ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by F.
Ll.

GRIFFITH

EIGHTEENTH MEMOIRl

THE

IIOCK
OF

TOMBS

EL AMARNA
PAET VI-TOMBS OF PAEENNEFEE, TUTU, AND AY
BY

N.

DE

G.

DAVIE S

FORTY-FOUR PLATES

LONDON
SOLD AT

The offices
I
'

OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND,

CO.,

37,

Geeat

Russell

Steeet,

W.C.

AND Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.

and by

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The rock tombs

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EL

AMARNA

VI

PLATE

111

X o <

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by F.
Ll.

GRIFFITH

EIGHTEENTH MEMOIR

THE ROCK TOMBS

OF

EL AMARNA
PART VI.-TOMBS OF PARENNEFER, TUTU, AND AY
BY

N.

DE

G.

DAVIE S

FORTY-FOUR PLATES

LONDON
SOLD AT

The offices OF
AND BY

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND,

CO.,

37,

Great Russell Street,

W.C.

AND Pierce Bthlding, Copley Square, Boston,

Mass., U.S.A.
43,

KEGAN PAUL, TBENCH, TRUBNER &

B.

Dryden House,

Gerrard Street, Soho, W.

QUARITCH,

11,

Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W.

56,

ASHER &
AND

CO., 13,

Bedford Street, Covent Garden, W.C, and

91

Unter den Linden, Berlin

HENRY

FROWDE, Amen Corner, E.C, and

and

93,

Fifth Avenue,

New York

LONDON
DTIKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET,

PRINTED BY WILllAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, S.B., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W.

EGYPT EXPLiOBATION FUND

iPrestOcnt
P. G.

HILTON PEICE,

Esq., Die.S.A.

lt)fce=lPrcs(Ocnts

The Et. Hon. The Eael op Ceomeb,

Sir E. Maunde-Thompson, K.C.B., D.C.L.,

G.C.B., G.C.M.G., K.C.S.I. (Egypt)

The Hon. Chas.

L.

Hutchinson

(U.S..\."/

LL.D.

Peof. Ad. Eeman, Ph.D. (Germany) Peop. G. Maspeeo, D.C.L. (France)

The Eev. Peop. A. H. Satcb, M.A., LL.D. Peop. W. W. Goodwin (U.S.A.)

Josiah Mullens, Esq. (Australia)

Ibon. trreasurers

H. A. Geuebee, Esq., P.S.A.

Edwaed

E.

Warren, Esq.

(U.S.A.)

Ibon. Secretarg
J. S.

Cotton, Esq., M.A.

/IBembers of Committee
0. F.

Mobebly Bell,
J.

Esq.
(U.S.A.)

Mes. McCluee.

The Hon.

E. Caetee

SoMEES Claeke,

Esq., F.S.A.

Newton Ceane, Esq. (U.S.A.) W. E. Ceum, Esq., M.A.

Aethue John Evans,
F.E.S.
Esq.,

The Eev. W. MaoGeegoe, M.A. EoBBET Mond, Esq., F.E.S.E. The Maequess op Noethampton.
Feancis

Wm.

Peecival, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

M.A.,

D.Litt.,

SiE

Heebeet Thompson, Baet.

Esq., F.S.A.

Mes. Tieaed.
A.

Prop. Eenbst

Gaednee, M.A.
D.Litt.

John Ward,
T.

F. Ll. Gbippith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. P. G.

Kenyon, Esq., M.A.,

E.

Heebeet Warren, Esq., M.A. TowEY Whytb, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

Peop. Alexandee Macalistee, M.D.

CONTENTS
List of Plates

........
....
. .

PAGE

vii

Chapter

I.

The Tomb of Parennefer.

A. Architectural Features.
B. Scenes
C.

...

and Inscriptions

Parennefer

........

^ 6

Chapter

II.

The Tomb of Tutu.

A. Architectural Features
B. Scenes
C.

and Inscriptions

.... ......
.
.

Tutu

14

Chapter

III.

The Tomb of Ay.

. .

A. Architectural Features
B.
C.

15

Scenes and Inscriptions

17
.

Ay and

Tyi

.23
.25 .31
.

Chapter IV.
A.

The Eeligious Texts.

Prayers

Hymns and

B. Shorter petitions

.... .... ........

Appeistdix.

Pictures of the Palace

......
.
,

36

Index

...

....
...
. .

39

Index of Cross References

41

General Index of Tombs

....

...

43

LIST OF PLATES
WITH REFERENCES TO THE PAGES ON WHICH THEY ARE DESCRIBED.
PLATE
*I.

LIST OP PLATES.
PLATE

XXXIV. *xxxv.

*XXXVL
*XXXVII. *XXXVIII. *XXXIX.
*XL.
*XLI.
*XLII.
*XLIII.

Addenda of Tutu. The Hall. N. thickness Tombs of Tutu and Ay. Hall S. wall. The harem Tomb of Ay. Central aisle. The hall
of Ay.
;
.

Tomb Tomb

....
E. thickness

Ay and

Tyi.

East thickness [continued)

East thickness [upper pari)

Hymn
North

,,

to the
wal].

Aten

The Royal family The crowd

.

*XLrv.

Outside the palace

THE

EOGK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

PART
VI.

CHAPTER
THE TOMB OF PARENNEFER
Tomb No.
of the
7
^

I
(

3There

is

the northernmost of the tombs

Queen, accompanied by their household.

South Group, being excavated at the

line of foot-hills (IV. xiii.).

are three princesses, and, though the inscriptions are broken,

it is

extreme end of the

easy to perceive as well the

Lying high up on a steep

was probably always
open.

slope, its

entrance

figure of Benretmut, the Queen's sister, officiat-

traceable, if not actually

it

ing as fan-bearer and ranking after

children.^

the

royal
of

road which leads from

to the city

Nothing appears
is

in

the

details

across the plain helps to

mark down

the

site.

the picture which

similar scenes.

not already familiar from

The name of the owner is injured wherever it occurs, and the reading adopted here is due to a
shrewd
s;uess of the late

M. Bouriant.

The supplementary picture which is so often set below the main scene has been executed only
on the
left

(north) side.

A.

Architectural Features.

and the

rest

Here the royal chariots of the body-guard make halt at

and
here, too, Parennefer

a respectful distance,

Exterior.

The tomb

is

a very unpretentious
is

is

seen making his private offering.

one of the cross-corridor type, but

singular
(PI.
ii.).

tion facing the

to indicate

in possessing a fully-decorated fagade

The posiKing which is given him seems that his homage is directed to the
to the god.

The door-framing shows on the family worshipping to right and

lintel

the royal

monarch rather than

He

kneels in

left of

an

altar

front of one of the little chapels or magazines

on which the sun casts its rays. On the jambs there is only the group of five cartouches written
in a

which the pictures of the temple show in such

numbers, and the due paraphernalia of offering
set out before

horizontal

line

below the sun-disc.

The

him

are also in accord.

It appears

smoothed
is

wall to right
reliefs,

and

left of

the doorway

then as

if

Parennefer was making his gift in

occupied by

the upper parts of which

one of the side chapels, while the royal family

have been erased

centuries.

The

by the whirling sands of two pictures exhibit, with

worshipped at the great

chapel
is

altar.

Possibly this

meant

to be that

one in the temple

differences merely of grouping, the conventional

which was connected with his own tomb-endow-

scene of the worship of Aten by the King and

1

ment

{wakf), and where the

offerings for the

of
is

" The north-easternmost tomb behind Hadgi-Qandeel Hay No. 3 of Lepsius. A sketch-plan of the tomb

"

2 The second figure in the upper register on the right hand effaced in the left-hand scene. Cf Pis. IV., XVI.,
;
.

given,

in Mon. du

culte d'Atonou, I., p. 125.

xvii., xxvi., xxviii.

II., v., vii., viii.

V.,

iii.,

v.

THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMABNA.

dead were
first

spread out before the god or the

scene of worship had already been dealt with

King, or both.
Interior.

Except

for the entrance

half, the state.

and the
is

was able to use some freedom. Accordingly the figures face inwards and are
outside, the artist

two walls in the northern

very rough and unfinished

tomb

in a

given the most unconstrained attitudes, as

deceased
to his

if

the

Its floor

has

man

had wished to depict a royal visit

not been cut to the full depth, the walls of the

southern half are
still

tomb, whether remembered with pride as an

irregular,

and the south

at the

event of the past or thus delicately suggested for

the future.

door

is

only outlined in ink.

The door

Or

else it

may

depict simply those

north end of the corridor has been pierced, but

instead of admitting to a shrine and statue,
it

many
forth

occasions on which the King, sauntering

with his

family,

included the

gratified

opens into two low successive chambers, small

Parennefer
after the

among

the scribes and

officials

who,

and roughly hewn, where the sepulture must

have been made.
scribed in
ink, as

wont of the

East, formed a favoured

The

east

doorway was

in-

train

on

such occasions.

These attendants are

fragments of dy hetep seten

it

seen in the foot-scene carrying water, stools and

the
outfit

prayers on the right jamb shew,^ but later

of the

scribe

exactly
his

the

needful

was almost destroyed

excavations
further

in
in

an

effort to carry the

accessories of a visit of inspection to the tombs.

this

direction.

This

Parennefer

has

not

attached

name, but
.

extension, as also a square recess in the north

probably the " cleanser of His Majesty's hands

is

"

end of the east

for the latter

wall, is

probably contemporary
first

to be seen in the official

who

carries

ewer and

may

be the

step in forming

towel.

the

pillars

of

the

enlarged

chamber.

The
if

decoration on this side of the

left in ink, since it

tomb

is

naturally

could only be carried out

The main scene shows the King walking under the rays of the sun, which clasp him under the armpit and head, as if to hold him up in their
hands
lest

the ever-present hope of enlarging the chamber

he stumble against a stone in the

was

definitely abandoned.

Had

this

been done,

rough

desert.^

He

grasps a staff in his left hand

the pictures would have been transferred to the

rear wall of the extended chamber.

and throws
unhappily

his right

the most caressing

is

arm round the Queen in way possible. The picture

it is

On
are

the west wall south of the entrance there

graffiti

not intact, but

plain that the

remains of hieratic
is

(PI.

vii.).^

A
is

King's arm passed round the neck of the Queen

square

marked out on the

floor

near the north

and that the fingers of

interlaced.^

their right

hands were
coiffure

door, as if a pit were projected.

The

ceiling

The Queen

wears

as

squared up in readiness for a design.

simple as that of her ladies save for the uraeus

B.

Scenes and Inscriptions.

(Plates
iii., vii., viii.).

Four shade-bearers go in front, and probably no one saw the incongruity of

on her brow.
depicting
a

North Wall-Thickness
Previous copy
(photograph).
:

the

sun as an inconvenient and as

Mom. du

benevolent

power

at

culte d'Atonou, I., Pis. Ixii., Ixiii.

one

and

the

same

time.
is

This space
family, as
1

occupied by a picture of the royal

is

usual in these tombs.

(ith column) "

But

and
as the

Behind the Queen follow the three princesses their nurses. Merytaten displays as affec;

tionate a nature as her parents

for she

and her

Commencing

dy hetep seten of the

the King,''

living Aten,

and the great Queen

" (" spirit of

in the third column).

^

Mr.

Griffith

can only decipher a reference to "the

For the caressing hands see Pis. iv., xvi., xvii., xxix. See the enlargement PI. vii. The artist has exaggerated the size of the hands in order to make the attitude
^

temple of Thoth in

Khmennu

(Eshmunen).''

clear.

The King's hand

is

uppermost.

THE TOMB OF PAEENNEFER.

youngest
sister

walk with their arms round one

execution,

and

its

scheme of colour, would be in

its

another's necks and beguile the

way with caresses.

strong contrast to
spite of its

wretched surroundings, in
the stains

South Wall-Thickness (Plates iii., viii.). Here a full-size figure of Parennefer is seen in act
of prayer.
festal

own incompleteness and

efi"ected,

and erasures that time has

the general assault upon

had

it

not

His bald head

is

is

crowned with the

of his prayer

been mutilated in the most heart-rending way in

the tombs
in

cap and his neck

of gold beads.

loaded with five double

1890.

collars

The text

The

outlines of the picture, fortunately, can be

has been injured both in ancient and in recent

times,
text,

restored in all essentials from earlier copies,

are presented here
in full for

and

and

his

name, which occurs twice in the

deliberately.^

the

first time.

was possibly expunged

For a

Not only
deserving

is

the subject of the reward of the

translation of the prayer see p. 25.

ofiicial

the prominent feature in every

it,

West Wall
vii., ix., x.).

North Side
Plate
iv.)

(Plates

iv.,^

v.,

tomb, but the same general presentation of

though with much change

(of
;
:

of

form,

occupies

Previous copies

Hay, MSS. 29814,

;

fol.

39,

the front wall of each of the chief tombs of this

40

29847,

fol.

64

Lepsius, D., III., 108, 109

Mon. du

group (those of Ay, Tutu,

nefer).

culte d'Atonou, I., PI. Ixv.

The

picture,

May (?), and Parentherefore, may be dismissed

to see their favourite

At the Palace Window

wall, with its wealth
'

(Plate iv.). This

its

in a few words.

The balcony from which the

as usual, the chief feature

of detail,

beauty of

King and Queen lean out

publicly decorated
is,

The

first

occurrence of the
it

in nefer, the second that

name shows that it ended began with Par and as an n

;

in the picture, not only in size

detail

but also in the

it.

and nfr can be traced below at intervals it seems certain that the rest of the name was written in ill-cut hieroglyphs where the contour of the figure left room for them. As
the

name

is

well

known

in the 18th Dynasty, its adoption,

amount of coloured The decoration shown on the palace somewhat from that given elsewhere
makes it unlikely that
mirrors
faithfully
it is

bestowed upon
front
;

diff"ers

but

if this

is fairly safe.

suggested by Bouriant {Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., p. 124), The east door (PI. vii.), which might have
solved the question, gives less than no help.

an exact reproduction
it

of one of the palace windows,

none the

less

The only

the

column preserved
title

(in ink)

on the right jamb ends with the

kind of ornamentation

preceding the name, the wall not having been smoothed below this. Faint traces of the ends of the four columns re-

which was applied to the walls above the dado

of painted wainscotting.^

main on the

left

jamb.

with the fragment of This closes with a name (?) ending in r or perhaps par. which seems to have ended may be the name of the wife,

The three first end at the same level a title or name en pet (?). The fourth

panelled front of the balcony

The design on the is met with elseand

where in a
n. xxxi.

less perfect condition (Plate xix.

For a coloured copy see Frontispiece,

Pictures similarly rich in information

'^~^
in
2

(PI. V.

For mention

of the wife
iv.

cf.

PI. xxiv.).

Vol

V.).*

The right-hand
is

half of PI.

(the scene outside the

balcony)

from a

half-scale drawing, but,

owing

to the

Remains

of

such decoration, probably with the closest

extensive injuries to the wall, I took L., D., III., 109, as I altered it, however, in numberless the basis of the rest.
points of detail from the wall itself or from the copy of Hay. I have also ventured here and there to bring it into

degree of resemblance,

may

still

be seen on the ruined

walls of the palace of the King's father,

at Thebes.

Amenhetep

III.,

nearer harmony with the style in vogue at El Amarna, as shown in extant parts or elsewhere. I could not use the picture in the French publication, since it is evidently a

* This copy was made for nie by Mr. E. Harold Jones, who spent much care on it. In the original the colours are much soiled and impaired, so that close study is

necessary for their recovery, nor can I feel sure that

we
It

copy of Lepsius, with the addition of the left-hand bottom corner which he did not include, and a few other alterations.

have obtained the original value

will

of

some

of the greens.

In Plate

iv.,

as elsewhere, the limits of the parts

bo seen that there are painted designs on the boi'ders and cornices of the loggia which were too minute or uncertain to be reproduced in Plate iv. The cushion is red with small blue diamonds, alternating with larger white diamonds with dark red outline and central spot.

which are

now

destroyed are marked by a faint outline

Berlin

and an asterisk in the margin.

squeezes of the scene (No. 503).

Museum

possesses

THE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AMABNA.

as to the design

and colour of
in the

tlie

textile fabrics

set in a high wall, are seen a

group of the royal

familiar

to

the Egyptians

of the

Eighteenth

chariots and the notables of the city, including

Dynasty
in black

exist

Theban tombs, but few

and the designs tatooed

are available for study,

two or three in mayoral dress and three fanWith some probability we might see in bearers.
the first three Nekht-pa-aten, Ay,

on the body of the Libyan captive are

and Ahmes.
if

especially interesting.

The mayor stretches out his hand as

to

Some
rays

further

points

may

be

noted.

The
their

touch the hand of the King in greeting.

Some

which clasp the body of the King and

if

courtiers stand in obeisance at a greater distance,

Queen, as

to

prevent

them

losing

and

still
is

further in the background, where a cup-

balance as they lean over the window-sill, show

a pretty fancy of the artist which
to
is

bearer

decanting wine or water from the great

hostages
or visitors

confined

jars, are

from Nubia and

the

large

tombs of

this

group.

The

gift
is

Syria.

of the uraeus as well as the ankh

still

by the rays
of the

more unusual.

The

profile

King

Beneath the window Parennefer (not named), who has reached the supreme moment of his
career (and, to judge
in
life),

corresponds very closely to other portraits in the

necropolis, but the forms of his neck

by

his features, not early

is

and hips

dances with excitement as he

loaded

reach the extreme of misproportion.

He

wears

more and more heavily with the King's

Already the
fifth

favours.
is

an elaborate

collar,

on which and from which the

necklace of gold beads

being

cartouches of Aten

hang

in

pairs.

The twin
;

secured round his neck, while a second servant

cartouches also adorn his upper- and fore-arms

rubs his body with

precious ointment.

Other
?)

they are not tatooed but mounted on threads or

ribbons, as
is

presents, collars, necklaces,

and bags

(of gold

plainly

shown

in the case of the

are displayed under the porch.

still

greater

Queen.

