CHEMOLOGY EDUCATION SERVICES

Name:______________________

2011 PHYSICS UNIT 3 TRIAL EXAM

Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET
Structure of booklet
Area of study

1. Motion in one and two dimensions 2. Electronics and Photonics 3.1 Einsteins Special Relativity 3.2 Materials and their use in structures 3.3 Further Electronics Directions to students

Number of questions 19 15 10 9 9

Marks available 45 35 20 20 20

Suggested time (minutes) 40 30 20 20 20

This booklet is 24 pages long. You should answer all questions in Areas of Study 1 and 2. You should answer all questions in your selected Detailed Study in Area of Study 3. (Note: You should choose only ONE Detailed Study and answer only questions from that Study) You may use an A4 page of notes annotated on both sides. There is a total of 100 marks available. It is suggested that you spend about 1 minute per mark.

CHEMOLOGY EDUCATION SERVICES P O BOX 477 MENTONE 3194 Mobile: 0412 405 403 or 0425 749 520 E: chemology@optusnet.com.au
Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

SECTION A CORE AREA OF STUDY 1 Motion in One and Two Dimensions Specific instructions for Area 1 There are 19 questions in Area 1. A total of 45 marks is available for Area 1. Take g = 10 m/s2 wherever necessary in this context. You may ignore air resistance and friction unless otherwise specified. Armindo and Emilio are both driving their funky cars at a vintage car rally and are waving at the crowds who have come to admire their vehicles. Distracted by his adoring fans, Emilio drives straight into Armindo at a speed of 6m/s, from a direction that is at right angles to his motion. Following the collision, the two cars stick together and travel on as shown in Figure 1 below. Each car has a mass of 1200kg and Armindo has a mass of 74kg.

Path after collision

Armindo Emilio Figure 1 Question 1 If Emilios mass is 82kg, calculate the total momentum of the system. kgm/s 2 marks Question 2 At what speed was Armindo travelling prior to the collision?

25o

m/s

2 marks

Question 3 At what speed do the cars travel on together after their collision?

m/s
2 marks Area 1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 4 Was the collision elastic or inelastic? Show calculations to justify your answer. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4 marks

Emilio disengages his car from Armindos vehicle and drives it away around a curve that is approximately circular with a radius of 153m. The curve is banked at 200. Figure 2 shows the REAR of Emilios car as it takes this curve. He is driving fast enough that there is friction between his tyres and the road, acting sideways down the slope.

Figure 2 Question 5 On the copy of Figure 2 below, draw arrows to represent the following forces: weight (mg), normal reaction force (N) and Friction (Fr).

3 marks

Emilio now slows down until he is travelling at the precise speed where sideways friction is no longer needed to help the car turn the corner. Area 1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 6 Which of the following best represents the relationship between N and mg? A. B. C. D. E. N = mg N = mgsin20 N = mgcos20 mg = Nsin20 mg = Ncos20 2 marks Question 7 What is the magnitude of the net force on Emilios car towards the centre of the curve now?

3 marks

Question 8 At what speed would Emilio be travelling to reduce the sideways friction to zero?

m/s

2 marks

Catherine has cooked up some of her famous salted caramel fudge and throws a piece to her friend Emma, who is sitting on the floor at a horizontal distance of 4m from the point at which Catherine releases the fudge, as shown in Figure 3 below. The fudge is a vertical distance of 1.6m from the ground when Catherine throws it and has a mass of 50g. It lands at Emmas feet.

Figure 3 Area 1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 9 What is the total time for which the piece of fudge was in the air?

s
2 marks Question 10 Calculate the initial horizontal velocity with which Catherine threw the fudge.

m/s
2 marks Question 11 Calculate the speed at which the fudge lands at Emmas feet.

m/s
2 marks Question 12 Explain what happens to the kinetic energy and momentum of the fudge as it lands and comes to rest at Emmas feet. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

Scotty is a champion pole vaulter who is about to attempt to vault a bar 7.3m high. He achieves the height for his vault by converting stored elastic potential energy in the pole into gravitational potential energy. Scottys mass is 85kg, and 90% of his potential energy needs to be supplied from the elastic potential energy in the pole. Question 13 How much elastic potential energy needs to be stored in the pole?

