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Unit 1 Set Theory

Example-1 Learning objective: understanding the operations on sets 1. If A= {x/x is a positive prime number < 8}, B= {6,7,8} , C= {7,8,9} then the value of (AB)(BC) is A) {(7,6),(7,7)} B) {(7,7),(7,8)} C) {(7,4),(7,5)} D) None of these. Answer key : B Step 1: Find the values of the different sets given in the problem Step2 : Perform the different set operations given in the problem Step 3 : we get option (b) Example-2 Learning objective: Applying the fundamentals of set operations 2. If U={1,2,3,4,.} , A={2,4,6,.} and B={1,3,5,} then (AB)c= A) Ac Bc B) (A.B)c C) AcBc D) AcBc Answer Key: B Step1: Find the values of the basic set operations in the given problem Step2: Find the complement of AB Step3 : we get option (c) Example-3 Learning objective: Understanding the concept of Cartesian product of sets 3. Consider the sets A and B , here AB=BA if and only if A) A-B=A B) (b) Ac=B C) Bc=A D) A=B Answer key : D

Step1:Should know the properties of Cartesian product of sets Step2: Applying the properties we get (d) Example-4 Learning objective: Applying the concept of functions in problems 4. Let Q be the set of rationals .If f:QR is defined by f(x) = 3x + 2 for every xQ then f-1(x) is A) B) C) D)

x2 3 x+2 3

x+7 3 7x 3

Answer key : A Step1: First check whether the function is one-one or onto. Step2: Then find the inverse of that function Step3: we get option (a) Example-5 Learning objective: Should be able to evaluate a composite function 5. Consider the function f:RR and g:RR defined by f(x)=3x2 and g(x)=x+7 then the value of gf is A) 3x-7 B) 7x-3 C) 3x+5 D none of these Answer key : C Step1: Try to recall the concept of composite functions Step2: Evaluate them, Step3: We get option (c)

Example-6 Learning objective: understand the concept of domain and range of a function 6. The domain of the real function A) R B) I C) N D) W Answer key: A Step1: Recall the concept of domain and range of a function Step2: Find the domain of definition of this function. Step3: We get option (a) Example-7 Learning objective: understand the concept of domain and range of a function 7. Range of the function y=cosecx is A) R(1,2) B) R(1,1) C) (1,1) D) none of these Answer key: B Step1: Recall the concept of domain and range of a function. Step2: Find the range of definition of this function. Step3: We get option (b) Example-8 Learning objective: Should be able to recognize hyperbolic functions 8. cosechx is defined as A)

f ( x) =

1 is 2 cos 3x

2 e ex
x

B) C) D)

e x ex 2

2 e + ex
x

2 e ex
x

Answer key: A

Step1: Directly follows from the definition of Hyperbolic functions Example-9 Learning objective: students should be able to understand the parametric equations 9. For the equation x2+y2=25 the parametric functions are A) x=5tan , y=5sec B) x=5cot , y=5cosec C) x=5sin , y=5cos D) none of these Answer key: C Step1: Recall the concept of parametric functions. Step2: Substitute the values of x and y on the left hand side of the equation Step3: We get option (c) Example-10 Learning objective: Analyze the concepts of inverse functions 10. The inverse function of y = f ( x ) = A) B) C) D)

x+2 , x 1 is x +1

1 x 1+ x 2 x x +1 2+ x x 1
x+2 1 x

Answer key: B Step1: By the rules of the function find the inverse function. Step2: We get option as (b)

Unit 2 Mathematical induction


Example-1 Learning objective: will be able to identify nth term and sum to n terms of an arithmetical series 1. How many terms of the arithmetical series 11,15,19 etc will give a sum of 341 A) n=10 B) n=11 C) n=12 D) n=9 Answer key: B Step1: Identify the components of arithmetic progression. Step2: Use the Sn formulae to find the number of terms. Step3: The correct option is (b) Example-2 learning objective: Student will be able to find the sum of a given series. 2. Consider the sum of squares series

S n = 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ..... + n 2 = k 2 . The expression for the sum of this


k =1

series A) B) C) D)

1 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 5 1 n(n + 1)(2n 1) 2 1 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 6 1 n(n 2 + 1)(2n + 7) 8

Answer key: (c) Step1: Can be solved by the principle of mathematical induction. Step2: The above formulae can also be memorized. Step3: We get option (c)

Example-3 Learning objective: Student will be able to evaluate the sum of a series using partial fractions 3. The sum of the series

1 1 1 1 + + + ..... + 1 2 2 3 3 4 n(n + 1)
A) B) C) D)

n n +1 n +1 n n n 1 n 1 n

Answer key: A Step1: Find the nth terms of the given series. Step2: find the sum of the series. Step3: We get (a) as the option. Example-4 Learning objective: Student will be able to solve problems in G.P. 4. If the 4th , 7th and 10th terms of a G.P. are a,b,c respectivelly then A) b=ac B) b2=ac C) c2=ab D) none of these Answer key: B Step1: The 4th ,7th and 10th terms of a G.P. are given as a,b,c. Step2: Using the equations what we get find the required condition. Step3: We get (b) as the correct option.