The royal

pair are accompanied

their nurses

by the by

array

of

articles

of

dress

is

being

brought
the

three princesses

and
is

and

also

out of a chest,
scribes

faster

indeed than

busy
of

Benretmut, who

consistently

shown by her
prin-

can register them, and a long

is

file

stature to be their senior.^

cesses interrupts

The group of
of

servants

employed

in carrying off in jars

fill

and
the
is

picture

the

interior of

baskets what

the palace which will be dealt with separately

(p. 36).

chambers.

may Two
staff

richly

Parennefer's store-

trusty

guardians

keep
;

In the Courtyard (Eight half of Plate

iv.).

postern through which the porters defile

one

armed with a

and a supple whip, while the

Inside the central entrance of the palace court-

other seems able to wield a pen as readily as a

stick.

yard, which here

is

represented as a double gate

Outside the Palace Gates (Plate

From tracings of the Berlin squeeze me by Dr. Schaefer it is plain that the
1

v.).^

As
it

kindly furnished
first

this part of the design

was never sculptured,

sign of the

has nearly disappeared.

registers, apparently,

name

of this princess is of

much

Four out of the

filled

five

the same shape as that

shewn in her name in Plate xxxi. In both cases the spreading shoots at the top of the root seem certain, but
in neither
is

were

with the train

of servants bearing

it

quite plain whether the sides are shaped

which only a
distinguishable.

away the King's bounty, of few jars, ewers, and basins are
In the midst of this profitable

like a root or a pod.

Text, II., p. 142 (on this

but Hay's copy gives

it

The shape of the sign in L., D. same wall) speaks for the former; an intermediate form such as it
el

escort Parennefer

has also in Petrik, Tell

in III.

Amarna, PL

xii.

This latter

is

homeward

in

his

makes a triumphant progress chariot. We see him at the

probably the form in use in the necropolis.

vi.

The hnr sign

moment when

is

injured and

may

the

women

not have been perfectly

of his house

come out

reproduced.

The head

of

in L. D., III., 109, but apparently

Benretmut seems well rendered is somewhat restored.

Reduced from a

tracing.

"

"

THE TOMB OF PAEENNEFEE.

to

meet him with music and dancing, and

is

his

under a baldachin on a raised dais with a sloping

approach (c
II. xxxviii.).

wife, rushing forward,

the

first to

welcome him

with uplifted arms.

Of her outburst of praise to the generous King we can only decipher " [the
mistress] of the house, the favourite of the chief

The purpose
quite

of this public appearance

is

not
in-

obvious from

the

picture,

and the

scription put in the

mouths of the

courtiers or

wife

of

the

King,

re,

says

(?)

'

singers

seems to have been one of adulation

....
[living]
ever.'

Grant to him
for

Nefertiti (?)
for

merely.
"

ever

ever

and
It is

Pharaoh (?), millions

(?)

of years

and myriads (?)

[of sed(?)

festivals],

the bright child of the Aten, who hast afforded

to us(?)

The House of Parennefer (PL

similar pictures that the scene
plete.
is

vii.).

a sight of thyself

evident from the last plate and from a study of

with the brightness of the living

beautiful rays

Thou sparkiest ^ Aten. Thou seest his

multiplying for thee
^

not yet com-

the tale of d-festivals.

He

hath transferred

to thee to

It

must have extended over the narrow

and have
is

every land and given

for thy heart

(?)

to thee

make
life

giving

strip of the north wall adjacent to it

to

hearts
!

,0
is

Ua-en-ra

whom

the

Aten

included, as

often the case, a picture of the

loves

home
small

of the

official.

Of

this ink design only a

fragment can now be recovered at the

wall.

The King, who

of state,

dressed in his J;e/-crown

bottom of the
the
outer

On
the

may
Or

be giving audience to an embassy

the tribute shown in the

the

left,

apparently,

is

which
picture.

is

presenting
it

wall

of

premises

with a gate
of dishes

may

be that the great array

to

admitting to the garden.

is

Immediately within
with
gate

was

only designed

express

the

building
wall

or
(?),

enclosure

and

abundance that reigned within the palace, and

that
ease

screening

containing an altar

loaded

with

offerings.

arrangement
longer
clear.

Beyond is the garden, the and contents of which are no

we merely when it fell

see the

King

in a

moment

of

to Parennefer to discharge his

duty and pour water on the royal hands and

feet.

The baldachin under which the King

its

sits

East

Wall

North Side
of the

(Plate vi.).^ This

is

supported on wooden columns having a capital

scene was never executed with the chisel, and

formed by the union of the lotus and

with the
lily.

buds

what remains
'

ink design can be de-

The King
perhaps

is
;

being served with a

ciphered only with some difficulty, and here and

there with uncertainty.

draught by the cup-bearer

and another
identify
feet,

official,

large

part of the

whom we may
them.

as

Paren-

wall to the left of the picture in the plate shows

nefer himself, kneels at his

attending to

no trace of design and perhaps never received any, while the excavations round the doorway have removed the end of the picture on the right hand, where the Queen and the princesses
were probably shown sitting behind the King. This is the only case in this group (apart from
the peculiar

All that remains to us of the scene before the

King

is

a mass of dishes,

jars,

and

tables

of

meat, and several groups of musicians.

Foremost

among

the latter

is

a (double

?)

troupe of female

performers.

Their instruments can no longer be

distinguish both the
is

tomb
is

of

Mahu)

in

which a scene from

it
is

enumerated, but we can

the back wall

preserved, and

therefore

standing harp and the trigon, which

carried

some guide

to

the imagination in completing

on the shoulder
^

other tombs, such as

those

of

Ay and

perhaps also the lyre and the

Tutu.
Reading
Reading
"^

The

picture depicts the

King

sitting on a stool

^
1

Reduced from a

tracing.

IP^

THE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AMAENA.

lute.

The. foreign

(?)

musicians
(cf.

who play upon

v.,
vii.)

it

is

not

surprising

that

we have no
tomb.
is

other
In-

the great standing lyre

III.,

are

record

of his

existence

than his

again present

in

their

peculiar

conical

caps.

deed, the display he

makes

probably someposition.

The group

before the gate seems also to be one

what incommensurate with

economizing on the
to
size of his

his

By

of performers.

tomb he managed

have

it

decorated with sculptures designed for

Parennefer.
Considering the very modest
nefer
titles of

larger walls

and

illustrating the careers of bigger

Paren-

men
name

than himself;
his

but he did not court rebuff

If

by obtruding
iii.)

name.
is

the erasure of the

it

Craftsman of the King (Plate

in the entrance
all

not accidental,

would

He

who washes the hands of His Majesty

iii.,

appear that with

his

prudence he failed to

(Plates

vii.)

escape the reward of the overweening.

CHAPTEE

II.

THE TOMB OF TUTU

A.

(^

^
to " the Father,
(later

Architectural Features.
(Plates
xi.,
xiii.,

the

centre, wishing long life

"

Exterior
(No.
8)
^

xv.).

This

Ra-Aten

form of the cartouches), the

xxxv.,
cor-

tomb

King, and the Queen.

Interior (Plates
xxxvi.).^
xi.,
xii.,
xiii.,

gives notice

by

its

exterior aspect of
its interior also.

xiv.,

the boldness which characterises

It

combines the appearance of a rock-cut speos

;

In

its

main features the

the great
into

hall

responds closely to the general

type of large
hall

with that of a free-standing mastaba

for the ex-

tomb (Part

IV., p.

8),

having
aisles

cavators chose for their purpose an isolated table

of rock

been divided

longitudinally

three

and hollowed
its

it

out almost to the

full

by two rows of columns.

columniation
of

The broader
columns
the

inter-

extent of

dimensions.

The rocky
level,

elevation

the
axis

central

leaves
is

not being sufficiently high, the

floor of the

tomb

an

aisle

in

the

of

tomb, which

was carried below the outside

cut to meet

and a long

further
traves.

approach of the same width as the portal was

it
;

marked by the The columns

disposition of the archi-

are

twelve in number,

but as this alley was not prohills,

it

each row of six terminating at both ends in

pilasters of the familiar type.

longed to the dip of the

remained a

Or, rather, this

sunken area into which one descends by a short

slope.

would have been so had they been completely

carried out
;

Therefore only the portal gives the

;

full
is
is still

but the eastern corner of the hall

its

height of the tomb

the rest of the fapade

an unhewn and irregular mass to half

lower, rough in surface, and irregular in line.

height.
visible
;

The mode of excavation

is

This doorway
left

is

of the usual type

for seven

room was
columns,

here plainly

the mass being divided into blocks

force.

on the jambs

by

vertical

deep trenches and then broken away by

but on the right side only

five of these

have

The

shrines for

statues, in

which the sinele

been

cut,

and only the lower half of the sixth

left.

cross-corridor

and seventh on the

damaged.
p.

Both are now sadly

lintel differs
is

(For translations and references see

tomb generally terminates, and which we saw planned for each of the three

aisles in

Tomb
state

16 (V.,

vii.),

are in a
in

still

31).

The device on the

more
tomb,
side.*

only

advanced
all

of preparation

in detail
effaced.^

from other examples and

now

this

largely

three having been

in that

begun on the south

Three princesses with sistrums, their

As
is

nurses, fan-bearers,

and

scribes,
it is

accompany the

tomb, the portal of the middle shrine

it

King and Queen, and

scene a row of

simple, while tliose on either side of

possible that the

also.
3

have

Queen's sister found a place

Above the hieroglyphs ran both ways from

Plans and sections drawn with the most admirable

care and completeness are given

fol.

by Hay, MSS., 29847

{Papiers,
iii.

44, 49, 50
;

L'H6te

gives sketch-plans
II., p. 145),

tomb behind Hadgi Qandeel" of Hay No. 2 of Lepsius and L'Hote. 2 Shewn in Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., PI. lii. See also
1

"The

principal

298)
*

Lepsius {B. Text,

culte d'Atonou, a

a plan and section

Mon. du

plan

(p. 107).

For convenience and analogy I as-ume that the tomb

Maeiettb, Voyage dans

la

Haute Egypte,

I.,

PI. xviii.

faces west instead of north-west.

THE EOCK TOMBS OP EL AMARNA.

an entablature of the form familiar to us in

Tombs 14 and 16
xix.).

here, however, the panelling

(cf. III.,

The second chamber, invariably planned but rarely carried out in these tombs, is in no better
plight here, being a mere gallery excavated to
its full

has been fully worked out in sculpture

The designs which should have

of the

filled

the

length but only to about half

its

its

height.
also

panels have only been applied in paint.

consist

They
(in

The work of blocking out

been begun at the
rear.

columns has

cartouches

of the

god

the

later form)

and of the King and Queen, adored

by the deceased.^ The most original feature of the tomb is seen in the arrangement of the
third
cross-aisle
;

Columns and Architraves (Plate xiv.).^ Though the ornamentation which can be recovered from the columns in the tomb is
surprisingly rich

for

this part of

the hall

is

and new, they themselves are

screened off from the rest by a low corniced wall,

extremely unprepossessing
present condition.
of the type
all
is

and bare

in

their

which links
the row

all

save the two middle columns of

walls.^

The only standing example

and
so encrusted that

to one another and to the

To

unfinished,

emphasise the separate character of the space

thus
floor

enclosed, it

is
:

raised

slightly

above the

of the

hall

low ramps, roughly hewn,

omitted between the

and much of the form is lost. Four columns are entirely removed, two are still half engaged in the rock, two others are imperfectly
colour

outline the passage-way into the inner chamber,

shaped, and the remaining three (including the

fellow of the decorated column) have been left

and,

where the wall

is

central columns, gate-jambs are set to

entrance.^

mark the
jambs

with a plain shaft.

Fragments of two of the

The outer

face of each of these

destroyed columns, however,

was adorned with three sculptured panels, of

which the upper two show the King, Queen, and
Merytaten worshipping Aten, and the lowest.
Tutu."

and prove that

less

their

tomb ornamentation was more or

still lie

in the

complete.

Traces of eight stems

on the

empty base on the north

side of the aisle

show

that one of these decorated columns stood there,

surface of the ceiling

The
too

and of the

soffits is

and the other was doubtless

south
side."

its

fellow on the

much
or

eaten

away

to retain

any traces of
of

pattern

colour,

and the three columns

The detailed decoration of the column, with

bands of design adopted from the jeweller's art

hieroglyphs which extend along the ceiling of

the aisle are almost illegible (PI.
tion
xii.
:

transla-

and without any relation at

form,
is

all

to its papyrus

on

p.

32).

Those on the ceiling of the

well

in keeping with that love of richness of

entrance,
xiv.
:

however, are

preserved

(Plate
'

translation on p. 32).

back row.
^

The column on the left (north) of the gateway in the The moulding of the shaft into eight stems
its

Though

inserted in the entablatures of the southern

has been added from the fragments of

fellow

for in

wall (PI.
door.

xii.),

they are decipherable only on the northern

the standing column they are only indicated above the

tablet.
'

The

state in

be gathered sufficiently from the plates.

furthest aisle

which these shrines have been left can That in the has been cut back to the full height only in
side of the wall is without
fillet

column has been restored in Plate

xii.

(Section on

the entrance.
2

The inner

or cornice,

EF) from the fragments. These show that one of the two destroyed columns was of exactly the same type as that now standing, though the decoration had not been fully,
carried out.

due to incompleteness. but ^ The restoration of the upper part

this is possibly

On

the capital only the band of uraei seems

of

the jamb in

to

have been

cut,

but the shaft was fully moulded and

Plate xiv.

is

hypothetical.
is

A
;

lintel

is

unlikely, but a

adorned as in Plate xiv.

ribs.

Each

of

the stems has three

projecting capstone
gate,

possible

for the rebate suggests a

floor

though
it.

there

are

no pivot-holes in the

to

and the lower part of the shaft extant) seems to have been without surface
(the capital

The other column

;

receive
*

decoration

its

eight stems

are

marked with sheaths

at

For

his prayer see pp. 31, 32.

the foot.

THE TOMB OP TUTU.

form and colour which marks the period.
counterpart or precedent exists in Egypt. ^

No Merytaten
The
vii.).^

worshipping.*

In section the column

resembles closely those already met with (cf V.,

model seems to have been taken directly from the columns of the palace in the city, wliich the

The transverse architraves

are inscribed

as usual

on the inner face which meets the eye.

new

love

for

faience

inlay

had covered with

These inscriptions begin at the entrance, and,

continuing above the east doorway, end in the
centre
in

ornamentation.

Pictures of the palace

show us

that the royal bedroom and other of the private

sign

common

to

both

apartments of the King were furnished with

columns, from the neck of which birds hung
(ostensibly
reality

A B D).
columns

The architrave above the three

is

(A B E, removed
side,

also inscribed

on the west
is

but

sculptured in
in

the
or

round,

but

in

the beginning of the text

on the part of the

to
it

only

greater

less relief).^

Conruins

transverse

architrave

adjacent
is

(A B
all

C).

sistently with

these representations, the

actually

The formulary
(translation

AB
p. 32).

common

to

three

of

the

palace

yielded

fragments of

on

columns decorated with designs akin to those

Burial Vault
nearly

(PI.

xiii.). This

tomb,

like

employed

here.^
is

all the others,

shows signs of a make-

On

the abacus of our column (PI. xiv.)

shift place of burial.

No thought was

given to

line of hieroglyphs

between two rows of

petals,

appearances

for a stairway

was sunk between

spelling the King's

names on the south

side,

and

the last columns at the north end of the hall in

on the west that of the Aten

(later form).

The

such a

way

as to cut into all four.

Yet

consider-

stems of the capital have at the top a row of the

able labour was expended in the

eff'ort

to provide

group of signs spelling the word

nlih, " eternity,"

its

an inviolable sepulchre.
steps, passing
stair

flight

of twenty

and below

this

a row formed by a flower and

under the rock

floor at the

seventh

bud alternating with another seen full-face (conThe sheathing leaves of the papyrusvolvuli ?). heads are seen at the foot of each. The eight
sections representing the inserted stems are here

and curving

slightly southwards to a land-

ing, turns

westwards there at a right angle and

stairway continues

at the thirty-fourth step reaches a small chamber.

From

the floor of this the

devoted to ornamentation

first

and very

in-

almost due north and at the fifty-fourth step

reaches a rough hole in which a fitting interment

congruously by a row of uraei, then by a line

of petals, finally
flowers.

design

is

by persea fruit and by cornBelow the neck of the column the floral again employed between plain bands.

could scarcely be made.

There follows a band made up of three or four bunches of five ducks, each hanging head down-

B.

Scenes and Inscriptions.

(Plate
xv.).

South

Wall-Thickness

The

wards over a table

(?)

formed by two bundles of

is

shocking mutilation which this wall underwent

a few years ago

bound
right.

reeds.

Each bunch of birds

separated
set

may

be judged from the fact

from the next by a similar bundle

up-

that, of the fifteen

columns which covered the

inner half from top to bottom, only a few scattered

tablet

The
1

shows

the

King,

Queen,

and

signs survive.

Fortunately the text

is

recover-

It

Tomb
and
2

the columns of is not unlikely, however, that 16 would have been treated in this way (V., vii.,
of pavilions, etc.,
birds.
Cf.

In Plate

xiv. I

ought probably to have extended the

left,

p. 13).

tablet a little further to the

leaving

Wooden columns
fully
p.

may

of course have

taten,

whose figure

is

hinted at there and

is

room for Meryshown on the

shown
3

modelled

II.,

xxxii.,

and

the

broken column.
^

remarks on

35 of that volume.

Similar columns in the city seem to have broken each

cit.).

Of. Petrie, Tell el

Amarna,

Pis. vii., ix., x., xi.

stem up into four reeds (Petrie, he.

"

10

THE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AMAENA.

(References and

able from copies and squeezes.

the west wall.

Similar in

scheme as are the

doorway, great

a translation are given on

p. 25.)

pictures on either side of the

(Plates

North
XXXV.).
Previous
29847,
III.,
fol.

Wall
copies
15, 16
;
;

Thickness.

xvi./

variety of detail

is

introduced.

The speeches,

the events liberally interpersed, give us a clue to

are

:Hay, MSS.,

29814,

fol.

37;

L'Hote, Popers, XI., 37; Lepsios, D.,

culte d'Atonou, I., liv.

which are commemorated, but they are sadly The scenes occupy only about twoincomplete.
part of thirds of the whole length of the upper
the the wall on each side, but they extend over

106

Mon. du
is

This scene

too stereotyped to call for niucli

of the

comment.
through the

The heads
fall

King and Queen

lost,

and the figures of the princesses have been

of the slabs inserted with a

doorway, meeting in the centre there. The surface of the stone here, as everywhere
in the tomb,
is

view

most unsightly and sadly

cor-

to the finer execution of these important parts.

roded
is

The vase

in front of the stands has been chiselled

indeed in the upper parts the sculpture This is due to the countless almost efi'aced.
;

away
it is

for

some

reason.