J
2 marks Area 1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

After his vault, Scotty falls onto the mats behind the pole. As he hits the mats, he is travelling vertically at 13m/s. The compression-force graph for the mats is shown in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4 Question 14 What is the maximum compression Scotty causes in the mats?

m
3 marks Sean and Danielle are intrepid astronauts who are travelling the Universe in search of a black hole. They are currently flying their spacecraft Longun past the mysterious planet of Anika, as shown in Figure 5 below.

Figure 5 Area 1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

The following data applies to the questions below: Universal gravitational constant = 6.7 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2 mass of Anika = 5.5 x 1022kg radius of Anika = 4.9 10 4 m total mass of Longun and her crew = 7.6 x 107 kg. At a point which is 4 x 109 m from the planets centre, Danielle turns off Longuns engines and travels solely under the influence of Anikas gravity. Figure 6 below shows how the force on Longun varies with its distance from the centre of the planet.
7 6
Force on Longun (104N)

5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance of Longun from centre of planet (10 9 m) 8 9 10

Figure 6 Question 15 What is the gain in potential energy of Longun in the first 2 x 109m of its motion away from Anika without engine power?

2 marks

Sean finds that she when they arrives at this point 2 x 109m further on, their kinetic energy is zero. Question 16 What was Longuns speed at the moment of turning off its engines?

m/s
3 marks Area 1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Danielle places Longun into orbit at a height of 3600km above the surface of Anika.

Question 17 What is the gravitational field strength at this orbit?

N/kg
3 marks Question 18 At what speed does Longun orbit Anika?

m/s

2 marks

Question 19 Calculate the period of Longuns orbit.

2 marks

Area 1 - continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

AREA 2 Electronics and Photonics Specific Instructions for Area 2 Area 2 consists of 15 questions. Answer all the questions in the answer booklet. A total of 35 marks is available for Area 2. Specific information for Area 2: Plancks constant = 6.63 x 10-34 Js Speed of light = 3x108m/s Charge on an electron = 1.6 x 10-19 C Sophie is experimenting with a toaster, using a switch, S, to vary the power dissipated in the toaster by selecting one of three resistors, as shown in Figure 1. Power is supplied via a battery of voltage 15V RMS. The toaster has a resistance, RT, of 15, and the values of R1, R2 and R3

are 100 , 50 and 15 respectively.

Figure 1 Question 1 What is the RMS voltage across the toaster if the switch is connected to R1?

2 marks Area 2 - continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 2 If the switch is connected to R2, what is the value of the ratio of the RMS current through R2 to the RMS current through RT?

A
Question 3 If the switch is connected to R3, how much electrical power is dissipated in the toaster?

2 marks

W
2 marks Emma, Ben and Gary are very concerned about the environment and global warming and are investigating alternative energy sources. They obtain a solar cell, a diode-like device that converts light energy into electrical energy, with the amount of electrical energy produced depending on the intensity of the sunlight incident on the cell. They plot an I-V graph for the solar cell, with the results shown in Figure 2 below. The cell produces a maximum voltage on open circuit that is, when the load is effectively an infinite resistance

Figure 2

Area 2 - continued
Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 4 How much electrical power does the cell deliver on open circuit?

W
Question 5 What is the maximum current this solar cell can deliver?

2 marks

A
2 marks When a certain resistor, R, is used as a load, the current flowing through it is measured as 1.0mA Question 6 With resistor R in use, what is the voltage across the terminals of the solar cell?

V
Question 7 What power is dissipated in resistor R under the above conditions?

2 marks

W
2 marks Question 8 Calculate the value of resistor R.

2 marks Question 9 Why will the power output of the cell never be as large as the product of the maximum voltage and maximum current?

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3 marks Area 2 continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Ben is fascinated by amplifiers and decides to investigate one more closely, sketching a graph of input and output characteristics for the amplifier. The results are shown in Figure 3 below.

Input to amplifier
0.6 0.4 0.2
voltage (V)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-0.2 -0.4 -0.6

time (arbitrary units)

Output from amplifier

10 8 6 4

voltage (V)

2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 time (arbitrary units) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Figure 3 Area 2 continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 10 What is the gain of the amplifier?