Example-5 Learning objective: Student will know to find the sum of a progression. 5. The sum of 213+223+233+.+303 is A) 172521 B) 172211 C) 172125 D) 127125 Answer key: C Step1: Find the sum using the n3 formulae. Step2: Evaluate the given expression. Step3: We get (c) as the correct option. Example-6 Learning objective: Student will be able to find the sum of the given series 6. The sum to n terms of the series 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + .. A) B) C) D)

n(n + 1)(n + 2) 3 n(n 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) 4 n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n 3) 4 n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) 4

Answer key: D Step1: First find the nth term of the above series. Step2: Find the sum of that nth term. Step3: We get the option as (d)

Example-7 Learning objective: Student will be able to find the sum to infinity of a given progression 7. The sum to infinity of 1 + A) B) C) D)

3 5 7 + + + ....... 4 16 64

3 8 8 3 8 5 5 8

Answer key: D Step1: Recall the formulae to find the sum to infinity of a A.G.P. Step2: Substitute the values in the formula. Step3: We get the option (b) Example-8 Learning objective: Student is familiar with the method of differences 8. The sum to n terms of the series 6+13+24+39+58+ is A) n( 4n + 9n + 23)
2

B) C)

n (4n 2 + 9n 23) 6 n (4n 2 + 9n + 23) 6

D) none of these Answer key: C Step1: Find the nth term using method of differences Step2: Then find the sum to n terms Step3: We get option (c)

Example-9 Learning objective: Student is able to find the sum of the given series 9. Sum to n terms of the series A) B) (c) (d)

1 1 1 + + + ...... 2 5 5 8 8 11

n 6n 4 n 6n + 4 n 4n + 6 n 4n 6

Answer key: B Step1: Find the nth term of the above series by using partial fraction method. Step2: Find the sum to n terms of the series. Step3: We get option (b) Example-10 Learning objective: Student will be able to solve problems in G.P. 10. If the pth , qth , rth terms of a G.P. are x,y,z respectively then xq-r.yr-p.zp-q = A) 1 B) 0 C) 2 D) 1 Answer key: B Step1: use the formula tn=arn-1 to find the pth , qth and rth terms of a G.P. Step2: Raising these to the powers q-r, r-p, p-q Step3: Multiplying and simplifying we get therequired answer

Unit 3 Combinatorics
Example-1 Learning objective: Student will be able to use the rules of combinatorics. 1. A class has 20 boys and 30 girls.A team of 6 students has to be selected . The number of ways of selecting a 6-member team having equal number of boys and girls is A) B) D)
20 20

C 3 C2

30 10 20

C3 C3

C) 10C3
30

C3

C3 9C3

Answer key: A Step1: First select the required number of boys and girls as given in the problem Step2: Use multiplication principle. Step3: We get the option (a) Example -2 Learning objective: A student should be able to us the concept of combination. 2. A person has 10 friends and 6 relatives . In how many ways can he invite 7 guests such that 5 of them are relatives A)
10

C2 6C4

B) 9C2 6C3 C) 10C2 6C5 D) none of these Answer key: C Step1: Select 5 relatives out of the 6 relatives and remaining 2 friends from 10 friends. Step2: Use multiplication principle. Step3: We get the option (c)

Example- 3 Learning objective: The student will be able to identify whether the problem is permutation or combination. 3. Twelve students enter an ice cream parlour , which has 6 types of ice cream . The number of orders the students can place is A) 6190 B) 6188 C) 7573 D) 4560 Answer key: B Step1: Judge whether the problem is permutation or combination. Step2: Find the nature of the problem , i.e. each order corresponds to a 12-combination with repetition from a set of 6 objects. Step3: By applying the formula we get option (b) Example -4 Learning objective: Student will be able to solve problems in combinatorics. 4. If the composition are restricted to have exactly m parts , then (m-1) markers are needed to form groups and the number of ways of placing (m1) markers in the (n 1) spaces between the ones is A)

n m n 1 m

B) C)

n 1 m 1 m 1 n 1

D)

Answer key: C Step1: Use the different properties of combination. Step2: Apply the suitable formula to get (c)

Example -5 Learning objective: Student will know the concept of Ferrers graph 5. The representation of permutations by an array of dots is known as A) Ferrers graph B) Descartes graph C) Fermats graph D) none of these Answer key: A Step1: This is a direct theoretical question Step2: Correct option is (a) Example- 6 Learning objective: Student will be able to understand the application of Ferrers graph. 6. The partition obtained by reading the Ferrers graph by columns is called the A) conjugate partition B) Ferrers conjugate partition C) Ferrers partition D) none of these Answer key: B Step1: This is a direct theoretical question. Step2: Correct option is (b) Example -7 Learning objective: Student will be able to apply the principle of inclusion or exclusion. 7. P Q = min of A) B)

(P , Q )
2

(P C) (Q
(

,Q
,Q

) )

D) Q , Q

Answer key: A

Step1: find the value of

PQ .

Step2: Evaluate it and we get one of the values which is option(a) Example- 8 Learning objective: Student will know how to solve problems in progressions. 8. The number of integers between 1 to 250 that are divisible by any of the integers 2,3,5 and 7 is A) 196 B) 195 C) 193 D) 200 Answer key: C Step1: Find the required nos in between 1 and 250 Step2: Using the formula find the number of those numbers. Example- 9 Learning objective: The student will be able to solve problems in number theory. 9. The number of positive integers less than or equal to 70 , and are relatively prime to 70 are. A) 42 B) 24 C) 34 D) 26 Answer key: B Step1: Use the formula to find the number of positive integers. Step2: Use the concept of prime numbers we get option (b) Example -10 Learning objective: Student will be able to solve problems in permutation and combination 10. The number of ways that an examiner can assign 30 marks to 8 questions so that no question receives less than 2 marks is A)

21 10

B)

21 15 21 14 21 19

C)

D)

Answer key: C Step1: Use the combination formulae Step2: Simplifying we get (c)

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