Although the name of

is

bats that infest the

tomb and make

their presence

the princess whose figure remains

destroyed,
sister,

known

to the nose as unpleasantly as to the eye.^

easy to recognise in her the Queen's

A
is

full half of

the whole picture on each side

Benretmut.

devoted to the King, his family,

and

his

Below the scene

is

the text of the

Shorter

residence.

Hymn to
(Pis.

the Aten.

A translation of this, among

;

For the two pictures of the palace, which together form a frame round the doorway,
the reader
is

other versions, has already been given in Part IV.

xxxii.,
xxxiii.

referred to p. 36.

pp.

26-29).
:

Behind the

The King and Queen

are

shown

here,

not

kneeling figure of Tutu

we read

leaning from the window, but seated outside it The border of uraei in the courtyard on stools.
says

"The Chamberlain
who
fashioned

{ami-khent),

Tutu, maakheru,

'Listen to the utterances of thy son, Ua-en-ra,

Aten,

round the King's head-dress

is

unusual.

The

him and

set

him

to eternity

'
!

upper part of the Queen's figure has been lost

with the fitted stone on which it was sculpApparently she was dandling three tured.
of

paw

of the priest's leopard-skin shews under

Tutu's arm.

her

daughters on her

knees,

for

we

see

West Wall
xviii., xix.).

North Side
L'Hote,
Papiers,

(Plates

xvii.,

the
III.,
;

feet of

two
that

of

them and

learn from the

eldest

hieroglyphs
:

they were the

2:)rincess

and
again

Previous

copies

297

(the

youngest.

The

Benretmut
(in front

King)

Lepsius,

D., III., 107 6 (the King)

Mon. du

culte d'Atonou, I., Pis. lix., Ix., Ixi.

appears with her two dwarfs attendants below the throne).

of the

The subject of the reward and promotion of the faithful official, which found the more favour
since
it

Tutu stands before the King, the courtyard

being
tators,
filled

behind him with a throng of specroyal chariots, and

five

could be employed to reflect glory upon

as

two

fat

oxen.

the

King

much

as

upon the deceased, takes

These last, whether as coming from the royal farms

or as presents to the

large dimensions here, occupying both halves of

Restored from
with
help from

King

in accordance with
gift,

Lepsius,

Hay and

the Eastern custom of gift for

are decorated

Bouriant for the text. The extent of the restoration can be seen from the photogi-aph. Note the reading in col. 18, reversing the correction in Part IV., p. 26, note 8.
2

with ribbons and plumes

^

on their horns and

When

working here I cleared the tomb of them in an

I can find no other drawings of

culte d'Atonou, p.
a.

{Man. du
only

107).
tiie

L'Hote from this tomb So far as I know, he

hour or two by a massacre of about a thousand victims a good proof how easily the pests could be kept down or
exterminated.

made

few sketches in

Suuthci'n Tomljs.

"

THE TOMB OF TUTU.

are accompanied

11

by bearers of meats and drinks

The audience comprises (from the top row downwards) the foreign representatives,
(PL
xviii.).

King with a stream of far-fetched flattery which has come down to us only in fragments.
"

The speech

of the Chief Servitor

'

of Nefer-

the

soldiery

with

their

military

standards,

kheperu-ra, the Chamberlain, Tutu.

my
is

good done

lord,

courtiers,

scribes,

and

ofBcials,

including
(?),

the

ruler of character, abounding in wealth, great in duration,

rich in

mayor and the bearer

axe.

monuments

Thy every command

is

they

of the fan, crook

and

come
art

to pass as (in the case of) Aten, the lord, the living

Aten, whose command

done in heaven every day.

in seeing thee,
[to]

Thou

We

are fortunate in learning

what manner of
has

my

life

my

health

is

million of [2]

speech actually passed between King and subject

Niles,

my(?)

him who hath

placed

him

in his heart.

(thou) flock of birds

on such occasions as

this,

even though

it

at every season, great of

come down

to us only in broken snatches.

all,

Had

two hands
"
'

we heard
for
all

it

however, we should probably

in

reward of silver and gold for bis more than one can carry on his forearm.* The living Aten dawns [for] thee so as to gratify thy
(?)

heart daily,

TJa-en-ra, beautiful like

not have come much closer to King or people,

the
expressions
are

life

eternally

Aten, thriving [3] thy gleaming

very stilted

and

formal.^
" The speech of the King of South [and North] Egypt,

who

lives

[great

ones]

on Truth, lord of the Two Lands, N. O and heads of soldiery who stand before
'
!

May he grant to thee that he and that all that are upon the earth (?) may see his rays, mankind, cattle of all kinds, and all that go upon their feet. They see Aten dawning [4] every (?) [day] giving it (?) to thee more than festivals (?) or the banks of
father, that fashioned thee.
shines,

Pharaoh (L.P.H.) My purpose is to confer an exceptional reward (lit. to perform the exceptional occasion of rewards')
'

streams, the
feather.

number They are for

of

(?)

the sands, the hairs

(?)

of

thee, the loved

one of the
his

[5]

Aten
(?).

....
Thou
art fixed in his
!

[great in]

duration

equal to a thousand
does not hear that
his,

(?)

[of

what are done] to men.

He

it

has been given to another noble of

his lord.

fashioned, N.

rank eternally, O Ra whom Aten Thou createst progeny by myriads ; [6]

but I

(?)

give it to the Chamberlain, Tutu, because of

thou makest

They are not

they do not come with strides
(?)

his love for

Pharaoh (L.P.H.)

Lo

[2] I

appoint

brought (?)

(?),

they do not
ever.'

of copper

give birth to

a million descendants.

(But) thou art

captains of

bowmen (?),2

overseers of the horses,

thriving like the

Aten and

living for ever

and

the scribes
of all the

(?)

of the

King, overseers of soldiery, overseers

all lands,

mercenary troops of

attendants

(?)

of

After his reception by the King, Tutu retires

outside the gate of the courtyard, where the
sentries sit at their posts

the depots of Pharaoh (L.P.H.), every Servitor of Aten of the Aten [3] in every place (?)

Pharaoh (L.P.H.), his good lord, hath commanded that all nobles and heads of the entire land cause to be given to him silver, gold,
clothing, vessels of copper, [they
[4] the [royal] levies
(?)
?]

South and North.

with the standards of

a stand (top

the regiment planted

register
;

by them on
xxx.).

cf.

Plates xx.,

being due from you like

the projects

chariots of the high officials

Here too the wait to convey them

which [Pharaoh] (L.P.H.) makes for the Great Servitor of Pharaoh (L.P.H.). No noble knoweth how to do it unto He is found in [5] the (?) seat of the his [favourite?]. One (i.e. the King) listens to him in the Servitors (?). day. Behold Pharaoh (L.P.H.), his good lord, is setting [6] his (?) ^ great nobles, and likewise every noble whom Pharaoh
!

home.

A
who

few retainers and a band of female

lead

musicians prepare to accompany the palace servants,

away four

fat

oxen and carry

the vessels and meats of the King's bounty.

Before he turns homeward. Tutu addresses yet

a few words to his fellow-officials.
"

(L.P.H.) hath fashioned in the entire land, to give to him

silver,

gold,

clothes,

vessels

of

copper, cattle

(?),

every

The Chamberlain, Tutu,

captains of

saith to the
(?)

year.'"

to thy resting-place of eternity

... Pharaoh
of

Tutu
1

replies

to

this gracious speech

(in seven

of the

(L.P.H.)

bowmen
?]

(?),

overseers

the

horses, overseers of [soldiery

every Servitor
in the entire land,

The King's speech

as
if

columns) reads from right

:

of

Aten

of the

Aten
Pharaoh,

men

to

left,

issuing from his

mouth

that of Tutu in the

my (?)

[lord,

commands that ye

contrary direction.
i

shall give] great riches

(?),

the rewards of N., to his servant

AVSAAA

Of. PI. xviii., col. 2.

Reading

-?.

||i^.=^.

Reading
I

mil III!

J]
I

\>

"

"

"

12

THE KOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

listens to his
(?)

who

good teaching
to distinguish

of proper life, the riches

which he

gives to

[me ?] in the form of an impost (?) on me by favours more than

any

(other) favourite of his."

makes monuments to his father (?) and duplicates (?) them Thou createst by generations and generations [Thou art] as Ra, as the living Aten who bare thee. Thou shalt pass his long existence [2]. He dawns
!

Probably the

full

design would have included

in heaven to give existence to thee, my lord, complete (?) like the Father, comprehending, exact, and searching

the house of Tutu or the temple of Aten.

The lower
space of

half of the wall contains only a

short prayer (Plate xix.), separated })y a blank

Thy [hands ?] are like the rays of Aten, so that thou establishest mankind [3] wondrously, O my lord The Aten gives to thee these many ed-festivals he makes
hearts.
!

some length from a

figure of Tutu,

standing in prayer with uplifted hands.^

ti;anslation, see p. 27.

For a

For thou art his child; thou didst issue from him, Ua-en-ra, an image of eternity, who [4] upholds Ra and propitiates Aten, causing the land to comprehend Thou illuminest his name for the him that made it.
thee his heir.
rekhyt

West Wall
xxi.).

South Side (Plates

d'Atonou,

xix., xx.,

makes acclamation

Previous copy
Ivii., Iviii.

Mon. du

culie

I.,

Plates

Ivi.,

thou bringest to him the produce of his rays. He for thee in heaven [5] for joy on the day on whicji thou appearest. The entire land trips to thee, Their hands are Syria, Ethiopia, and all the nations.
;

(outstretched) for

beseeching

life

They are thee in praise to thy ka. are saying, " Grant as suppliants ; [6] they
!

In

this,

the companion picture

to

the last

scene, the

King and Queen

receive their servant

at the cushioned balcony,

to

from which they lean

Terror of thee hath closed their nostrils, Lo thy will they are bound (?) in their good fortune (?). scare; thy roaring makes their limbs is in them as a
to us breath."
to fail as flame devours wood.
[7]

The rays

of the

Aten

confer the proposed honours on him.^

The
is

shine on thee eternally.

Make

thy monuments stable as

;

supposed speech of the King on the occasion

recorded in two columns as follows
" [The speech of the
living
:

heaven and make thy appearance in them for ever (for) as long as the Aten exists thou shalt exist, living and
thriving for ever.'

King
'

of

South and North Egypt]

on Truth, Lord of the

Tutu.

Two

Lands, N., [to

thee

?]

the

This outburst of loyal feeling

is

shared by the
it

Chamberlain,
Servitor of

Lo

I appoint

my

Chief
in

bystanders, and a short expression of

has been

Nefer-kheperu-ra [in the temple

it

of]

Aten

Akhetaten, doing
art

to thee for love of thee, because thou hsh)

assigned to each group

by the

artist (Plate xx.).

my

chief

henchman (sdm

who

listens to

my instrucoffice,
!),

The
"

foreigners, standing in

an attitude of respect,

tion

(his).

Verily every commission which thou performest,

is

speak through their Egyptian interpreter

The
tributaries
(?)

my

heart

content therewith.
of
"
^
'

I give to thee the

saying, "

Eat thou the rations

temple of Aten."

Pharaoh

(L. P.

H.

of every foreign land say,

'

living

thy

Ra, Nefer-kheperu-ra, [we] are subject

[to thee] for

ever

lord, in the

and
is

ever.'

By

this formal

announcement Tutu
collars,

raised to

The

soldiers grasping their standards are styled

(lit.
'

sacerdotal rank, second only to that of the high-

"Those carrying
priest.

Golden

sandals,

and cap are

he

wearing ') the hht standard, who

are followers of the Majesty

sight of

who

is

beautiful of face, at

brought and

fitted

on him.

Meanwhile

whom

there

is life,

Nefer-kheperu-ra."

makes

a lengthy reply, lavishing

encomiums on
O

Next
"

in order are their leaders in ordinary dress

of soldiery
'

the King.
" [Said

by ?] the Chamberlain (?), Tutu

'

Ruler who

before Pharaoh (L.P.H.

The great ones and captains !) and say,

who stand

Ruler, brightness of
'"

the Aten, abounding in wealth

Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., PL lix. 2 For remarks on the picture of the palace see pp. 36-7. The Queen, who was wearing the flat-topped head-dress, was accompanied by her three daughters, who must have been grouped about her in much the same way as in
1

Then come
" the scribes

[saying]

'

Say

ye, "

Health to

Nefer-kheperu-ra, the

Aten [who

establishes]
!

mankind and

brings into being the generations

"

'

Plate xxix.
^ This was the formula of induction to priestly office, and was exactly followed at the investiture of the high *

Emending

to

The phrase occurs twice

priest also

(I., v.).

below similarly injured.

"

"

" "

THE TOMB OF TUTU.

Nearest to Tutu are the high
oflBcials
;

13

the note

in

the ceremony.

Two

chariots are stationed

appended to them
"

is
'

close

by

the horses have been unharnessed and

Said by the great ones, the companions/

How admirable
is

are feeding from their

mangers

in pairs.

are thy projects, Nefer-kheperu-ra.

How

prosperous

he

The two lowest

the
palace
gates.

registers

seem to represent

who

is

in thy

(?)

fair child of the

Aten

Thou

wilt bring generations into being.

like the Aten.=

Thou

scenes witnessed prior to the ceremony before

art to eternity

Servants and soldiers are

Near the
charioteers
xix.).

side door of the courtyard the

two

dashing to and from the palace in chariots, con-

royal chariots are in waiting, and one of the

joins

veying messages and

officials.

The major-domo

stands at the gate and demands the business of

those entering.

the general laudation (Plate

As

usual, a

good stock of viands

and water
" Said by the charioteer
the
^
'

is

piled

up here

in charge of soldiers (?),

beautiful like

Aten who gave him fashions mankind and gives

is

being,

Nefer-kheperu-ra,

who

perhaps the rations of the watchmen or the

guard.
offer

existence to generations.
is.'

He

The object

in front of
shield

fixed as the

heaven in which Aten

some kind of
foot.

them seems to against wind or dust.^

his

The scene which takes the courtyard and finds

next depicted.

place

when Tutu

leaves

scribe,

accompanied by

apprentice,

is

a crowd of friends and

arriving on

On

the left

the

service of
is

retainers waiting outside to escort

him home

is

the temple, whether ordinary or exceptional,

Tutu's dwelling seems to have

being provided

for.
is

been in or near the temple where the functions

of his

In the centre of the picture Tutu

returning in
glory

seen

new

office

were to be discharged, for that

here
as

building

is

presented

the

goal

of

movement/ The picture

way, but a
registers

tells

its

story in a very confused

little

study will show that the three

which end at the temple contain the

As he emerges from the gate, decked out in his new finery, he is demonstratively welcomed by his They subordinates, his charioteer, and others. fall down before the King's favourite or dance with excitement, and Tutu addresses them
from the palace.
:

main

action.

of the wall

The rest is accessory. At the top we see the spot outside the palace
is set.

"

laudation

[of]

the

King

of

Egypt, N., by the Chamberlain, Tutu,

pointed
(?)

Upper and Lower when he was apin the temple

saith to

wall where the military post

Two

Chief Servitor of N. in

regi-

of
his

Aten

in Akhetaten.

The Chamberlain, Tutu,

'

ments seem

to be on

guard and display their

many
!),

subordinates

See the benefits which Pharaoh

standards on altar-like platforms.*

either replacing one or

An
it

officer is

(L.P.H.
in

my

lord,

has done unto me.

For I
(?)

removing

to take part

saying truth, not allowing any overstepping

Read
Spelt

m^
u
'-' A

any commission of my lord when he sends me thereon. For indeed I do according to that which goeth forth from
his mouth.'

Cf. Pis. XXV., col. 12

xxxii., col. 4.

in V., p. 10.

The

first

sign

must

This speech immediately calls forth the loyal

response
"
:

have been omitted here by the scribe. 3 The termination of the sky above seems to show that the picture is complete, though the wall extends much
further.

Ruler,

who maketh monuments

to his father

and

This

is

the only plan of the temple in the Southern

is

duplicates

them!

May
!

Nefer-kheperu-ra

have

health.

Tombs
Even
King's
are

(an elevation

shown
I. x.a,

in IV., xviii., xx.)

and

it

should be compared with

in this
stela,

which

it closely

resembles.

O Aten, grant a million of sed-festivals to him, thy child, Grant that he may fulfil thy whose nature is as thine
duration
!

small picture the salient features of the

etc.,

the screening wall behind the second pylon,

The smaller temple is given more prominence and the building is more compact. Trees planted in

Tutu mounts

his chariot

and goes on

his

way

made

clear.

accompanied by detachments of police and groups

=

boxes are set round the temple. * The standards on the left seem slightly unusual in form.

Cf.

I., xviii.

14

THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

by
his wife (?)

of friends and

and her women,

all

which the Tell

tain.^

el

Amarna

Letters seem to con-

on
the

foot.

The temple servants receive him building and again Tutu must invoke
on the King
:

at

There we find Aziru, a somewhat turbuhis son also, Avriting to

lent kinglet in the north of Syria or the interior

blcssino"

of PhcBnicia,^

and

one

The Chief Servitor

of

N.

[in the

temple of Aten in]

'

Du-u-du
King.
ential

in

Egypt

as an intermediary with the

Akhetaten, the Chamberlain, Tutu, saith

Ruler,

who
(?)

Aziru addresses him in the most defer-

[makes monuments] to his father

[them]

(1)

and duplicates

way

as "

my

lord "

and "

my

father,"^

and
and

otherwise shows that he had

is

come

to

know him

prayer and praying figure of Tutu

the

intimately,

and

in all likelihood personally,

only decoration of the lower part of the wall

(Plate
it

xxi.

translation
in

on

p. 27).
fill

Probably
the vacant

Tutu's appreciated fully his influence at court. " chief mouthpiece of all the claim that he was
foreign lands " (PL xix.)

was introduced

order to
to

makes

it

almost certain

space, for Tutu's

tomb seems

have proved too

that he

is

this

Dudu whom
It

the kings of Syria

spacious for the stock designs.

The only conis

recognised as the real power behind the throne

in their affairs.

nection with the scene above

that Tutu
if

is

makes

it

probable, too, that

arrayed in his collars and festal cap, as

fresh

from

his honours.