2 marks Question 11 On the axes provided, sketch the output voltage of the amplifier as a function of the input voltage.
Amplifier cha racteristics

20

15

Output Voltage (V)

10

0 -1.5 -1 -0.5 -5 0 0.5 1 1.5

-10

-15

-20 Input Voltage (V)

3 marks Question 12 Define the term clipping as it applies to an amplifier. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

Area 2 continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

In an npn transistor circuit, the collector current is 18mA and 93% of the electrons emitted reach the collector. Question 13 What is the base current?

A
3 marks Question 14 Define the term de-coupling capacitor ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3 marks
Question 15 Briefly describe the operation of a phototransistor. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3 marks

Area 2 - continued
Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

SECTION B DETAILED STUDIES AREA 3.1 Einsteins Special Relativity

Specific Instructions for Area 3.1 Area 3.1 consists of 10 questions. There are 20 marks available for Area 3.1. Specific information for Area 3.1: c = 3 x 108m/s

Philip and Dennis are accomplished astronauts on a 5-year mission to boldly go where no one has gone before. Even astronauts need relaxation time, and Philip and Dennis are currently laying back in their reclining chairs and watching Masterchef on their in-cabin colour television. An electron in the television tube has a rest mass of 9.1 x 10-31kg. Philips mass is 76kg. Question 1 What is the energy equivalent to the mass of an electron at rest? A. B. C. D. 8.2 x 10-14 J 6.7 x 10-14 J 3.2 x 10-14 J 4.9 x 10-14 J

2 marks

The electron moves so quickly in the television tube that its mass energy is 19% greater than its mass energy at rest. Question 2 What is the kinetic energy of the electron? A. B. C. D. 3.2 x 10-14 J 4.1 x 10-14 J 1.6 x 10-14 J 2.2 x 10-14 J

2 marks

Question 3 What is the speed of the electron in the television tube? A. B. C. D. 3.46 x 108 m/s 1.64 x 108 m/s 2.63 x 108 m/s 3.33 x 108 m/s

2 marks Area 3.1 - continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 4 How much work must be done to increase the electrons speed from rest to 0.6c? A. B. C. D. 1.4 x 10-14J 2.2 x 10-14J 4.5 x 10-14J 1.8 x 10-14J

2 marks

Philip and Dennis have left their puppy Bosley behind on Earth as they zoom through the universe completing their mission. Occasionally, their spaceship passes close to the Earth and faithful little Bosley always sits outside to watch them fly past. On a particular fly-over, they zoom past Earth at a speed of 0.4c, while Bosley watches rapturously down on Earth. Question 5 What is Philips mass on the spaceship? A. B. C. D. 77kg 83kg 96kg 42kg

2 marks

Question 6 If Philip and Dennis spent the whole of their 5-year mission travelling at 0.4c, how much time would have elapsed on Earth when they returned? A. B. C. D. 5.5 years 2.6 years 7.4 years 5 years

2 marks

Question 7 Which of the following best describes a major difference between the Newtonian model and Einsteins postulates? A. The Newtonian model assumes that the speed of light is the absolute maximum speed possible, wheras Einstein suggests that it is not. B. The Newtonian model assumes that the time interval between events is independent of the motion of the observer, wheras Einstein does not. C. The Einsteinian model assumes that the length of a body is independent of the motion of the observer, wheras the Newtonian model does not. D. The Einsteinian model assumes that the mass of a body is independent of the motion of the observer, wheras the Newtonian model does not. 2 marks Area 3.1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Caz and Ali are housemates who live on a planet far, far away, on which the speed on light is 100km/hr in all reference frames. Question 8 Which of the following best describes how flat sheet of paper , which appears square when at rest, will appear to Caz if it moves directly towards her (face on) at 20km/hr? A. B. C. D. exactly the same as when it is at rest square but smaller than when it was at rest rectangular and the same size as it was when at rest rectangular and smaller than it was when at rest

2 marks

Question 9 Which of the following best describes how Ali appears to Caz as she whizzes past her on a bike? A. B. C. D. exactly the same as when at rest thinner than when at rest fatter than when at rest taller than when at rest

2 marks

Caz heads off to work in the morning, driving at 80km/hr, and returns home in the evening at the same speed. Question 10 Upon her return home, Caz and Ali notice that: A. B. C. D. neither Caz nor Ali have aged. Caz is younger than she was when she departed. Caz has aged more than Ali. Ali has aged more than Caz.

