courteous deposit your trash, and do not take the handouts for the following session.
Thank You !
Copyright 2004 SAP AG. All Rights Reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft, Windows, Outlook, and PowerPoint are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM, DB2, DB2 Universal Database, OS/2, Parallel Sysplex, MVS/ESA, AIX, S/390, AS/400, OS/390, OS/400, iSeries, pSeries, xSeries, zSeries, z/OS, AFP, Intelligent Miner, WebSphere, Netfinity, Tivoli, and Informix are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. UNIX, X/Open, OSF/1, and Motif are registered trademarks of the Open Group. Citrix, ICA, Program Neighborhood, MetaFrame, WinFrame, VideoFrame, and MultiWin are trademarks or registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. HTML, XML, XHTML and W3C are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape. MaxDB is a trademark of MySQL AB, Sweden. SAP, R/3, mySAP, mySAP.com, xApps, xApp, SAP NetWeaver and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National product specifications may vary. These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

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ABAP201: Best of ABAP The Ultimate ABAP 6.

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 2

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 3

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 4

ABAP Unit A Little Story (Version 1)

ABAP Unit What Should I Know ?

How does an ABAP Unit test looks like?

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 6

ABAP UNIT What Should I Know ?

Which services are provided by ABAP UNIT?

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 7

ABAP Unit A Little Story (Version 2)

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 8

Still Need of Integration and System Testing

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 9

Test a lot, test well, be on the safe side!

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 10

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 11

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 12

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 13

consistent state program flow

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 14

consistent state program flow

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 15

: assertion runtime error normal termination

consistent state program flow

consistent state program flow

find cause of error in shorter time

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 16

undetected error normal termination

consistent state program flow

consistent state program flow

find more errors

enhance program correctness

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 17

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 18

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 19

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 20

ABAP checkpoints support developers in writing correct code

Code instrumented with checkpoints is easier to support and maintain

No activation, no performance loss !!!

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 21

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 22

Memory Inspector: Motivation

Increasing number of long-running transactions

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 23

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 24

Memory Inspector: Features Summary

Memory consumption overview

Available in Release 6.20 ( SP 29, Sept.2003 )

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 25

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 26

Data Access without Buffering

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 27

Data Access with Buffering

Common Data User X Session

Common Data User Y Session

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 28

Data Access with Shared Objects

Attach for read

SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 29

Areas and Area Instances Shared Objects memory