Tutu was a man of years and position before Akhenaten came to the throne, and that the

young King, whose

C.

interests
relied

were concentrated
the

TuTfJ.

on

Egypt,

gladly

on

diplomatic

The

texts,

which are interspersed with the

wisdom
It
is,

of his father's confidant.*

scenes in this

tomb with such unusual profusion, do not bring the personality of Tutu much nearer to us. The distinctive functions of a Chief Servitor are as little known to us as those
of an Ami-Khent, probably for the good reason

perhaps, a sign of the special acquaint-

ance

of

Tutu with the King's mind that

in

in

several inconspicuous places

his

tomb

(the

outer

lintel,

the abacus, the entablature), where

they were scarcely legible, the cartouches of the

that they indicate positions of wide authority in the

Aten are given

the

in the later form,

which avoids
into uni-

temple and at court, which were

because
to

all

the

name

of Horus, and which

came

higher
attached
almost,

few bureaucratic

duties

were

versal use in the

tombs soon

after the

removal

them.

We

gather

that
official

he

was

to the northern necropolis.

(Here, too, in the

It seems, then, that

if

not quite, the highest

the King's

in the

tombs of Mahu and Any.)

realm, enjoying

closest

confidence.
1 Knudtzon, El- Amarna Tafeln, Nos. 158, 164, 169 (WiNCKLER, Tell el Amarna Letters, Nos. 44, 45, .52). Dudu is mentioned also in Knudtzon, No. 167 (Winckler,

As such, his we have an

activities

had the widest range, and

instructive account of

them
p. 27).

in the

short inscription on Plate xix. (see

Both

47a, p. 408).
I., p.
2

See also Stkindoefp, Beitrage zur Assyriologic,

the quantity and contents of the texts in his

331.

tomb
Life,"

justify us in concluding that if

"

any man

in

Akhetaten entered into the new

Teaching of

and made application of

was
he.

its zeal for

Truth

in his public life, it

It is generally in vain that

we seek

for

some

Knudtzon, ih., p. 56. Khai (Huyl) he addresses as "my brother," writing in a more familiar strain (Knudtzon, No. 166. Wincklee, No. 46). In the reign of Amenhetep III., Amanappa is addressed by Ribaddi, King of Gebal, in the same way as Dudu.
''

Stela 211 of the British

*

Museum shows one Thuthu

touch of the outside world to give

body to these
( '

shadows of men which the tomb-scenes throw

v\

s=>
yJ!>

))

Acting-Scribe and Steward in the

and therefore we cannot pass by a testimony to Tutu's existence and activity

upon

history,

house of King Ay, offering to Sokaris of Re-stau and making

a dy hetep
official is

seten

prayer for his father Khonsu

but this

not likely to be identical with our Tutu.

THE TOMB OF TUTU.

the

16

tomb was decorated

was
being

at

a time

when

the
3-

innovation

introduced

cautiously

v>si r^nrsi s
I illl

"CMef

Servitor of N. in the barge" (PL xiv.).

(shortly after the birth of the third daughter).

Tutu's

titles are

^^37

==

" Overseer of all

'Hffi
lain "
(?).

(Ami-Khent).
<^

"

Chamber-

Commissions of the Lord of the

(Jamb.

Two Lands

"

PL
(,

xv.).

(Passim. " Chamberlain of the Lord

in

of the
2.

^^^n SSSlk"!)
" Chief Servitor of N. in
"

Two Lands"

PL

5.

"^

LJ "^w
III

xii.)
/VSAAAA

"^'^^ V

Hi

" Overseer of all

i *u=^

works of His Majesty

" (ib.).

O
6.

in^
A u C O

r^^_
AAA^^^

"Overseer of the
"

CTTDI O of the Temple of Aten in Akhetaten

CQ2
col.

silver

and gold of the Lord of the Two Lands

(PL xv.
(iS.).

PL

xix.

twice on

PL

xx.).-^

o n

n
1 1

aa/waa

AAAV\A

o
xiL).

" Overseer of the Treasury

1

.... the Aten in the

^.

The

title

is

not

clear, the short

possible

in all four occurrences.

is

gap being plain or Tutu is never " Chief

"

Temple of Aten
I
I

in

Akhetaten" (PL
AAAAAA
I

Servitor of Aten," but he

(King's speech,

PL
(?)
.

xvii.),
. .

described as " Great Servitor " Servitor of Ua-en-ra" (PL xix.)

"

" Chief

\>

On
xix.).

and

" Servitor

Nefer-kheperu-ra

(PL

xvii.).

mouthpiece of the entire land" (PL

16

CHAPTEE
THE TOMB OF AY
Thk tomb
of

III.
((]

l)(j)-

Ay

(No. 25)^

is

the most westerly

Interior (Plates

xxii., xxiii.).

The entrance,
half has been

of the inscribed tombs.

Its

deep and roomy

pierced through a thick wall of rock, admits to

a hall of which little

approach easily

fills

with driftsand, and though

more than

tomb opened by me," it was not fully cleared till 1893, and till 1883 was filled with later (New Kingdom ?) burials
speaks of
it

Hay

as " the

excavated, but which was planned on an ambitious

scale.

The two most striking features of the

are the crowding together of the columns

tomb
and

and an enormous mass of broken sherds.

diverging roads lead from
it

Two

their brilliant whiteness.

Had

not the hail

to the city.

suffered sadly in the general mutilation of 1890,

the tomb, in spite of

its

unfinished state, would

A.
Previous
plete)
;

Architectural Features. plans : Hay, MSS., 29847, fol. 42 (fairly

culte d'Atonou, I., p. 26.

have been by
com-

far

the most attractive in the

it

necropolis.

Indeed,

may

still

claim the

title

Mon. du

on account of its

size, its purity,

the beauty of the

Exterior
approach
gently
cut

(Plates

xxii.,

xxiv.).

broad
leads

remaining sculpture, and the freedom from bats

through

the

rock-slope
is

which

it

has so far enjoyed.

hall has

down
tomb

to the door,

which

of the usual
as

The excavation of the

roughly on the east

been completed

character,
befits a

though of such larger proportions

of the size.

side,

and on the west as

In addition, the

The framing

of the

much has been

cleared as sufficed to set free the

aisle.

door was decorated in the usual way, but the

lintel is

columns of the central

about
height,

now

so weather-worn as scarcely to allow

cross aisle nearest the door has

its

been run out to

us to distinguish the
to Aten,

King and Queen

princesses,

offering

full length,

though at a diminishing

whose

disc occupies the centre.

They

and the upper half of one other column

are followed

Benretmut
(PI.

by three was also

and no doubt

has been roughly shaped.^

eastern half of
in three

included.

The jambs

The columns in the the tomb number twelve, arranged

four.

xxiv.) are

inscribed
side,

with prayers in six

rows of

Of these twelve only the

columns on either
very weather-worn.

but the upper parts are

at the foot shows

A panel

Ay and
the
1

his wife in a kneeling attitude.^

(For

two columns nearest the door in the central aisle have been finished. The rest have only been given a rough contour, which differs very widely
in the ten examples.

Ay's head see PI. xxxi., and for a translation of

.texts, p. 32.)

The ungraceful thickness

No.

of Lepsius

and L'Hote.

As

the entrance faces

adopted for the columns, which contrast very unfavourably with those of Tomb 16, is combined
commencing with the ceiling was marked on it down the centre of the longitudinal aisles, from which, no doubt, plumb-lines were dropped to keep the columns and walls perpendicular. The completion of one half of the tomb
^

down-stream I have assumed this to be due north. position and roads see IV. xiii.
2

For the

The usual method

of

followed.

Parallel red lines are

The
XV.

figures differ scarcely at all

from those given on

PI. xxxi. PI.

insignia

They are shown in Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., In all cases Ay, when on the left, carries his in his outstretched hand, but when on the right
left shoulder.

over his

shows a vivid apprehension of that untimely arrest of the work which actually befell.

THE TOMB OF
with so narrow an intercolumniation that the
hall is a

AY.

1?

are

from the north side of these columns and

:

mere

forest of columns,

between whose
If they
is

read similarly
right

"

The bearer

of the fan on the

in the heart of

bases one can scarcely walk with ease.

hand of the King, dwelling

have

little

claim to beauty, however, there

the

King

in the entire land, excellent satisfier

not unfitting sense of gloomy mystery in their

{^)
of the

of the heart of his lord, the acting scribe

dark and mingling shadows.

Viewed from the

King whom he

loves, the father of the

doorway down the broader aisle of axis, the tomb has a much more light and prepossessing
appearance
(PI. xxxvii.).
first

god, Ay, living anew."

Remains

of that on the

west side of the second column on the east show

that this formed a third variant
;

but the frag-

Neither the door at the east end of the

cross-aisle

ment

yields

no meaning (PL xxxiv.).

in coloured
(PI.

nor that in the axis has been pierced

latter has

For a translation of the inscription

hieroglyphs on the two architraves
see p. 34.

beyond the door-cheeks, and only the

been inscribed.
portal,

xxxii.)

Besides

this

door,

the outer

and the two

sides of the entrance-passage,

is

Ceiling.

This
:

was decorated
are

in

the

usual

a part of the north wall

the only surface which

way.

In the entrance the patterns are efiaced,

still

has received sculpture.

but the inscriptions

partly

legible.

Columns (Plate xxiii.). The finished columns show the usual features of the type most common in the necropolis. As in Tomb 16, three ribs instead of one are marked on the ptem, and here
deeply, foreshadowing the later division of each

(Plate XXV.

translation on p. 34).

Both are
xxxiii.
:

admirably preserved in the hall (Plate

translations on
pp. 34, 35).^

The wine-coloured
the the

background with the prevailing blue of

bead-pattern
gives
a
rich

appearance to
the

stem into
pair, at

four.

The
the

tablets,

as

usual,

face
first

tomb,

which

the

whiteness of

columns

diagonally towards

entrance

in

the

enhances.

The designs and colours employed

right angles to the axis in the next.^

can be fully learnt from

PL

xxiii.

These tablets are adorned with designs showing

standing figures of

Burial-Place.

No

second

chamber

being
as

Ay

and his wife adoring

tablets are incised

car-

provided, the place of sepulture was

usual in

hewn out

touches of the god and the royal pair which are

set

the

corner

of the

hall.

flight of

between them.^

The

and

twenty-nine steps bends round sharply to the

the inscriptions painted in appropriate colours.

west at the twenty-second step and

a rough hole,

tails off into

Otherwise the columns are pure white, no colour

apparently being proposed.

now

almost entirely

filled

with a

The abaci of the

large flint boulder.

There

is

thus no trace of

four finished columns were inscribed on the side

any use having been made of

for burial,

this

poor provision

facing the

aisle,

and

also
;

on the north side in

and

this accords, of course,

with Ay's

the case of the

first

pair

but these inscriptions

supposed history.

have been ruthlessly hacked away,

and only a
B.

few hieroglyphs remain.

The two duplicates The

on

Scenes and Inscriptions.

(Plates
xxv.,

published by Lepsius^ are probably those on the

inner sides of the northern pair.
titles

East Wall-Thickness
xxxi., xliL,
xliii., xliv.).

xxvL,

two more published from the notes of Lepsius*

Of these latter, one is blank and the other uncoloured. 3 See Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., p. 41. 3 L., D., III., 105 d (East Column), e (West Column. Reproduced on PI. xxxi. Cf. Hay, MSS., 29847, fol. 65).
1

Previous copies

: Hay, MSS.,
; ;

29847,

fol.

65

L'Hote,
II.,

Papiers, III., 297 (a few notes)

p.

Lbpsius, D. Text,

142 (Queen's titulary)

(photograph).

Mon. du

culte d'Atonou, I.,xviii.,

xix,, XX.

^
6

Published in Mon. du culte d'Atonou,

I.,

PL

xxii.

L.,

D.

Text, II., p. 145.

Hay, MSS., 29814,

fol.

11

29847,

fol.

15 (coloured).

18

THE EOCK TOMBS OP EL AMAENA.

we
feel confident,

This wall offers one more example of the royal It has suffered greatly in family at worship.
the upper portion through exposure and not less

with a near approach to a true

portrait of the pair.

effect

When

fully coloured the

must have been much

collars,

enhanced

for

by loss of patching-stones and modern violence. The Queen, it can be seen, was wearing the Atefcrown.

though the garments of both husband and wife

are

pure white, the

bracelets, armlets,

Three daughters are shown, as well as

Benretmut,^ accompanied by her

and, in the case of Tyi, the cap

and

fillet,

were

the princess

bright with varied colour, set

off,

in addition,

by

two dwarfs,
neheh
('

"The

vizier
')

of the

Queen, Ervizier of his

the masses of minutely divided hair.^

To Eternity
of

"

and " The

royal
pair

The text
pp. 28, 29.)

is

in excellent preservation, as the

mother, Para ('The Sun')."'

photographs show.

(A

translation

is

given on

The

figures

the

show good

modelling, though the sculptor's unhappy trick

of sinking the figure less deeply below the skirt,

West Thickness (Hymn to the Aten).

xxvii., xli.
Previous copy
xvii.
:

Plates

and so giving a sudden diminution of the leg

at

Mon. du cuUe d'Atonou,

I.,

Pis. xvi.,

that point, mars the effect in the case of the

King

(Plate xL).

The inner half of

preserved for us the

this wall

(which would not

is

Lepsius and
titulary of

Hay have
:

be covered by the open door)

occupied by a

the Queen, of which only the final

text in thirteen long columns and by figures of

signs

now remain

Ay and
fair of face,

Tyi similar to those just noticed.

This

" The heiress, great in favour, lady of grace, sweet of

love, mistress of

text, the

most

poetical

and

lofty that the cult of

South and North,

gay with

Aten called
cellence of

forth, has acquired the

the two plumes, beloved of the living Aten, the chief wife
of the

name par
Only the

exfar

King whom

(he) loves, lady of the

Two

Lands, great

The

Hymn

to the Aten.

of love, Nefertiti, living for ever

and
is

ever.''

worse fate which has befallen other documents as

precious can reconcile us to the form in which

The lower part

and

of the wall

occupied by a long

we

prayer accompanied by the kneeling figures of Ay

his wife (Pis.

now
both

possess

it.

As

it

was deeply buried in sand, was

xxv., xxxix.).

These

figures,

Hay and

Lepsius shirked the task of exIt

it,

like those

on the opposite

wall, are distinguished

cavation and left the whole uncopied.*

by remarkable precision of modelling, and, being perfectly preserved, show the art of Akhetaten
at
its

not

till

1883 that Bouriant uncovered

and

the copy that he then

made and

revised in 1884

very best, retaining

its

bizarre features
us,

without over-exaggeration, and presenting

The opening
signs of her title are, of course.

Unhappily though but a few years have passed since the protecting sand was removed. Since M. Jequier photographed them (Jlfon. du culte d'Atonou, I., PI. xx.) Tyi's
if

I speak as

the figures were uninjured.

so,

they are no longer

The hnr
given
it

sign, though injured, seems to have the form in Plate xxxi. (where, however, the final '^ has
plate).

face has received deliberate injury,

own photograph was taken her

of a spiteful attack, levelled

face

and the year after my was again the object

dropped out of the

Being misled by a supposed

first

analogy in the necropolis, I was at

to read the sign nzm, as others

more

inclined

of

Antiquities, with

whose
in

apparently at the Department administration the village

is plain also from details of above publication that the

had done, till set right by Sethe (A. Z., 1905, pp. 134-5). Of. p. 4 above. ^ The first dwarf is female, as the determinative of the name shows. Though no distinction in dress is noticeable,
the phrase " his mother " suggests that the second is a boy. " Vizier " (if this translation is correct) may have been

happened to be offended.
the jewellery given
colour
also
is

It

the

rapidly disappearing and will soon be See PI. xxxiv. for Tyi's coUar and bracelet, chiefly from the above source. Ay's collar and armlet are
virtually gone.

chosen in jest as the least applicable

title, like

the names.
viii.

They recur in Plates

v.,
iii.

xvii.,

xxviii.

II,,

v.,

vii.,

and

and his bracelet similar to that of his wife. the right side of the doorway is a large table of hieroglyphs, but to uncover it would be a great labour."
plain yellow,
^

"

On

Hay.

THE TOMB OF
was to prove the only complete copy we possess.^ A. few years later, and apparently before any further copy was taken, a full third of the inscription

AY.

19

Previous copies^
29847,
only)
;

: Hay, MSS.,
I.,

29814,
III.,

fol.

41,

58;

fol.

67; L'Hote, Papiers,

104,

297 (inscriptions
;

Peisse, Histoire de I'Art,

xxxix."

Lepsius, D.,
p.

III., 103,

105a, 106a, 111; D. Text,ll.,

144;

was destroyed.

Mon. du

culte d'Atonou, I., xxiii., xxiv.'

Considerable portions of the hymn, however,

are paralleled in other laudations of Aten, where

This scene,

representing
its

the reward of the

pictures, as

King's favourite, has

sister

we

they are probably as original as here.

all
is

For, in

have seen, in the tombs of Parennefer and Tutu.^

likelihood, neither this nor

any other hymn

tomb.

No

one scene
see
;

is

the original or model, so far as

are modifications of a picture

a set composition which

or

had currency apart

use
in

we can

all

from,

previous

to,

its

the

which probably existed only in the imagination

of the chief artist of Akhetaten.

These texts either borrow from an authoritative

composition or are compiled from the current
liturgical phrases

and dogmatic statements of was evidently

zeal-

The Palace (Plates xxviii., xxix., xlii.). As always, the balcony occupied by the royal
family
is it

the

new

" Teaching," which

the dominant feature

is

of the

scene.

ously imparted in Akhetaten under the personal

Behind

the palace and in front the crowd

guidance of the King.^

at accession be accepted,

If his
it

extreme youth
difficult to

accompanying Ay.
have sometimes ventured to restore those forms
of outline

becomes

assign the literary or philosophical form of the

religion to him.''

The poet

and
or prophet of the
lie

facial

expression which

are

so

stereotyped at
fail

El
to

Amarna and which

preserve.

the plates of Lepsius so often

is

movement and
ever
lie

his

works probably

and

will

No

deeper question

ever involved in these

of

hidden from history, nor would mere

his

changes, I believe.

The upper parts

Ay

and Tyi have

knowledge of

name

avail us

much.
i.