2 marks

Area 3.1 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

AREA 3.2 Materials and their use in Structures Specific instructions for Area 3.2 There are 9 questions in Area 3.2 There are 20 marks available for Area 3.2 Specific data for Area 3.2:

Youngs modulus for steel Stress at the elastic limit for steel Tensile strength of steel
Take g=10N/kg where required

= 2.0 x 1011 N/m2 = 8.0 x 108 N/m2 = 1.2 x 109 N/m2

Bella is poised on the end of a diving board, ready to perform her world-famous signature dive, The Comet. The diving board on which she stands is supported by a bracket at points P and Q, as shown in Figure 1. Bellas mass acts through point S at the end of the diving board. Bellas mass is 62kg and the mass of the diving board is 55kg.

Figure 1 Question 1 Which of the following is true of the forces on the diving board? A. B. C. D. The board is under compression. The board is under tension The top of the board is under tension and the bottom is under compression The bottom of the board is under tension and the top is under compression 2 marks Question 2 What is the magnitude of the force acting on the board at point P? A. B. C. D. 1.0 x 104N 3.6 x 103N 1.0 x 10-4N 3.6 x 10-3N 2 marks Area 3.2 - continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Bella sees that someone is already in the water below her, so decides to delay her dive and walks back along the board from S to R. Question 3 Which of the following best describes the forces acting on the board at points P and Q as Bella walks back along it? A. B. C. D. The force at P will increase while the force at Q decreases. The force at Q will increase while the force at P decreases. The force at both P and Q will increase. The force at both P and Q will decrease. 2 marks Dynae is a brilliant makeup artist who, needing close access to her makeup supplies as she works on her clients, has attached a shelf to her wall, within easy reach. The shelf is supported by two identical steel cables, of cross-sectional area 2.0 x 10-5m, each of which supports a half of the total weight of the shelf, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Question 4 What is the smallest force that must be applied to one of the cables to exceed the elastic limit of steel? A. B. C. D. 4.6 x 105 N 1.6 x 104 N 8.0 x 108 N 3.2 x 104 N 2 marks Area 3.2 continued Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

The tension in each cable when it is supporting the shelf is 110N. Question 5 If the unstretched length of each cable is 50cm, by how much does each cable stretch in supporting one half of the weight of the shelf? A. B. C. D. 3.2 x 10-5 m 4.8 x 10-5 m 3.5 x 10-5 m 1.4 x 10-5 m

3 marks

Question 6 What is the mass of the shelf? A. B. C. D. 24.3kg 15.6kg 43.7kg 42.2kg

2 marks

The tensile stress-strain characteristics of a particular material are shown in Figure 3 below. The material has a Youngs modulus of 3.2 x 1011.

Figure 3 Question 7 If the strain at Point A is 0.4%, the stress in the material at Point A is: A. B. C. D. 1.7 x 109 Pa 1.3 x 109 Pa 3.1 x 109 Pa 3.7 x 109 Pa

2 marks Area 3.2 - continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 8 What is the energy stored per unit volume in the material at Point A? A. B. C. D. 2.6 x 106 J/m3 3.2 x 108 J/m3 3.3 x 1011 J/m3 1.7 x 107 J/m3

3 marks

Question 9 Which of the following materials is most likely represented by the characteristics in Figure 3? A. B. C. D. steel glass concrete marble

2 marks

Area 3.2 - continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

AREA 3.3 Further Electronics Specific Instructions for Area 3.3 Area 3.3 consists of 9 questions. A total of 20 marks is available for area 3.3. Stuart loves musicals and has a miniature model of the set from The Phantom of the Opera, which runs on mains electricity and has moving parts including a huge chandelier that lights up at the appropriate time. Unfortunately, the model runs off a voltage of 220V RMS and has a power rating of 80W. Stuart, determined to get the model to work, connects the circuit in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1 Question 1 What is the RMS current of the model at its stated rating? A. B. C. D. 0.54A 0.63A 0.38A 0.36A

2 marks

Question 2 Why might the circuit shown enable the model to function? A. B. C. D. The resistor will reduce the power rating of the model. The resistor will reduce the potential difference across the model. The resistor will increase the power rating of the model. The resistor will increase the potential difference across the model.