The photograph on Plate

pair unnecessary.

makes further

been added from the photograph of the block in the Cairo Museum (PL xxxviii.). The dancers, the gifts (PI. xxix.), the enlargement and the gifts (PI. xxx.) are added from scaledrawings, and the group round Ay (PI. xxxi.) is reproduced from a tracing. This combination of methods is responsible for a few minor omissions ; e.g. the legs of Merytaten below her sister's chin, and the broad ribbon depending from the Queen's head-dress. Such inexactitudes can be corrected

remarks on the admirable kneeling figures of the

In Plate xxxiv. I have shown the jewellery of
Tyi.
little
is is

The

colour

is

now

almost erased, and a

restoration has been necessary.

Dark blue
colour
Tyi's

by

the

photographs,

which, with

all

other

full-plate

represented by solid black.

assigned, light yellow
is

Where no

negatives in this volume,

were taken for

me by Herr

Schliephack, of the Neue Phoiog. Geselhchaft.

I do not include the amusing travesties of picture and interpretation by Villiers Stuart, Nile Gleanings, chapter vii. Squeezes of the wall by Lepsius (see SteinDORFF Blutezeit, p. 156), and by L'Hote {Papiers, xix., 4) are preserved at Berlin and Paris. ^ Evidently A furnished appropriated from Lepsius. room has been invented to fill up the corner cut oiF by the
^

to be assumed.

flesh

colour

is

warm
East

yellow, her cap

line.

light

yellow, with a lost pattern in red

North Wall:

Side

(Plates

xxvi.,

xxviii.-xxxi., xxxvi.,

xlii.-xliv.*).

architrave
1

BouEiANT, Deux jours de fouilles,

p. 2.

Compare the recurring

phrase, "

He

rose

up early and

taught me."
^

These are clearly copies of the plates of Lepsius with The changes are later a few alterations in the texts, etc. than the injuries to the wall ; so that the plates, where
'

No

progress

is

visible in these respects

from the year

tracings.

they agree with Lepsius, do not strengthen the evidence.

^

of the first proclamation. * The heads (PI. xxvi.) are

Perhaps also in that of

so far as
it

May
is

(V., PI. v.,

and

p. 3).

If

from careful

But

so, it supplies,

preserved, the lacking sub-

the photographs are a

is

still

more secure guide.

Plate xxviii.

scene which showed the river-gardens of the palace and its

landing-stage,
as well as

from my own

scale-drawing.

Plates xxix., xxx., owing

further

by-scenes outside

the

to the present state of the wall, have been based on the plates of Lepsius, but corrected in numberless points of
detail from the wall
itself.

palace and on the banks.

'

A comparison of the plans

p. 36.

of the palace will be

found

Even where

this failed

me

below on

20

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

second and generally similar representation

It will be noticed that the

women
it

in the

upper
of

of the palace

was to have occupied the same

room

of both houses have a peculiar

hair,

mode

wall on the other side of the doorway, forming

part,

wearing the

by dividing
ends.
in the

into one or

more
mere
This

no doubt, as in the tomb of Tutu, of a

tresses curling at the

neglige, for the

Nor

is

this

similar depiction of the King's bounty.

As

that

women

rooms below wear

familiar
also in

wall was

still

in the rough, the only part of the

the hair in an ordinary Egyptian mode.

lock or tress
to us in
is

scene that could

be

engraved was that which

quite un -Egyptian, but

is

extended over the doorway, meeting our scene

in

men

of Hittite race
^

and known

the

middle and forming a pendant to

xxxvi.).^

it

Syrian women.

In addition one

woman

at least

(Pis.

xxviii.,

The two pictures are

is

wears the flounced Syrian

skirt.*

It will

be

separated by a vacant space where the sky

noticed also that the trigon and great standing

lyre are seen only in
latter is

seen to terminate on a mountain in the usual

the

upper rooms.

The

way.

Below

it

are

two

trees,

in

which

am

found only
is

in the

hands of

foreigners,'^
too.''

inclined to see

corner of the palace garden

and the former

probably un-Egyptian

rather

than the mythological sycamores sug-

Now we know

from the Tell

el

Amarna

Letters

gested by M. Maspero.^

that Akhenaten had a second wife, daughter of

On

both sides of the centre two self-contained

Dushratta, King of Mitanni, of

hint
is

whom

no sign or

buildings are shown.

One
;

contains two rooms

given in Egyptian chronicles.

That
taken

this

entered from
contents,
it

outside

apparently,

from the

eastern wife

whom Akhenaten had

is

for

comprises a store-house and larder,

sit

diplomatic reasons would be practically a prisoner

of the

the more so that servants

ease preparing

round

it

at their

harem

more than
have
the

likely,'

and that

and eating

food.

The other and

her
live

women
apart

should

their

quarters and

larger building I judge to represent the

or that part of or slaves
;

harem
and
It
is

from

it

assigned to the female servants

be natural enough.
of

women would Nor need her women be

Egyptian
;

for only

women
by
all

are seen in

it

her

own

race

necessarily
to

the

artist

at

guards stand close

the

doors.

least
girls.^

would be content

show Syrian

slave-

divided into two suites of rooms which do not

communicate, each comprising a small hall with

one column and two small chambers opening
out of
it.
^

Peteie, Racial Types, Nos. 30, 31 (Ascalon?).

166, shows that the Hittite

L., D.,

We

have already noticed that each

royal or private, seemed

III.,

women
Cf.

dressed the hair

in

much
*

the same
p. 330.

way

as the

men.

Muller, Asien

great house, whether

to possess a

und Europa,
This
is

band of female musicians.

here are
all

As

the

repeatedly seen in

the similar pictures Pis.

women shown
of the hall

busily engaged in the

xvii., xix.,

which, so far as their state allows, are in harthe scenes here.

practice of music

and dancing, and the walls both

closets are

mony with
^

and the
all

instruments of
this

kinds,

hung with musical we must conclude that

of the house.

vi., and Part III., Pis. v., vii. For the conical cap which they wear see Petrie, Racial types, No. 188a

See PI.

(N. Syrian
^

?).

was a prominent part of the duties or

of the

Cf. PI. vi.

It is seen in the

woman with
p.

ti'esses
is

recreations

women

hands of Bes and of a (Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, I.,

The

469).

Bes

said to be a Semitic god,

and the woman No.

I

instruments include the lyre, the

lute, the trilyre.

seems to be a Hittite or Cretan.

'

angular harp, and the standing harp and

Cf WiNCKLBR, Tell
.

el

Amarna

Letters,

1 It will be seen that this part of Plate xxviii. is reproduced on a larger scale than the other. The restorations

indeed that, in the last reign, Dushratta repulsed an invasion of the Hittites and sent a boy and girl of the prisoners to Amenhetep III. (Knudtzon 17,
8

We

find

are from
2

Hay and

Lepsius.
p. 31.

See Part III.,

There

is

one tree in

III., xxxiii.

it is

three in Pis.

xvii., xix.

II. xxxvii., too, shows how probable 16). that there were Hittite and Syrian slave-girls in the King's harem,

= WiNCKLER

THE TOMB OF
For the
first

AY.

21

time, therefore,

we seem

to

have

with his
form.^

artist

his

admiration for

the

human

evidence of the presence of Tadukhipa in Akhetaten.

In this harem of the foreigners in the

The Queen's

sister,

Benretmut, though rele

is

left-hand picture, an older

woman seems

to be

gated to the background,

also present to see

instructing two younger girls to play a duet on

her father and mother honoured.

seen,

She

is

to be

the lyre and lute.

In the adjacent room or story

is

accompanied by her stTsmge famuli, among

an Egyptian woman
panion her

similarly teaching a com-

the attendants on the left of the window.^

first steps,

while two others, laying

The Courtyard
and

(Plates

xxix.,

xliii.).

^Ay

their instruments aside, partake of a meal to-

his wife Tyi, attended

by two

fat ofiicials,

gether.

In the other picture, one of the foreign

is

stand below the window to receive the bounty of

the King.^
care
to

women

combing out her

friend's tresses

Their faces are worked with special

third eats from a table, and others dance to the

and give one an impression of belonging

high family, as

sound of a harp.

Their Egyptian sisters are

in

the same
case.

may

well

have

amusing themselves

much

the

same way.

been the

The

face of

Ay

does not differ

Two

are dancing,

one accompanying her own

lute,

essentially
little

from those in the entrance, and but

profile

movements on the
of the small scale

while two companions

from the ink

on

PI. xxxi.

From

these

bear their part on the lute and harp.

In spite

three examples of careful

work we may perand of

its limits.

and the defaced condition of

haps form a true estimate of the capacity of the

the wall, the shufiling gait of the Oriental dancer

is

Egyptian
where

artist for portraiture

suggested as successfully as the lazy postures

The presence of the wife of Ay

else in

here, as every-

of the eunuchs outside.

the tomb,

is

very exceptional, but

The Balcoky.
ill

However wearisome the

may have become, we
caressing

repe-

her rank as nurse and tutoress of the Queen and

tition of this scene

could

handmaid
1

(?)

of the

King

fully justify

it.*

Gifts

spare this representation of the Queen and

little

her

daughters mutually

one
not

Cf. Peteie, Tell el

Amarna,

I.,

figs.

1,

13, for

nude

sculpture of the Queen.

The supposition that

clothing

another.

For though such

pictures were

exceptional,
in

few have come down to our time

might have been indicated in paint seems to fail, since by exception there is no sign that colour was ever applied to
this wall.
2 Hay remarks here that the heads of these dwarfs have been destroyed, " perhaps as being favourites.'' The note

any completeness. The youngest of the three can scarcely have been old enough to walk at
this time, as indeed her lack of hair suggests.

is

pertinent, for their faces are almost everywhere defaced,

Meanwhile the parents themselves are treated

as nurslings

perhaps by accident.
titles

of the

Aten, "the Father,"

his

who

These servants, for whom ridiculous and names are invented, and their mistress, who

stands apart without participating in the worship of Aten,

supports them by

hands with even more

solicitude than they themselves

offspring.

show

for their

The

features of all are well preserved

and are
the tomb
else.

likely to be

more authentic

here, in

of the Queen's parents, than anywhere

Were it not for the evident youth of the and her Egyptian aspect, I would have ventured to suggest that it was Tadukhipa herself under an Egyptian name, to whom the monogamous King would grant no higher title or relation than this. She would then be " the whom the dwarf Er-neheh had been jestingly queen" to
invite

comment.

princess

An
is

astonishing,

and indeed
is

a unique, feature

Her speedy disappearance would be by the King's repugnance to the alliance The dwarfs' curious titles might then have some playful
appointed " vizier."
easily explained

of the representation

that the whole family

reference to their Syrian names.

3

absolutely nude, so far as

we can

see.

One
so

can hardly believe that the reverence for reality

cut

fell

The stone on which the upper part of their bodies was out or was removed, but by good chance reached
at Cairo (PI. xxxviii.).

with which the King

far

the
*

Museum

is

credited led

him

Tenre, as a favourite of the Queen, also has a prominent

as

this,

but must suppose that he shared

place in

Tomb

i,

Cf. also p. 5 above,

22

THE BOCK TOMBS OP EL AMAENA.

in order of precedence.

are being showered on the proud pair, but the

At

the back the two

manner
be an

of their bestowal must,

from their nature,

royal chariots wait.^

sion apparently
foreigners
is

The most grudging admisgiven to the representative

artist's license, as little

founded on fact as

the nudity of the royal family.

(Negro,

Libyan,

North and South

Egyptian
inter-

Since the gifts of the

King

are certain in this

Syrian), accompanied
preters.

by

their

case to represent those things

which would most

Scribes

follow and

then squads of

delight the heart of a high-born

pair, they are worth enumerating
:

and wealthy

police

and mercenaries, who seem to form an

to
?)

escort

a group

of

ofiicials

(officers

of the

18 double necklaces of gold beads, two at least

of

Treasury

in charge of

two small

chests.

Then

them

fitted

with pectorals.

come bands of soldiery, including four standardbearers,

2 plain necklaces.
5
collars,

no

doubt

of

threaded

faience

Negro bowmen, and spearmen from Libya and Syria. The Egyptians (?) are armed with

trinkets.

what look
sort.

like sand-bags,

but

may
is

be

officers'

fillets,

probably of the same

(?)

batons.

An

advanced position

necessarily

4 golden 2 metal

cups, two with a

foot,

two without.

occupied by the acting scribes,

like

who

look strangely

(?) vases.

gentlemen of the

press, so eager

do they

5 signet rings.
1

appear in the pursuit of their profession.

Then
all,

pair of gloves.

comes a group of high

bearers,
earliest representa-

officials,

including fanthe

12 pairs of plain armlets.^

and

lastly,

as
(?)

the highest of

We
in

have here, surely, the

high-priest of

Aten

and the

vizier.

A place
band

tion of gloves.

Nor do

they, I think, reappear

in the front, however, is also reserved for a

Egyptian

pictures.

One would suspect an

of position would be in

of mimes, who seem to perform the part of the

jester in a

Eastern origin for them, since the most urgent

Western

court, manifesting the public

need for them by a

the

man

opinion on the day's proceedings in comic gesture

Ay's duty.

management At any

of horses, and this

rate the picture

was exactly
would lead
outside the

and perhaps even in merry gibe or exaggerated

encomium.*

us to think that
rare possession.

Ay was

intensely proud of this

as he
is

Outside the Courtyard (Plates xxx., xliv.).

It

As soon

was a pretty fancy to make the Aten shed his

if

gates of the palace he puts

them

to his friends (PI.

them on and exhibits xxxi. ). Nor has he any

round to
in wild

rays also upon the gate, as

blessing those

who

enter even into the outer courts of the King.

reason to be dissatisfied at the impression which

Nevertheless two warders as well

keep guard

they make
see

for the bystanders press

lift

with whips.
gates
;

Ay

is

seen emerging

from the
is

and stroke them,

up

their
fall

arms

he

is

loaded with jewellery and

wearing

astonishment, and are ready to

down and do

the presentation gloves.^

Servants follow him

homage to him and them indiscriminately. The crowd within the courtyard seems ranked
^

I do not include the gifts of Plate xxx., which I take

The top of the picture represents distance, and thus probably here a position near the gates, which must have admitted a broader road than the artist grants.
^ ^
=

to be a repetition,
there,

though some small

toilet vases are

but T have reckoned the

least

collars

which

Ay

added and Tyi

They are seen

Cf. PI. iv.

also in II., xxxviii.

III., xiv.

have already donned.

-

The whole

of this group, together with the cheering

At

Ay

appears outside with them on, and

it is in

saises further on, are only

collars,

itself
(cf.

probable that earrings and bracelets would be given They may, however, be represented by III., xvii.).
above, though those are
distinctly

executed in black ink. The however, have been drawn in red ink to represent gold, as also the arm-bands and the gloves. Both the latter,

the rings mentioned

flattened

on one

side, like signet-rings.

indeed, have been coloured solid red, so that the gloved hands are indisputable. The marking of the fingers does

! :

THE TOMB OP
carrying the
royal presents

AY.

23

on

trays,

and at
Three
his

"Look
see

to the stool
is

and the

sack, that

we may

the sight his friends and the

men

of the patrol

what

being done for Ay, the father of the

is

greet

him with

cheers and prostrations.

to

god."

The reply
:

more boy-like than accomI'll

chariots are
friends.
Still

in waiting

convey

Ay and

modating

" Don't be long, (or)

be

off

and

keep them,
further in the background are the military
six standards are planted

my

master

"
!

SouTHERiir

Doorway
xi.,

(Plates

xxxi.,
fol.

xxxii.).^
;

posts,

where

on three

Previous copies
fol.

: Hay, MSS.,
i (hntel and

29847,

66
;

298U.
culte

platforms, two on each.

to

They belong apparently two regiments, the square standards being borne by troops dressed in a simple loin-cloth,
while those whose emblem
is

13.

L'HoTE, Papiers,
46.^

38 (sketch of
left

lintel)

Lepsids,

D., III., 105/, 107

jamb).

Mon. du

d'Atonou,

I., p.

The

lintel

of

this

door-framing

is

almost

the sun-shade add

to this a long but girt-up tunic.

By

totally destroyed, nothing

now remaining but

and
his wife,

each platthe figures of

form a sentry

Ay

(headless)

with

sits

on a cushioned

fauld-stool.

The courtyard wall has shut out from

the spectacle within, but they

her
their eyes

titles.

The jambs

are in even a worse state,

only a few hieroglyphs and the kneeling figures

at the foot surviving (Plate xxxi.).

keep in touch

with what

is

going on by help of the street boys,

fro

who run

to

and

showed the
titularies

figures

and prayers of

and bring the news.

the gate hears the din and
is

The lintel Ay and Tyi on

Translations

The sentry nearest

asks eagerly
:

either side of a design

formed of cartouches and

disc.

" For
?

whom

under the radiant

this rejoicing
:

made,

The reply is given rejoicing is being made for Ay, the father of the god, along with Tyi. They have been made " people of gold To which the very unsoldierly"
!

my

boy

being " The

of the texts will be found on pp. 33, 34.

C.

Ay and

Tyi.

The
for
it

intrinsic interest of this

tomb

is

supple-

mented by our knowledge of Ay's

is

later career

looking sentry ejaculates

are

"

You
(?)

will see.
!

These

generally

acknowledged

that

he

is

the beauties of the age

"

The news

identical with that

does not reach the second sentry so quickly. " Hasten " he cries " go see the loud rejoicing
! ;

throne of

King Ay who ascended the Egypt after the death of one or more of
This identification with

Akhenaten's successors.

mean, who
is
it.

it

is

and come back at a run."

taste.

The errand
" I will do
city

thoroughly to the urchin's

the King, on the ground of similarity of name, wife's name, and the title " father of the divinity,"

Behold

me

"

The boys
a friend sits

of the
tale

has gained

new

force

and interest by the arguthe sense ot

have already brought a highly-coloured

;

ments which Professor Borchardt has brought

forward for giving to that
" father-in-law of the King."
1

to the third sentry

for

when

down
"
?

title

to chat

and

asks " For

:

whom are

they rejoicing

he

is

able to reply

" Rise up and you will see

Ashet

is

used of the King's throne,

III., xiii.
its

Thenfet

this is the

good thing which Pharaoh (L.P.H.

is
!)

has done for Ay, the father of the god, and Tyi

a rare word, but the picture makes here, if it is not a slang use.

meaning plain

Pharaoh (L.P.H.
boys are

!)

has given to them millions of

all

loads of gold and

manner

of riches

"

The

2 The lintel is reproduced from the plate of Lepsius, with one or two emendations from Hay. I have also thought to get nearer the original by taking the head of Ay on the

more fortunate than the

sentries in

outer
^

jamb

as a model.

leaving their duties.