2 marks

Area 3.3 continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 3 What value of resistor, R, must be used to ensure that the voltage across the doll is 220V? A. B. C. D. 56 64 124 256

2 marks

Question 4 Why would Stuart have been better to use a transformer to reduce the voltage across the model? A. B. C. D. The resistor would be more expensive. The transformer would be more readily available. The transformer would be more energy efficient. The resistor would lead to a short circuit.

2 marks

Question 5 In order to step the voltage across the doll down from 240V to 220V, how many turns must be in the secondary winding of the transformer if it has 120 turns in the primary winding? (You may consider it an ideal transformer) A. B. C. D. 120 110 220 210

2 marks

Question 6 What is the peak current in the secondary coil of the transformer? A. B. C. D. 0.74A 0.55A 0.83A 0.26A

3 marks

Sam is a journalist who films interviews with celebrity guests. Her current guest is so famous, and the interview so top-secret, that he insists she be the only one in the room for their live interview. Sam is stumped for a minute and then comes up with a clever plan to use the timing circuit in Figure 2, which will allow a short time delay after she presses Record on the camera, to give her time to get to her seat with dignity and begin interviewing her guest. When Sam presses Record, switch S closes and the capacitor begins to charge. Vout must be 20V for the recording to begin. Area 3.3 - continued

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Figure 2
Question 7 If the time delay is 30 seconds, what is the value of capacitor C? A. B. C. D. 4000F 3000F 4500F 3500F

3 marks

Question 8 After the switch S is closed, which of the following best describes the variation in the voltage across the capacitor with time? A B C D The voltage decreases to a minimum value close to zero The voltage remains at a constant value The voltage variation follows a sinusoidal pattern The voltage increases until it reaches a certain constant value

2 marks

Sam finds that 30 seconds is not long enough for her to return to her seat and settle down in order to give the cleanest possible start to the live interview. Question 9 Which of the following changes could be made in order to increase the length of the time delay? A. B. C. D. Increase the value of the resistor Decrease the value of the capacitor Decrease the value of the resistor Change the positions of the capacitor and resistor in relation to the battery 2 marks

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

CHEMOLOGY EDUCATION SERVICES Name:______________________ PHYSICS Unit 4 MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET

Colour the box after the letter corresponding to your answer.

3.1 Einsteins Special Relativity

3.2 Materials and their use in structures

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

A A A A A A A A A

B B B B B B B B B B

C C C C C C C C C C

D D D D D D D D D D

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

A A A A A A A A A

B B B B B B B B B

C C C C C C C C C

D D D D D D D D D

10. A

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

CHEMOLOGY EDUCATION SERVICES Name:______________________ PHYSICS Unit 4 MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET

Colour the box after the letter corresponding to your answer.

3.3 Further Electronics

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

A A A A A A A A A

B B B B B B B B B

C C C C C C C C C

D D D D D D D D D

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

CHEMOLOGY EDUCATION SERVICES P O BOX 477 MENTONE 3194

Mobile: 0412 405 403 or 0425 749 520

chemology@optusnet.com.au SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO 2011 PHYSICS UNIT 3 TRIAL EXAM AREA OF STUDY 1 Motion in one and two dimensions.
Question 1 We know that the momentum of Emilio and his car was: p(Emilio)= mv = 1282 x 6 = 7692 kgm/s Thus, we have a vector diagram as below (repositioning original vectors):

Path after collision

25
Armindo

Emilio
v=6m/s, p=7692kgm/s ANS

Using trig, the resultant momentum is given by: p(total)=7692/sin25=18200kgm/s 1.8x104 kgm/s Question 2

p(total) = 18200 kgm/s (from above) = p(Emilio)+p(Armindo) Thus, 18200 = 7692 + p(Armindo) So, p(Armindo) = 10508 kgm/s = mv = 1274v Thus, v(Armindo) = 10508/1274= 8.3m/s ANS Question 3 p(total) = 18200 kgm/s = mv (after collision) Thus, 18200 = (1282+1274)v So, v = 7.1m/s ANS Question 4 An elastic collision is one in which kinetic energy is conserved. Total KE(before) = mv2 = (1274)(8.3) 2 + (1282)(6) 2 = 66960 Total KE(after) = mv2 = (1274+1282)(7.1) 2 = 64424 KE has been lost, and thus the collision is inelastic.