We

see one

handing over

This plate seems to have been drawn from the same source as mine.
*

a bag and stool to a comrade with the words

not necessarily imply that the gloves were fingered. They are more likely to have been undivided, as in the sculptured
examples.

BoECHAEDT,
p. 254.

Beviclit d. Konigl. Sachaiechen GesellscJiaft,

LVII.,

it not mean directly " father of the Queen," the heiress to the throne being considered divine in nature? Tyi is not suckler and nurse of the King (ib., p. 263), but of the Queen ; for as Nefertiti's name is

May

24

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

If the right to the throne lay with Nefertiti, It is unpleasant to turn

from

this

pleasing

as her titles

may
it is

indicate, they

must then have

Queen of
real

picture of the King's

wife's family as well

happy
as

relations with his

passed to her through her mother Tyi, the wife

of Ay, and
possible that Tyi,

his own, the

winning

thoughts of Ay's hymn, his exuberant expressions

of loyalty,

Amenhotep

III.,

assumed the name of the

and the charming examples

his

of the

heiress to conceal her non-royal birth.

Ay, to

new

art

which adorn

tomb, to the impressions

whom
also

Tyi was given in marriage, was probably

gained from the burial-chamber of the same

as King.

man

of high birth,

though

his

titles

are

not

For he had proved so

false

to his

extremely imposing.

Tyi's titles

show that the

at this time
in years

former faith that his few monuments show him

in adoration of the
his

pair cannot have been very

young

whole Egyptian Pantheon, and

and must have been advancing

when
If

burial-place exhibits the stiffest

and worst

Ay came

to the throne
it

by right of
is

his wife.

features of the

Theban

style.

One

genial touch,

Benretmut, as

appears,

their second daughter,

however, distinguishes both the

tombs.
life,

first

and

last

whom
train,

her

sister,

the Queen, had taken into her

That love of nature, of bird and plant

her separation from her parents in the

which the religion of the Aten exhibited, and

picture must be due to etiquette at El Amarna, which did not permit the children of the deceased to be shown on the walls, nor even their wives,

on which
is

Ay

seems especially to have fastened, tomb, where the old

reflected again in his last

King, remembering past days and the private

pleasures of the former Master of the Horse,

unless these

had

special relations to the Queen.^

had

Since

Ay owed

his special position near the

King

himself depicted, against the custom of kings, as

to his wife, Tyi appears with her

husband on
he receives

engaged in a day's sport in the marshes in a

thoroughly

every

occasion,

and

even

when

human

way.^

honours from the King.

The

titles

accorded to

Ay

in his

tomb

are

The
as

portrait of

Ay

in this

be in disaccord with his features

tomb seems not to when he appears

for the

1.

(j

^7 " Father of the divinity,"

King on

the walls of his sepulchre in the Westif

2-

fe I ? J
1
ffii

" Bearer of the fan on the

ern valley at Thebes,

we make allowance
;

right
3.

hand of the King,"

conventional style adopted there

and the head of

^^
'

" Acting Scribe of the King,

Queen Tyi
a face

II.

at

Ekhmim
PI.

is

in striking

harmony

beloved by him,"

with that shown in

xxxix., both exhibiting

somewhat

plain
the

and sharp-featured.^
all

the horses of His Majesty,"

definitely attached to

first

ofiice

(PI.

xxiv.), so the

determinative of the Queen wearing the double feather belongs to the word ntr{t) or ntri{t), not to shd-t (Hay shows
the double feather quite clearly in both occurrences of the title on the lintel also).
^

besides

many complimentary
"Companion"
1'
"

epithets, including
(PI.

that of [1^||,

xxxii.),

and

The exceptions The head

of

(II., xxiii.,

and IV.,

xlv.) occur only in

^
the

ffi

P ? iS

^^^^

^ *^
;

Companions of
col.

the shrine.
2

King"

(Pis. xxxii., col. 4

xxv.,

12).

Ay

as

King and that

113
a,

of

Tyi as Queen are

L., B., III.,

reproduced in

L., D., III.,

296.

113

c.

"

25

CHAPTER
A.
1.

IV.

THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.

Hymns and Peayees.
HYMN OP PABENNEFER.
(Plate
iii.).

"

'

[For] the A:aof the Royal Craftsman, he

(of

who

lares the

hands

the King), Parennefer

2.

(?).'

South Thickness.

HYMN OP

TUTU.

Previous copies: Hav, MSS., 29814, fol. 16 2 Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., Ixiv.
;

fol.

28; 29847,
Aten],

South Thickness.
Previous copies are
fol.

(Plate xv.).'
:

"An
illumines

ascription of praise
(?)

to

the

[living

who

Hav, MSS., 29814,

III.,

fol.

12

29847,

men
life,

every land with his beauty, at whose dawning all (and to) the ha of the King, who lives on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-en-ra, giving
live
;

14; Lepsius, D.,

107 a; Mon. du

culte d'Atonou,

I. Iiii.8

" [Praise to thy ia,]

for ever

Horakhti-Aten,

who

givest

life,

the Origin of Fate and Creator of Nursing, Lord of

burial. Giver of old age,

Lord
is

of the

term of

life,

in the

whose vigour there there is Ufe and health.

of

day

prosperity.'

At

sight of thee
(?)

(When) one awakes

one

[adores] thy fair face.

and ever ; (and to) thy favourite the King (sic) who lives on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, thy child who issued from thy rays. Thou hast established him in thine office of King of South and North Egypt (and) as ruler of that which Aten encircles. Thou hast given eternity to
him, even as thou hast
part of thee
tion, i" the
(?),'

"May

he grant a

life

happy in following the King,

*

made

thyself, (him)
fulfil
(it)

thy son, a

pleasure and joy every day, (and as) the close of this a

that [he]

may

with thy dura-

goodly burial by the favour

(?)

of the

good [god], entrance

son of the sun [Akhenaten] great in his duration

provided with favours of his giving.

[and exit] in the house of the King and that his body be For the ka of the

(and to) the chief wife of the King, Nefer-[neferu-]aten[Nefertiti],

[2]
".
. .

favourite of the good god, servant of the

King when he
of

who lives for ever and ever. (When) thou [dawnest] (and)
.

illuminest the

was a
"
of

child,

Royal Craftsman,^ he who laves the hands

[His Majesty, Paren]nefer,

who

lives

anew.
son.

He

saith,

'

Grant thy duration to thy beloved

sed-festival.

Lord

on thy beloved son and thy hand holds life and pleasure (?). Thy love is great and broad ; (thou) sparkiest in thy proud colours ; thou floodest
thy rays^"^
(fall)
'

Two Lands,

the

Two

Lands, []Srefer-kheperu-]ra.

Further him"

As

the text in Mon. du culte d'Atonou

it

is

a collation,

with
life

Let thy rays be with

(his)

I thought

best to ignore

it

in preparing

my

own, and

and strength, invigorating

[old age

limbs daily

obtained an independent text from the copies of

Hay and
show

eternity in Akhetaten, propitiating thy ha daily.

to

Grant

Lepsius.

me

(?)

happy

A comparison
is

of our plates will therefore

in the] favour of the King, follow-

how

strong

the confirmation of the text

now

presented.

ing his ka every day, a lifetime happy in seeing the Lord

of the

Two Lands

When

on the point

of printing, I learnt of the existence

without failure in his beauty.

1 The editor, in supervising my translations of these and other broken texts, has again made so many and such valuable contributions that both in this chapter and elsewhere they must be regarded as our joint work.

by the I was furnished with a copy drawn from these. Though few changes resulted, the assurance gained in a large number of doubtful readings was of enormous value, since confidence
of squeezes in the

Museum

at Berlin (No. 502), and,

stafi",

extreme kindness of Dr. Ranke, one of the

Whence
Read
Or

the restorations in the plate.

in

a text

is

of almost as great

importance as

its

actual

correctness.
3

IP""^^^^the
favourites,"

"among

reading
n

Extant signs are printed in solid black. ' Breasted has given a translation from
in Becords, II., p. 415.
^

his

own

copies

\._y (squeeze).

Surely an error.

9.9.^
^^

One would have expected

r

<s>-

o
11 6

For the word

cf.

PI. xxv., col. 18,

Read Y

for

(squeeze).

26

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

Thy son who
issued

heaven and earth with thy beauty.

to all that in his heart,

from thy body, worships thee and thou hearkenest for him
is

and

fulfillest it as it

proceeds
like

from his mouth.

Thou

lovest

him and makest him

Aten
living

(for

though) thou art in heaven thy rays are upon

him(?).i

[3]

[The King of South and North,

on Truth,] Lord of the

Two

Lands, N.

Thou hast

given birth to His Majesty even as thou givest birth to

thyself daily without ceasing.

Thou hast formed him by

fulfil

kheperu-ra] ' to whom life is given as (to) Aten, thy father, and who thrivest even as he. I do not that which is hateful to His Majesty falsehood in my inward parts is my abomination, as it is the extreme abomination of Ua-en-ra. for I know that he lives I present Truth to His Majesty thereon. Thou indeed art Ra, who produced Maat (Truth) My voice was not loud (?) thou hast set [9] in the King's house, nor my walk swaggering (lit. " broad ") in the palace. I did not receive the reward of falsity in
; ;

thine

own

rays, that

he might

the duration of Aten.

is

order to do violence to Justice on behalf of Crime.

On

the

(When) thou
favourest

traversest heaven his eye

on thy beauty,

contrary I did Right for the King,* I acted according to

his

exulting with joy at seeing thee, the living Aten.

Thou
its full
;

command

laid

him

(and)

all

that are under heaven to

(?)

bounty
[I do]

of Ua-en-ra

upon me. I have grown wealthy by the ; I have been ennobled by the rewards

extent, all that see thy rays, belong to thy son

as thou hast

even
heart

which he gave tome

not
(?)

....

[10]

the teaching.
lord guiltily to

made them
Son

(that) he

may gladden thy

my
the palace as

my

knowI

by them,
of

[4] [the

of the Sun, living

on Truth, Lord

ledge.

I do not set falsity in

my
me

inward parts.
because of

am
(?).

Diadems, Akhenjaten, great in his duration. "I have come with praise to the Aten, the living and

before

him

in

favourites

He

rose early every day to teach

my

zeal in

sole god.

Lord of rays for giving light. ^ Dawning in heaven and illumining the Two Lands, he gives life to all that he has created, he puts darkness to flight and sends
his rays (so that) every land is filled

performing his teaching.

evil.^

On no

occasion was I found in

[11]

the teaching of the Lord of the

I was precise and true, as the
in adoring

Two

Lands.

King knoweth
;

with his

love.

The

herbs and trees spring up to (greet) thy face ; the denizens of the waters leap at thy rising. All men rise up in their
places
;

my
"

life (?)

(lies) i"

His Majesty

for I

am

his

follower.
'

they cleanse
all

[5] [their

limbs and take] clothing

their
tasks.

Let

me be

satisfied

with seeing thee.

My heart

begs

labourers of

kinds

do

(When) thou

that thou wouldest decree for

old age in the
cliff of

me

[goodly] burial [12] after

awakenest the Two Lands at thy dawning in thy form of the living Aten, their mouth is filled with plenty of thy
giving;
of cattle [rest on]* their herbage. and givest health. All men rise at thy dawning, for they have seen their lord when he appears, thy unique son, who issued from thy body, thou
all

Akhetaten

May
wind; which
N.,
is

I inhale thy sweet air of the North

manner
ills

fragrant in the incense of the service of

(?) is

Thou

dispersest

How prosperous the good pleasure of his father

god.
[13]
!

my

the King

who does

embracest him with thy bright rays [6] of heaven [When thou shinest] in thy ^ of the living Aten every land trips (?) to thy rising. rays hold millions of sed-iestiyals for thy son, who

Lord
form

Thy
lives

Grant me that my fame may be firmfounded on that which thou (?) " hast done ; may the fame of thy favourite not be to seek (i.e. may it be conspicuous), but may that which thou hast done abide and be named by

my (?) name
[14] "
'

for [me?].i2

on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, N., my god who fashioned and fostered me. Grant to me my eye seeing him, my arms adoring him, my ear hearing his tones, and
his spirit before

How
(?)

prosperous
!

is

he

whom

thou rewardest in
is

each of his

oflices

the offerings

of the

Aten

in

Akhetaten,

me

all scribes of

the

without ceasing.
;

King who know

his teaching
(lit.

" I was a servant favoured [by his lord] and his instruction are in my inmost heart
[7]

serviceableness,
this
(?)

" belly ")

whose hearts are expert in every one who lifts the foot to walk by

their business,

[tomb]

[unceasingly?]

Verily

speak

with
' The squeezes suggest that a cartouche tuted for the doubtful hieroglyphs here. ' Or, " the King's Right."

truth to his Majesty,^ for I

The Chief

Servitor of N. in

know ...
.

that he lives thereon. the temple of

:

is

to be substi-

Akhetaten, the Chamberlain, Tutu, saith lives on Truth, IST., I am a servant [8]

'

My

Aten in lord who

[Nefer-

Lit. "

My

occasion

was not found in any

-^

evil."

1
1

I adopt Hay's reading

it is

So

Hay

the squeeze
rea,d,

^^

against Dr.

Ranke's

is

illegible.

Perhaps

'upon

reading of the squeeze, as

XXV., 14.

earth" should be
^ It is better

as in

PL

xxvii., col. 3.

what one would

expect.

Cf

perhaps to read <2>- for <:=>, with and translate " Creator of light."
^ * ^
''

Hay

" One would rather translate "all that I have done"' but see below.
1^

Cf. Pis. xiv.

and

xxvii., cols. 4, 5.

Cf. PI. xxvii, col. 5.

last sign IS
13

Reading ^

with Hay.

Or perhaps,

"

His Majesty's Truth."

" and be honourably named." from Bouriant's copy. Supply "0! all ye priests who

Or perhaps simply

The

offer" or a similar

phrase.

THE KELIGIOtJS TEXTS.

the living Aten, say ye for him " Set him to Eternity,
living Aten,

^1

Thou embracest the lands with thy power

of the rays of
[3]

to the compass

He who

creates Himself.

Thou

art eternal,

Aten.

and likewise thy son Ua-en-ra, who issued from his body. Sweet breezes of the gift of the King's ha for the lea of the
Chamberlain, Tutu."
3.
'

" [The

King

of the

South and North?] N., a ruler of

love, great of marvels.

Thy

beauties are

many

(?).

"

colours of thy
he, the living

limbs are like the rays of

thy father.

The (When)
is

Aten, dawns,

all

that

....
as he

has created

tutu's address to posterity.

West Wall.
Previous copy
"

illumined

(?).

North
:

Side.

(Plate xix.).
I., lix

Thou (?) ^ (art) [4] of Thy limbs are ....

his nature, issuing (?)

is

beautiful in

Mon. du culte d'Atonou, " The Chamberlain, Tutu, saith

:

his
^

flesh

(While) he

exists

thou shalt
(?)

'

(exist)

eternally.
(?).

As
Thou

to

the
of

Aten,

thou
;

art

his

leaders

(?)

of

all

persons, scribes

[who know]

their
(?)

beloved Son
are

art

his nature

acclamations

business, [2] chief

wab

priests of the temple of Aten, pious

made

for

unto Aten, great ones

!

scribes

(?)

whose hearts
to Eternity
festivals,
^
;

thee to heaven [5] [great] in his duration.

He

sets thee

are [3] expert (?) in life Every one who desires to reach old age, interment and proper obsequies, (when) one is

thou shalt be everlasting

thou celebratest
as he rises

Enter ye my tomb and see how great is that which was done to me. I was a servant of [5] Ua-en-ra, the Ruler who lived on Truth.
sated [4] with
life,'

thou

whom Aten

fashions as often

hear for yourselves

and dawns in heaven to illuminate every land (?). [6] [Syria] and Kush are brought i with obeisances for thee to Akhetaten, they of the South
equally with

I followed

him and he was quick

(?)

(lit.

"he

rose early") to

them

of the North.

They prostrate themselves

of

reward me his mouth.

because [6] I performed what issued from I did not shelter (anyone) in any case of
[of] his

before thee and

make

salutations [7]
lord

Ra

fashions

thee,

the

Destiny,

who
it

creates

wrong-doing * in any business

Majesty.

[7] I

was
^
;

length of days, N., a heaven which holds the living

Aten
the
(?)

the supreme mouthpiece in the entire land, in expeditions,

and in which are

nostril
^^

breezes.

Thou hast given

[8]

to

works and
as to
[8]

crafts,

and

[of] all

persons living and dead

all

of

thy favourites.

cattle

the ambassadors of

the foreign lands, I an-

with all kind of roast fowl (?)

Its fields
(?)

water (?) therein.

life.

nounced their words to the palace, I being [9] every day. I came out to them as the messenger of the King, possessed of every rule of [His] Majesty. [I directed] [10] the work on his monuments. I was first in my rank (of ?) Ami-khent, being pure (?) for Ua-en-ra
. .

are full of wealth, abounding in

(?)

They are

barred
see
(?)

'^

against any spoliation

of them.
(?)
;

[9]

by means

As

to Aten, he shines in

...

according to thy

ordinance.

All thy favoured ones see

(?) is

him there shining

[He]
[

(but) the spoiler

(?)

(doomed) to the

place of destruction
4.

SECOND HYMN OF TUTU.

(Plate xxi.).

[10]
all

is

the Sun, a nature excellent towards

men,

West Wall.
PI. Ivi.

South Side.
:

Previous copy

Bouriant, Mon. du andpp. 114-117.

N.?

culte

d'Atonou,

I.,

Thou formest him

(?)

in order that he
(?)

may
[11]

travel on the road

of six

in the midst of(?)the fields

(?),

child (?) of the Aten, a living Ra, [1] " great of love, at whose decree the land lives. When thou openest thine eyes [2] the land (?) abounds with wealth

measured with a rod

the body clothed

filled
. . .

with

fine linen

.... by
[12]

thy bounty, his house

in

so that (when) he calls to one of a

thousand [he ?]

which thou hast decreed

hast borne
all

(?).

Thou

art the

mother who

answers
sails (?)

(?). ^3

He

voyages

the

barge

....

he

mankind and brought up

is

millions

by thy

bounty.

Thy might

a wall of brass of millions of cubits.'

having a crew, provided with rudder (?) according to the decree of the Ruler who establishes [men],
the son of the Sun, Akhenaten, great in his duration, and the chief wife of the King,

Supplying

^^ ^
col. 14.

(?)
j

whom

he loves

(?),

[13] [Nefer-

'^

See prayer above,

Reading

^^^||.
^

^^

Mon. du
to
<=^

culte d'Atonou, I.,

PL

Ivi.

Emending

Emending

Cf. XXV., col. 18.

Mon. du

culte

to
is

"dead,"

perhaps to be read in place of y

it.

d'Atonmi reads
H
'^^

^^ ^ O p
(Mon.

m. iJIm
du
culte

or immediately following
6

Read

i-i''^

d'Atonou

and

my

whether the inscription ended here or with a view to filling the entire space between was composed this and the praying figure of Tutu, which affords room
It is not clear
for

photographs).
11

Read

^^
I

(ib.).

about twelve columns more.

Of. v.. PI. xxix., line 9.

The text seems incom12 13

plete, as it
'

contains neither praise nor prayer.

Reading

Of. v., XV.

28

THE BOCK TOMBS OP EL AMABNA.

living for ever
:

titi],

and

ever.

The Chamberlain, Tutu,

[in]

[2]

" Praise to thee

when thou dawnest on

the horizon,

saith

living Aten, lord of Eternity,

and an obeisance when thou

"

'

I relate

my

heart,

....

thy
.

....
.

in

my inward
is

parts

[14]

...
Aten

dawnest in heaven to illumine every land with thy beauty. " Thy rays (rest) on thy beloved son, thy hands [3] hold

How

salutary

the teaching of Ua-en-ra, which I the

have put (?) in my heart to do it who formed him [15] he unto a heap (?) of riches as many as
horizon
lives

listens to Truth,

eastern

[16]

millions,

the

Sun (Ra) who

on Truth, N.

all

ye who follow him, listen to the

teaching of Ua-en-ra

.... Truth

[17] he descends to the execution

flesh.

and the flame devours his The Aten dawns .... thou seest Ra, rejoiciug (?) [18] the concerns of the body for
Thine eyes are uplifted
(?)

and North, Thou transferrest Thou hearkenest [4] to him thy duration and thy years. Thou lovest him for him to that which is in his heart. and makest him like Aten. (When) thou dawnest eternity (when) thou settest thou givest to him is given to him everlastingness. Thou producest him in the morning like thy changes thou formest him as thy image [5] like
millions of sed-festivals for the of South

King

N., thy child,

who

issued from thy rays.

Aten, a ruler of Justice,

of the

who
his

issued from eternity, a son

Sun who upholds

beauty and conducts to him

every one.
of

to

(?)

see the circuit

the produce of his rays, the

King

of

Aten
body swathed, a distant people
(?)

They have

(?)

Egypt, living on Truth, Lord of the

Two

South and North Lands, N., (and)

lives for ever

[19] the

whom

the Ruler

the chief wife of the King, Nefertiti,

who
says,

judges
let

[20]
;

and

ever.

him become an enemy among you

on which your fame
is

let

him be clothed
according
clifi"

[6]

" The father of the god,

etc..

Ay,

'

Hail to thee,

with
[21] wealth,

the living Aten, who, dawning in heaven, floodest hearts

established
;

to the decree of the Ruler, beautiful

in the resting-place
till

....

[22] Syria

their hearts are [7] glad for He that hath created

they

who

are scrupulous for

him reach

it

...

Aten,

like

[him?]

....
his

eternal, [23] Nefer-kheperu-ra.'

^

[The
[His]

Every land is in festival at his rising with acclamations of their lord ; him dawns upon them. (When) thy son presents Truth to thy fair face, with delight thou seest him who issued from thee, the son of Eternity who
(with his beams).
issued from [8] Aten, serviceable to Him who able to him, gratifying the heart of Aten.
;

Chamberlain, Tutu,]

saith

'
:

My

lord, sole

one of Aten,

was

service-

who upholds
Majesty
[24]

name, his son

His Majesty

my breath of life is to see him daily, Ua-en-ra, my (?) .... daily. Thou .... my name (?), my .... of life with wealth .... King. [25] He teaches me. Lo! I tell
you something worth hearing.
belongs to the Ruler.

(When) he dawns in heaven, he rejoices at his son he embraces him with his rays he gives to him eternity as a King like the [9] Aten, N., my god who made me and fostered my ka.
;

Grant that I may be

ceasingly,

satisfied

with the sight of thee unlike

The Ruler

is

Light

my

lord,

constituted

Aten, abounding in
=^

burial, [26] salubrity, delight.

Lo

it

May

he grant

wealth, a Nile [10] pouring forth (waters) daily, who gives life to Egypt, silver and gold like the sands of the shores.

(when) he [27] dawns, he does his will

against

The land awakes

thou

to acclaim (him), prosperous

him who ignores his teaching and his favour towards him who knows him. When thou listenest to the King .... the darkness (?) the rays of the
[Aten]
the [28] Ruler.
(?)
;

by

his bounty.

whom Aten
"The

bore, thou art to Eternity, N., living

thee.'
etc..

and thriving even as he formed

[11]

When
Aten
(?)

father of the god,

Ay,

he

saith, 'I

rises
(?)

the

was one
I
fol-

loyal to the

King who

fostered

Nile prospers and waters the land

festival

the fields

him, punctilious towards

are in

the Lord of the

Two

[29]

....
(?)

Lands, serviceable to his lord.

lowed the
his

me with

his wealth.

They are

in joy

every despoiler

Aten.'"
5.

His Majesty as his favourite, seeing [12] beauty when he appeared in his palace. I was head of
spirit of
all

HYMN OP

AY.

the great ones, the companions of the Bang,* chief of those that follow His Majesty He
set

Truth in
;

my
xv.,

inward parts
like

falsehood was

East Thickness.

my

abomination

Pis. xxv., xxxviii., xxxix.

(for) I

knew that
being wise

Ua-en-ra,

my

lord,

rejoiced

Previous copies'":
p.

Daeessy, Becueil de Travaux,

thereat, [13]

he

Aten and

truly

45

"An
(of)

Mon. du cuUe d'Atonou, I., xix., xx. (Photograph). adoration of Aten, who gives life for ever and ever

understanding.

He
I was

multiplied for

me my rewards
excellent

of silver

and

gold.

chief of the great ones,

South and North, N., the son of the Sun, A., great in his duration, (and of) the chief wife of the King, Nefertiti, living for ever and ever.
the
of

King

head of the
character

reJchyt.

My
my

achieve-

ments and
position.^

my

(made)

present

^
^

Cf. v.,

ii.,

Hne

Mon. du

culte d'Atonou.

Now
is

13, for this

injured.

and many other borrowed

Cf p 33

A translation
own copy

phrases.
^ '

of the

hymn

given by Breasted from

Or

his

in Records, II., p. 409.

" head of the companions of the King."

Cf. v., PI. iv.,

and

p. 17.

THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.

[14]

29

"'

My lord taught me and I do his teaching. My life

I

(consists) in adoring his ka.

am
is

satisfied in following

Hymn
Ay.

to the Aten.
Plates xxvii.,^
xli.

him.

My

breath by which I live

this North- wind, this

Myriad of Niles, pouring forth waters daily, N. [15] Grant to me a life extended by thy favours. How happy is thy favourite, Son of the Aten All that he does is stable and thriving, and the bounty of the Lord of the Two Lands is with him to eternity. Such a one is satisfied with life and reaches [16] old age.
!

West
I.,

Thickness.

Previous

copy
2
;

Boueiant,

Mission
culte

Archeologique.
d'Atonou,
I.,

Tome
"

p.

revised in

Mon. du

Pi. xvi.

and

p. 30.

An

adoration of Horakhti-Aten,

who

lives for ever

and

ever, the living

festival, lord of

and great Aten, who

all

is

within the sed-

lord, who establishes man, determines (his) lifeand creates a happy destiny for his favourite (so that his) heart rests on truth and falsehood is his abomina'

"

O my

that

Aten

encircles, lord of

heaven,
(of)

course,

lord of earth,* lord of the house of

Aten

in

Akhetaten,

the

King

of

South and North Egypt, living on Truth, Lord

Lands, Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-en-ra, the Son of

tion,

how
!

prosperous
is satisfied

is

he who

listens to

thy teaching of
;

of the

Two

by seeing thee unceasingly [17] his eyes see the Aten daily. Grant to me a happy old age as thy favourite. Give to me goodly burial by the command of thy ka in my tomb, which thou hast commanded for me, that I may rest therein in the mountain of Akhetaten, the resting-place of the elect, and the sound of thy [18] sweet
voice in the chapel of the Benben.
"
'

LIFE

He

the Sun, living on Truth, Lord of Diadems, Akhenaten,

great in his duration, (and of) the chief wife of the King,

whom
ever.'

he

loves.

Nefertiti,

Lady of who has life,

the

Two

Lands, Nefer-neferu-aten-

health and youth for ever and

Thou doest what

is

grateful to thy father the living

!

the right hand of the King, His Majesty, he who gives the horses of satisfaction in the whole land, the favourite of the good

" The Bearer of the

all

Fan on

Overseer of

Aten.

May

he

set

thee to eternity, (even) to eternity

he further thee with sed-f estivals in number ^ like the sand-dunes (if) one measures (them) with a bushel ; as one reckons the sea, when measured by [19] zavets ;^ (as) one learns the tale of the mountains when hung in the balance,
or the feathers^ of birds, or [20] the leaves
sed-festivals of the
(?)

May

god, the father of the god. Ay [2], saith " Thy rising ' is beautiful on the horizon of heaven,
:

living

Aten, who dispensest

life.

(When) thou dawnest on

above every
bringest
(to)

the eastern horizon thou fiUest every land with thy beauty.

Thou
land.

art splendid, great, radiant, uplifted

of trees
ever,

Thy
after

rays embrace the lands

to

the extent of all

;

King Ua-en-ra,

for ever

and

and

that thou hast

with a royal length

of life [21] for the chief wife of the

King,

them

their

made [3]. Thou art Ra thou number and subjectest them

thy

whom

he

loves,

who

unites her beauties and propitiates the

^ The lacunae in this plate have been filled up from Boueiant's copy, the extent of present gaps being marked by a light outline and by broken lines of partition, also in

[22] pleasant voice and with her beautiful hands holding [23] the sistrums, the Lady of the Two Lands, May she be by Nefertiti, who lives for ever and ever. the side of [24] Ua-en-ra for ever and ever, even as heaven Thy father the stands firm [25] with all that it holds. Aten dawns in heaven to protect thee [26] every day, even

Aten with her

a few cases by dotted hieroglyphs.

as he has borne thee. " Grant to me pure food which has gone into thy presence,
'

The text of Bouriant admits of some distrust in badly preserved passages, but it must be remembered that we have no copy before us from
his

own hand.

from [27] the surplus of thy father Aten, by the gift of Grant that [28] my lea may be lasting and thy ka. thriving for me as when I was on earth, following thy ka, [29] one for whom there was a procession* of honour to
the resting-place of the elect.
rest in
it,

The text is discussed by Breasted in his De Wymnis in Solem, and a passage of it (with revised text) in A. Z.,
1901,
p. 53.

Translations have been furnished by Gbiffith

in Petrie, History, II., p. 215,

Literature,
p.

(for)

my mouth
it,

[30]

Thou hast allowed me to held truth, my name was

5225, by Eeman,

Religion, p. 64,

and

(partially)

and Library of the World's Handbook of Egyptian by Maspeeo, Struggle of the

mentioned because of

as thou didst decree.

as every companion of thine, following thy

May I be May I ka.

Ay,
living

Nations, pp. 321-3.

*
I

should have been printed in the plate.

come secure
anew.
1

of

thy rewards after old

age.'
'

"For the ka

of the Bearer of the fan, etc..

It will be observed in the photographs that the

name

of

Ay

in front of his figure follows immediately

upon the

There

is

here a play on the words mtn.w, " further,''

the number."

end of the first column of the hymn, though in a separated and narrower column. As the praying figure indicates the

and mi

tn.w, " like

col. 6.

For the former word

see

PL
2

iii.,

whom the prayer is attributed, the speaker, and the subject to " he says
person to
col. 2.

Ay
"

is

obviously

at the top of
titles

Mr.

Griflath suggests that this

may be

the cubic quarter

I do not doubt, therefore, that the

name and
col. 1.

of a lieqat.
3
*

of

Ay

are to be taken as a continuation of

The

The word seems

Of. PI. xxxiii.,

to be determined

by a

bird's wing.

point

is of

importance, as

it

removes

all

textual ground for

East column.

attributing the

hymn

to the King.

30

THE BOCK TOMBS OP EL AMARMA.

Thou
art distant, but thy rays are

beloved son.i
earth. ^

on the
(?)

Thou

art in (their) faces,

and they watch

thy

goings.

from (within) the egg. (When) he comes forth from the egg he can chirp with all his might he runs on his feet when he comes forth from it.
;

" (When) thou settest on the western hoi'izon the earth

'

"

'

How

manifold are the things which thou hast made

sight,

is

in darkness, in the likeness of death.

;

They

lie

down

in

a chamber with their heads wrapped up

its fellow.

one eye seeth not

other

They are hidden from Thou hast created them is rival.'

[8] sole god, to

whom none
thy heart

for

(Though)

all their

goods which are under their

know (it) not. [4] Every aU the serpents bite ; (for) the darkness is (their) ambush (1).^ The land is in silence (for) he who made them rests in his horizon.
heads be taken from them, they
lion

(when) thou wast alone, mankind, cattle, all manner of animals, all that are upon earth going on foot,' and as

Cometh forth from his den

many
each each

Syria and

as are aloft flying with their wings, the nations of Kush and the land" of Egypt. Thou assignest

"

'

When the land

brightens, thou dawnest on the horizon

of the daytime.

man to his place, thou suppliest their needs (so that) man has his sustenance, reckoning his term of life.
;

and shinest as Aten

darkness.
in festival
(for)

When
;

away thou sendest thy rays the Two Lands are

drivest
(?)

Thou

Their tongues are diverse in speech

their natures, [9]

and

even their complexions, are

distinct.

(For thus) thou

and stand upon thou hast raised them up. They cleanse
mortals
arise

(their) feet

distinguishest the strange peoples.

their limbs
it

'"Thou makest the Nile

at thy pleasure to give

in the under-world
life

(and) take [5] clothes ; their arms are (uplifted) in praise at thy rising; the whole land performs its labours.

and bringest mankind, as thou hast to

made them

for thyself, their lord to the uttermost

who

is

Animals

of

all

kinds rest on their pastures

;

trees

and
their

herbage grow green

leap

birds flutter in

their nests,
spirit.

them, (as well as) the lord of every land, weary who dawns for them, the Aten of the daytime, great of
because of
awe.i"^

wings (outstretched) in praise to thy

All cattle

manner of flying and fluttering things [6] have life* when thou dawnest for them.^ The ships, too, go down and up the stream (for) every road opens at thy rising. The fish in the rivers glide to greet
upon
their feet, all
;

" 'As to every distant nation thou makest them to live. Thou hast set a Nile in heaven which descends for them [10] and makes waves on the mountains like the great

deep, moistening their fields in their settlements.

excellent are thy ways,

How
art
^^

thee
in

"

thy rays penetrate the deep

sea, creating (too) issue

life

Lord

of Eternity

Thou
all

women and producing

seed in mankind,' giving

to

Nile in heaven for the strange nations and for

beasts that go

the wild

the son in his mother's

stills

his weeping, being a nurse within

life

womb, soothing with that which [7] the womb,

into all that

upon

foot

(but) a Nile

which issues from

:

the under-world for Egypt.

Thy

rays nurse every field

giving air in order to put

He

has made.

When
his

he issues from the

womb
(?)

birth,

thou openest his mouth duly

the day of and suppliest

his needs.

when thou dawnest they live and thrive for thee. " Thou makest the seasons to foster all that thou hast made [11] the winter to cool them and the summer heat that they (?) may taste thee. Thou hast made the heaven afar
' :

"

'

A young bird
him

in the egg chirps within the shell, (for)

an- inside it to

off'

in which to shine
art one
;

and look on

all

that thou hast made.'^^

thou givest to him

givest to

impart

life

to

him
it

thou

Thou
again

but thou shinest in thy changing forms as the

his full form, so that

he breaks

(the egg)

living Aten, rising, gleaming,

(?).

becoming distant, approaching

millions
villages,

Thou

didst
self

make
cities,

of
fields,

formations

For this column thus

out of thy single

far, see V.,
ii.,

which gives the

river.

road and
art

variants
I

and

O for
Q.
II

All eyes see thee opposite them.

[12]

Thou

Aten

and

and

of the day-time aloft.

all

When

thou didst depart, when thou mightest

men whose

the reading
2 ^ *

V\

faces thou didst create that

(?)]

not see [thine

own

self [alone

?]

Cf. PI. XV., col. 2.

(Though) thou art in

my

heart, there

is

none

For the passage compare IV., iv. Or, " all winged (insects) fly they
:

live.''
'

An

error

of

the scribe

Cf. I., xxxvi.. III., xxix.

for

Cf. IV., xxxii., col. 4.

For

parallels to the

r whole passage
I
I

Literally

"on two

feet"

but this restriction

is

plainly

not intended.
'"

see IV., xxxiii.

(p. 29).

must be an error for

"

'

...

Lit.

to thy face."
is

Read

A'

^^ (?),

'

The writer

led

by the thought of the rays which

the sun setting in the far west as weary of his task, but rising again in awful majesty.
is of
12

" The

thought

if

penetrate the deep waters to the manifestation of creative

Emending

to

(1

V^ '^=^.

Only the heavenly Nile

power in the recesses of the human body, where the vital The hieroglyphic sign for fluids have their rise and place. " woman " shows the simple anatomical idea on which the
analogy
is

(the rain) can benefit the desert-dwellers

and foreign
hills,

lands,

and there
river of

it

descends in torrents from the

is

unlike the

Egypt, whose source

not traceable.

based

"

Cf. Part IV., p. 29.

"

THE EELIGIOUS TEXTS.

that knoweth thee other than thy son,
IST.

81

Thou hast

caused him to be skilled in thy ways and thy power. "'The land depends on thee, even as thou hast

made
settest

them
they
thee.

die.

when thou dawnest they live, when thou Thou in thyself art length of days life
;

For the ka " (as above). Tutu. Door Left Jamb. Plates xv., xxxiv.^ Mariette (v. supra) ; Lepsius, D. Previous copies Text, II., p. 146 (partial) ; Mon. du culte d'Atonou, I., PI. lii.
2.
: :

"

Eyes are

(fixed) [13]

from on (thy) beauties until thou

is

Col. 1. (Titularies as before).