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 5

Question 6 Resolving N vertically and horizontally, we find that the vertical component of N (Ncos20) will be equal to mg.

Thus, mg = Ncos20 Question 7

E ANS

The vertical part of N (Ncos20) equals mg and thus the only unbalanced (net) force on the car is the horizontal component of N, Nsin20. mg = Ncos20

Thus, 1282 = Ncos 20 So, N = 1364 Thus, the net force = Nsin20 = 1364(sin20) = 467N ANS
Question 8 To reduce sideways friction to zero, Nsin15 = Fnet = = mv2/r Thus, 467 = (1282) v2/153 So, v = 7.5m/s ANS Question 9 Considering vertical motion: d=1.6 a=10 u=0 t=? d = ut + at2 Thus, 1.6 = 0 + (10)t2 t = 0.57 secs ANS Question 10 Considering horizontal motion (constant speed, no accel): d=4 t=0.57 v = d/t = u/t = 4/0.57 u = 7m/s ANS (Catherine can really throw that fudge!)

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 11 Using energy equations: Initial total energy = PE + KE = mgh + 1/2 mv2 = 0.05(10)(1.6) + 1/2 (0.05) x (7)2 = 2.025J Thus, final energy (as fudge lands) = 2.025J As the fudge hits the ground, PE = 0 and thus total energy is all KE Thus, KE = 2.025 = 1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (0.05)v2 So, v = 9m/s ANS Question 12 Momentum is always conserved, so the momentum of the fudge is transferred via the floor to Earth. The kinetic energy of the fudge is transformed into other forms of energy, for example elastic potential energy as the fudge deforms (squashes down) and then back to kinetic energy as it bounces back up. Small amounts of energy are also lost as sound and heat as the collision of the fudge with the floor takes place until the fudge comes to rest. Question 13 90% of his potential energy = 90% of mgh = 90/100 (85)(10)(7.3) = 5585J ANS Question 14 Slope of F-d graph gives k (F=kx), Thus k = 4000/3 Total energy on landing is kinetic = 1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (85)(13)2 = 7182.5 Maximum compression is when all KE is converted to PE (compression of mats), Thus 1/2 mv2 = 1/2 kx2 = 7182.5 = (4000/3)x2 So, max compression is 3.3m ANS Question 15 Longun has travelled from a distance of 4x109m from Anika to 6x109m. Change in E = work done = area under F-d graph = (2x10 9) x (3x104) + (2x109) x (1x104) = 7 x 1013 J Question 16 Gain in PE = loss in KE Thus, want KEinital = 7 x 1013 J (want KEfinal = 0) KE = mv2 7 x 1013 = (7.6x107) v2 v = 1.4 x 103 m/s ANS Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

ANS

Question 17 Gravitational field strength, g = F/m = GM/R2 = (6.7x10-11) (5.5x1022)/(4.9x104+3.6x106) 2 = 1.9 N/kg ANS Question 18 Circular motion, so: Use a = v2 / R Thus, 1.9 = v2 /(4.9x104+3.6x106) So, v = 2630 m/s ANS Question 19 GMm/R2 = mv2/R = m42R/T2. Thus, T2 = 42R3/GM So, T2 = 42 (4.9x 104+3.6x106)3/(6.7x10-11) (5.5x1022) T = 2.3 x 104 seconds ANS

AREA OF STUDY 2 Electronics and Photonics Question 1 Vout = (R1/(R1+R2))Vsupply Thus, VT = (15/15+100) x 15 = 2V ANS Question 2 The resistors are in series, and thus the current through them is the same. Thus, ratio of current through R2 to current through toaster = 1 ANS Question 3 Since the resistors have the same value, the power is shared equally. Total power is given by P = V2/R = (15) 2/30 = 7.5W Thus, power dissipated in toaster is 3.75W ANS Question 4 On open circuit, load is effectively infinite, and so current will be 0. Thus, power: P = VI = V x 0 = 0W ANS Question 5 The maximum current is produced when the load resistance is zero. Thus, we can read the value of maximum current from the graph when V=0. Imax = 1.7mA ANS Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 6 The value can be read from the graph at the point where I=1.0mA. Thus, V = 4.8V ANS Question 7 P= VI = (4.8)(1.0 x 10-3) = 4.8 x 10-3 W = 4.8mW ANS Question 8 V = IR Thus, 4.8 = (1.0 x 10-3) R So, R = 4.8k ANS Question 9 When the voltage is at a maximum, the current is zero (and thus, P = VI = 0). When the current is at a maximum, the voltage is zero (and again, P = 0). Non-zero values for P only occur when I and V are both less than their maximum values. Question 10 Using values read from the graphs: Gain = Vout / Vin 7.5/0.5 = 15 ANS Question 11 The amplifier is a non-inverting type, with a gain of 15. Thus, the graph will be linear, with a gradient of +15.

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 12 Clipping is a form of amplifier distortion. When the input voltage goes beyond a limiting value and puts the amplifier into either cut-off or saturation mode (ie: beyond the linear region of the graph), the output voltage will be clipped. This results in the peak voltages of the output waveform being clipped off. In an audio amplifier, this would result in distortion of the sound output. Question 13 First, find the emitter current. Ic = 0.93I = 18mA Thus, I = 19.35mA So, Ib = I Ic = 19.35-18 = 1.35mA ANS Question 14 A decoupling capacitor (also known as a coupling capacitor) is one which is used to remove any constant (DC) component from a time-varying (ac) signal. This capacitor couples (passes) the ac voltage component of a signal from one point to another in a circuit but blocks any constant DC component in the same signal. The blocked component appears across the charged capacitor plates. It effectively decouples, or separates, the DC from the ac portion of the signal. This is useful when it is required to amplify a small ac signal that is superimposed on a large DC voltage. Question 15 A phototransistor is a transistor that has a photosensitive collector-base pn junction. Unlike a normal transistor, it only needs two terminals the collector and the emitter. When light is incident on the device, the current produced by the photoelectric effect generates the base current of the phototransistor. Thus, an increase in incident light intensity will produce an increase in collector current. AREA OF STUDY 3.1 Einsteins Special Relativity Question 1 E = mc2 Question 2 The 19% extra energy is the KE. Thus, 19% of 8.2 x 10-14 = 1.6 x 10-14 J Thus, C ANS Question 3 Using the equation m = m/(1-v2/c2) 119/100 x (9.1 x 10-31) = 9.1 x 10-31/(1-v2/(3 x 108) 2 Thus (1/1.19) = (1-v2/(3 x 108) 2 , So v = 1.64 x 108 m/s Thus, B ANS Thus, E = (9.1 x 10-31)(3 x 108) 2 = 8.2 x 10-14 J Thus, A ANS

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 4 We know energy of an electron at rest = 8.2 x 10-14J (from above) New energy at 0.6c is gained from E=mc2 Enew = m(at this speed) c2 = (9.1 x 10-31/(1-(0.6c)2/c 2)) c 2 = 1.0 x 10-13 Thus, work = change in energy = (1.0 x 10-13) (8.2 x 10-14) = 1.8 x 10-14J Thus, D ANS Question 5 m = m/(1-v2/c2) = 76/(1- (0.4c)2/c2) = 76/0.84 = 83kg Thus, B ANS Question 6 t = t/(1-v2/c2) = 5yrs/(1- (04c)2/c2) = 5yrs/0.84 = 5.5 years Thus, A ANS (lucky for poor Bosley that they werent travelling faster!) Question 7 Classical (Newtonian) mechanics assumes that the time interval between events and length of a body are independent of the motion of the observer and that the speed of light is relative. Einstein states that space and time are relative and do depend on the motion of the observer, and that the speed of light is absolute. Thus, B ANS Question 8 If it moves directly towards Caz, no length contraction occurs and the sheet of paper looks exactly the same as when at rest. Thus, A ANS Question 9 There will be length contraction and so Ali will look thinner than when at rest. Thus, B ANS Question 10 Time dilation will have occurred, and time will have passed more slowly in Cazs frame of reference. Thus, Ali will have aged more than Caz. D ANS AREA OF STUDY 3.2 Materials and their use in Structures Question 1 The board will bend down under Bellas weight. Thus, the top is under tension and the bottom under compression. So, C ANS Question 2 Taking moments about Q: Fp x 0.2 = (550x1.05) + (620x2.3) Thus, Fp = 10018N = 1.0 x 104N

Thus, A ANS

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 3 As Bella walks back along the board, her distance from P, Q and R decreases and thus, using similar calculations to the ones above, Fp will decrease. Hence, since Fp+620+550 = Fq, Fq will also decrease. Thus, D ANS Question 4 Stress at elastic limit for steel = 8.0 x 108 and stress = F/A Thus, 8.0 x 108 = F / (2.0 x 10-5 ) So F= 1.6 x 104 N = 16kN Thus, B ANS Question 5 Youngs modulus, E = stress / strain E = (F/A) / (L/L) E = (F x L) / (A x L) L = (F x L ) / ( A x E ) Substituting values: L = (110)(0.5) / (2.0 x 10-5) (2.0 x 1011) Thus, L = 1.4 x 10-5 m ANS Thus, D ANS Question 6 From the force diagram below:

Thus, So And

T cos 45 = mg 110 x 2 x cos45 = 10m m = 15.6 kg Thus, B ANS

Question 7 E = stress/strain Thus, 3.2 x 1011 = stress/0.004 So, stress = 1.3 x 109 Pa Thus, B ANS

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 8
Energy per unit volume = area under the graph = x stress x strain (area of a triangle) = x E x (strain)2 (since E = stress/strain) Thus, A ANS = (3.2 x 1011) (0.004) 2 = 2.6 x 106 J/m3

Question 9 All of the options except for steel are brittle (ie: have very little plastic region in their graphs). Thus, A ANS

AREA OF STUDY 3.3 Further Electronics Question 1 At the stated rating, P = 80W and V = 220V Thus, PRMS = VRMS IRMS 80 = 220 x IRMS IRMS = 0.36A Thus, D ANS Question 2 The voltage must be reduced from the mains 240V in Australia to 220V for the model. Thus, Stuart is hoping that the resistor will reduce the potential difference across the model. So, B ANS Question 3 Want 220V across the model, so need 20V across the resistor (in series). The model needs 0.36A to function (calculated in Q1), and since this is a series circuit the current is constant throughout the circuit. Thus, current through the resistor is also 0.27A. So, using V = IR across the resistor, Vres = IRres 20 = 0.36 Rres Rres = 56 Thus, A ANS Question 4 The resistor will dissipate the remaining energy as heat, and thus energy will be lost. An ideal transformer would have exactly the same power at its primary and secondary, and all the available energy will be used by the model. Thus, there would be no energy wastage. So, C ANS

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011

Question 5 N1 = 120 turns N2 = ? V1 = 240V V2 = 220V N1/N2 = V1/V2 Thus, 120/N2 = 240/220 N2 = 110 turns So, B ANS Question 6 At any time, Vpeak = 2 Vrms = 2 x 220 and P = VI Thus, P = VpeakIpeak Power = 80W for either side of the ideal transformer (no power loss) 80 = (2 x 220) Ipeak Ipeak = 0.26 A Thus, D ANS

Question 7 The voltage out required is 20V. This is equal to the input voltage, and thus capacitor must be fully charged. This occurs after 5 time constants have elapsed. A time delay of 30 seconds is required. Thus, 30 seconds = 5 time constants. 5 = 30 Thus, = 6secs = RC 6 = 1500C C = 0.004 = 4000F Thus, A ANS Question 8 The charge across a capacitor increases until it reaches a certain final value, so the correct answer is D ANS Question 9 The time delay depends on the time constant for the timing circuit, which in turn depends on the values of R and C. Increasing either of these values; that is, using a larger value of resistor or capacitor, will increase the delay time. Thus, the only option that will increase delay time is A ANS

Chemology Physics Unit 3 Trial Exam-2011