Col.

2.

"I have come

;

to thee,

living

Aten!
;

Truth
I do not
*

settest;

(then) all labours are set aside.

{i.e.

Thou

settest

has made her throne in me.

falsehood
[I

am

not insolent
is

on the right weal (?)]

foot,

the

West)

dawning, [thou bringest

All

do not] anything which

hateful

to thy
[to

for the King.

who run upon

son

....

Akhenaten, great in

his duration.

Grant

since ever thou laidest the foundations of the earth,

thou hast raised up for thy son who went forth from thy body, the King of South and North, Nefer-klieperu-ra,

who
he

lives

on Truth, the lord

of diadems,

Akhenaten, great

in his duration, (and for) the great wife of the King,

loves,

whom

me] water (?) " For the ka of the Overseer of all the commissions of the Lord of the Two Lands, Tutu, maakheru." Aten I make an Col. 3. " I have come to thee, Send thyself on thy obeisance to thy beautiful beams.
!

and air of the gift of the ka of the King.

Lady

of the

Two

Lands,

who

lives

and thrives

son

(?)

(for)

my

arms are in praise

(?)

for ever

and

ever.'

son of the sun, Akhenaten, great in his

duration, grant a reception of food in

the hall of the

B.
1.

Shorter Petitions.

Benhen.
"

Door: Right Jamb. Plates xiii., xxxi v. Previous copies Mariette, Voyage dans la Haute Egypte, PI. 18 (photograph) ' Mon. du culte d'Atonou,
:

Tutu.

For the

lea

of the Overseer of all

works

of

His Majesty,

Tutu, maakheru."
Col. 4.
" I

have come to thee,

is

O Aten

am
I

a servant

I., PI. lii.

Col.

1.

Titularies of Aten, the King,

:

commencing
Col.
2.

and the Queen, " (Long) live the Father, Horakhti-Aten."

whom ....

the Lord of the

He

it

Two Lands (?) who made me

like
(?)

fostered

am

sated (?)

with his wealth

Aten, great of

" I have come with praises to thy rays,

living
is

Aten, sole (god).

Thou

art

eternal.

Heaven

thy

temple in which thou makest thine appearance every [day] to give birth to thy son who issued from thy body, the

King

of

South and North [N.]

Jca

the

The son of the sun, Akhenaten [great in his duration]. Grant me thy bounty (?) for ever and ever. " For the ka of the Overseer of the silver and gold of the Lord of the Two Lands [Tutu], maakheru.'' Col. 5. " I have [come] to thee, Aten I adore thy
!

living Aten.

beauty.^
of the Chamberlain, Tutu, maakheru."

" For the

Col.
2.

He
in
(?)

issued from thee.

his
(?).

son of the sun, Akhenaten, [great

sight
of

" [I] have

come

[to] thee.

My mouth holds Truth,

;

duration],

grant

thee

Aten,

who

livest thereon.

I followed thy son

I did

daily
"

according to his achievements, TJa-en-ra, ruler of Truth,

For the ka
"

of the

Chamberlain, Tutu, maakheru."

in

son of Eternity, the living Aten, King of South and and thy ka before North, N. May he grant (1)

Col. 6.

son of the sun, Akhenaten

etc." (as above).

my

pavilion
"

(?)

unceasingly.

me

for ever and ever. " For the ha etc." (as above).

For the ka

Col. 7. "

son of the sun, Akhenaten

etc." (as above).

for

Col. 3.

"I have come

to thee.

My

arms adore
.

thee.
.
. .

ever and ever.

"

My

eyes see thee unceasingly.

Thou

art the breath

cliff of

For the ka

goodly burial in the

the true (?) resting-place. " For the Jca etc." (as above).

Akhetaten,

Panel. "

Aten.

May he grant it
thou hast issued
(?)

Thou

(?)

art satisfied with Truth

;

from him

thou

f ulfiUest his

duration

with
(?)

"I have [come] to himself (?).^ Thou hast given

Col. 4.

thee,

Aten, who created

....

to the place every day.

May

he grant

birth to thy son

she listens to Ua-en-ra.

Grant
"

eternally.

like the elect.

For 3. Tutu.
" Praise to

Inner Portal
thy ka,
life

Panel.

Plate xiv.
!

living

Aten

After the completion of the plate my attention was drawn to this early photograph of Mariette's by Miss
1

Thou hast assigned

(?)

to

me

a term of

as a favourite of his lord.

Porter, whose Index of published inscriptions will,

it

is

to
3

be hoped, appear before long.

door in
its

uninjured state

of the Nations, p. 329. Mariette are given on Plate xxxiv.

2

Another photograph of the is given by Maspero, Struggle Supplementary readings from

Containing a restoration of the injured parts from

Mariette's photograph.
*

Restoring

Suggested reading

J %:>

^^^

^
A/V\AAA
1

]j^

Reading

: :

82

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA.

" For the
Ita

of the

Chamberlain

of the

Lord

of the

Two

7.

Ay.

Door
:

Jambs.

Plate xxiv.
culte d'Atonou, I., PI. xv.

Lands, Tutu, ....''

4.

Previous copy
Plate xiv.

Mon. du
of

Tutu.

Architraves.

Left

Jamb
1, 2.

Introduction.

Titularies of the Aten, the

live

King and the

Horakhti-

Col.

Titularies

the Aten, the

King and the

is

Queen,

commencing " Long

B).

the Father,

Queen.
Col.
ra.

A
3.

parallel to the opening phrases

given on the

Aten " (A
"

inner door-jambs (PI. xxxii.).^

:

There follows on the South Architrave (B E)

"

Nefer-kheperuof thee

The

ruler

is

born like the Aten, stable to eternity even

Grant a sight

on the eastern horizon, until

as he, fulfilling the million of sed-festivals

which the Aten,

for him.''

who lives and gives life for ever, has decreed The North Architrave (B D) continues
:

at length thou settest in life. " For the ha of the favourite of the good god, bearer of

the fan on the right hand of the King, acting scribe of the
fail.

" She (the Queen) sees the E-uler daily without

is

He
for

King, beloved by him, the father of the god, Ay, living

(hke) the Aten, his father, he

who

thrives

and
gives

lives for
life

anew."
Col. 4.

ever, the

Lord

of the

Two

Lands, N.,

who
:

"

flourishing

(?)

ever and ever."

for ever

so long as thou endurest

The West Architrave (B C) continues "[Thou art] praised, [0] living Aten, by all that thou They adore thee, even as thou hast made hast made. them they live by thee eternally all gleaming on their that thou hast created, made (?) Thou shinest on me and, seeing thee, I live." bodies.
; ;

in his duration.
favourite.

His Majesty endures, the son of the sun, Akhenaten, great Grant thou that I follow thee as thy
" For the ha of the favourite of the good god, bearer of

the fan,

etc.,

overseer of all the horses of

etc.,

His Majesty,

acting scribe,
Col. 5.

5.

Tdtu.

Ceiling of Entrance.

Plate xiv.

the father of the god. Ay, maakheru."

"

long duration to
to the great royal wife,

North Border
morning in thine eternal resting-place to see Aten (when) he rises. Mayest thou purify thyself and take fine linen even as when thou wast
thou
rise

the
in the

King (?) and

Nefertiti, living

for

"

May est

Grant that I live in receipt of his bounty. I am a servant whom His Majesty fostered. " For the ha of the favourite, etc., the bearer, etc.,
ever and ever.

on earth.

giving satisfaction in the entire land, the scribe,

lea

etc.,

the

"For the

of the favourite

of

the good

god, the

father of the god,

Col.
6.

Chamberlain, Tutu."

Ay,

living anew."

"

The

living

Aten comes
(?)

Mid Column
"

whom no (?)

other knoweth save

thy son,^ the King of

Mayest thou adore Aten and may he give thee airs. May his rays refresh thy body. Mayest thou raise thyself up and forget languor, and may he give life to thy face (?)

South and North, N.

beauty daily without

Grant me a
fail.

life

happy in seeing thy

" For the ha of the favourite of the good god, the nurse
of the chief wife of the King, Nefertiti,

by the

sight of him.
lea of

who

lives for ever

" For the

the Chief Servitor of Nefer-kheperu-ra

in the barge, the Chamberlain, Tutu."

South Border

and ever, Tyi, maaikheru.'' Right Jamb Cols. 7, 8. As on the opposite jamb.
:

"Mayest thou
rays
"

follow Aten, like his favourites, in the

Col.

9."

thou hast

filled

Thou
thy son

court of the hall of the Benben, and

make

obeisance to his

art beautiful, great, shining

when thou

art in the true

(?)

resting-place.

the King of South and North, N.

" Grant to
of

For the Tea of the Chamberlain, Tutu." Plate xii. Ceiling of Hall. 6. Tutu. North Border (A)
"
chief servitor
(?)

me

food

ofiisred

before thee, until an old ace

thy giving comes on.*

" For the ha etc." (titles as in
col. 3).

of

Aten
the Chamber-

Col.

10. "Comes
these completely.

salute thee in the morning.

lain of the

For the ha
in

[of]

His son

....

Lord

of the

Two

Lands, the Overseer of the

the

Treasury

the

Aten

house of

Aten

in
2

[Akhetaten], Tutu."

For the usual "within the house

is

of

to

South Border (C) " thy name stable to eternity. seek on that which he (1) has done i
(?)

give "lord of the house of Aten."

Aten " these jambs The agreement of nh

;

May

it

not be

with slinnt, which

ations
(cf.

here

made

clear
;

by the feminine terminV.,

iii.),

thy
of the

Pis. XX., xxvii., xxxii.

is

III., xvi.

shows

house

on the horizon wherein the King " For the lea of the ... of the Lord
. .

that the phrase

to be translated " lord of all that

of

Aten

Two

encircles,"

and not "lord

Aten"

as the parallel phrases

Lands

...

in Akhetaten, Tutu.''

which follow suggest.

^

Cf. PI. xxvii., cols. 8, 12.

"
I

Cf. PI. XV., col. 13.

Reading <cr>

Trt

""

THE EELIGIOUS TEXTS.

the son of the sun, Akhenaten, great in his
duration.
unfailingly
"

33

Right Jamb.
Col. 1.

Grant
(f).^

that I be

satisfied

by

seeing

thee

Col.

2. Titulary of

For the

Col. 11.

"The

Jca etc. " (titles

as in col. 6).

Col. 3.
;

Titulary Aten. the Queen.^ the King and " The bearer the fan on the right hand of the
of
(in full)

of

of

living

birth to himself every day.

Aten comes, who himself gives The land is in festival (?) when
thou settest in
for

thou
ever.

risest(?)

the chief wife of the King, Nefertiti,

who

lives for ever

and

King the overseer of all the horses of the Lord of the Two Lands (of His Majesty in col. 8) the acting scribe of the father of the god. Ay, the King, whom he loves I was eminent, possessing character, maakheru,^ saith,
' '

'

successful in opportunities, contented of disposition, kindly,

"Grant
Col.

pleasure

and joy

of Ua-en-ra.
col. 5).

desiring

'

following the ka of His Majesty, accord-

" For the ha etc. " (titles as in

ing
saith(2) thy

as

he commanded.

I heard his voice

unceasingly.
''

12."

Thou dawnest to give him eternity, that he may conduct the land to Him who set him on His throne and cause the land to belong to Him who made him,^ the King of South and North, N. Grant that my ha may be lasting and thriving, resting happily (?)
to

The end thereof was rewards and an old age in peace.' " The bearer of the fan on the right hand of the Col. 4. King, a companion great of winning (?) the heart to him

('great of access to his lord,'

col. 6),

the acting scribe,

etc.,

Ay, living anew, saith

"
'

was one

loyal to the King, to

him who fostered him,

in Akhetaten.

scrupulous towards the Lord of the

Two

Lands, one

ser-

For the ha of the favourite of the good god, the great nurse and tutoress of the Queen, and hand-maid of the
King, Tyi, maathheru.''
8.

"

viceable to his lord, seeing his beauty

his palace.

when he appears
(?),

in

I was head

'

of the great ones

the com-

panions of the King, chief of those that follow his lord.

;

Ay.

Inner Door

Lititel.

Plate xxxi.^
fol.

"

'

He

sets truth in

Previous copies
fol.

: Hay,
III.,

MSS., 29814,

13; 29847,

abomination.

I live

my inward parts. by adoring his ha.

of the

Falsehood
I

is

an

am made

con-

66; Lepsius, D.,

"

105/; D.

Text, II., p. 144.

tent by seeing him.'

Col. 5.

Left Side.

An

ascription of praise to the

Aten and an
Lands, N.

" The bearer

'

fan on the right hand of the

obeisance to his beloved son. Lord of the

Two

King, beloved of the Lord of the

of his

Two Lands on
etc..

account

Long

life

at thy hand, which

!

thou givest to him

whom

achievements
),

(col. 10,

'

filling

the heart of the Bang

thou lovest

How fortunate

The land (?) lives by thine enrichment. Verily he is he who puts thee in his heart.
!

in all the land

saith,

the acting scribe,

^ life

Ay, maakheru,^

achieveth old age in happiness " For the ka of the favourite of the good god, bearer of
the fan on the right hand of the King, the acting scribe

"'

every one that loves

and

desires a

happy term,
plenty and

adore ye the King unique like Aten, save

is

whom none other

great.

(For) he gives to you a

ILEe of delight,

whom

he

loves, father of the god,

Ay."

fatness of his giving.'

Right Side.

"

An

ascription of praise to the

of Eternity.

Aten and

Left Jamb.
Col. 6. Col.
Col.
there.)
'

an obeisance to the Lord

" Praises shall be given to thee (when) thou dawnest on the horizon until thy setting in life. May my favours be

As 7.As
8.

"

in col.

1.

in col.

2.

(Titles as

in

col.

3,
:

save for variants given

steady every day before

(?)

Ua-en-ra until the coming of an

Ay,

living

anew, saith

old age of his giving with rewards and happiness. Ay" (titles as above). "For the A:a of
9.

" I was a favourite of his lord in every-day matters.

My

rewards were greater in each year than in

because of the exceeding greatness of

its

predecessor

Ay.

Inner Door

Jambs.
only).*

Plates xxxii., xxxiv.

my

excellence in his

Previous copies

: Hay, MSS.,
jamb

29847,

fol.

66

Lepsius,
the squeeze of

D., III., 107 d (left

the

left

jamb

(135).

changes will be found on PI. xxxiv.

^

The consequent The few readings

Jl

9l)

^*^ probably intended, but there

adopted from
Asterisks the right

has been a similar correction on both jambs by the sculptor.

Cf. PI. xxxii.
2
3

Hay are shown by a tick in the margin. mark obviously necessary emendations but for jamb consult PL xxxiv. Extant signs are in
;

solid black.
col. 7.

Breasted {Records,

II., p.

408) has a partial

Cf. v.,

ii.,

From
JD.

Lepsius, with a few corrections from

to

Hay.

translation from his

^

own

copies.

Wrongly assigned there

Text, II., p. 144).

the tomb of Parennefer

^
'

For translations
Plate xxxii.
is

of these epithets, see below,

to be corrected here.

(L.,

tion of two tombs to

Ay

at El
is

Hence the erroneous attribuAmarna by Prof. Petrie

Hay marks
Reading

the spot as damaged.

.

and

others.

As

this

jamb

now

almost wholly destroyed,

-^
is

Cf. PI. xxv., col. 12.

my
the

copy has been taken from Lepsius without altering After Plate xxxii. was printed, Dr. false scale.

Plate xxxii.

to be corrected.

1"

Ranke, of Berlia, kindly furnished me with a copy of

I should have printed

"

34

THE EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMABNA.

(heart).

judgment

He

multiplies for

me my rewards

like

A. Entrance

West

Border.

the number of the sands (for) I

am

chief of the great ones

" Praise to thee,

living Aten,
(?)

who

hast

made heaven

and head
Col.
9.

of the Mehhyt.'

"
col.

and the hidden things

4,
:

which are therein.

He

is

in face

(Titles as

in

save for variants given

of

for his beloved son.

(?)

He
The

has

there.)
"
'

" Ay, maahheru, saith

prolonged

him by a million

of seti-festivals.

chief

I was truly accurate, free from insolence.

My

fame

wife of the King,

Nefertiti,

whom

he loves, lady of the

Two

Lands,

reached the palace,^ for serviceableness to the King, and for

obedience to his teaching, performance of his ordinances, ^

who
(?)

lives

for ever

and

ever, is at the side of

Ua-en-ra.^
"

not altering words

great in closing
(?)

(?)

or lessening achievements.

was

Grant
lives

to

me handsome

burial, such as

thou makest
. . . .

the

mouth '
in
col.
5,
:

He
life.'

prospers that

in the great

cliff of

Akhetaten.

For the

Zca

of

Ay,

prays to him for a good old age, loving

Col. 10.

who
' '

anew."
;

(Titles
Ay,

as

save for variant given

B. Entrance

Middle Column.
living

there.)

"

living anew, saith

Praise to thee,

"

'

every one that liveth on earth, every generation that

life

to all that he encircles,

springs up, I declare unto you the

ness to you of rewards
!

way

of life, I bear wit-

their herbage to give life

.

Aten He dawns [to] give who made earth and created to all that he has made
!

Would

that ye might read

;

my

They
he

[flutter

?]

at seeing his rays.

name because
earth.
"
'

of that

which I did

(for)

I was true on

rises

on the horizon.

His son Grant that [he] flourish

.
.

for ever like thyself

the scribe of the

"
. . . .

Make praises to

the living Aten and ye shall flourish in

{his ?),"

Say ye to him, " Give health to the Ruler life. he will multiply rewards for you.' "
10.

and

King, father of the god. Ay C. Entrance East Border.

;

" [Praise] to thee, the living Aten, the god

this in its entirety.

who made
thou
never

Ay.

Architrave.

Plate xxxii.*

Though thou
'
.

art in heaven, thy rays

X7a-en-ra,

Previous copies

: Hat, MSS.,

29847,

fol.

65
h,

L'Hote,

are [upon the earth]

lovest,

....
. . .

whom

Papiers, III., 297; Lepsius, D., III., 105

II., p.

c; D. Text,

thy
3)

who

issued from thy rays,

143 (west architrave).

the son of the sun,

Akhenaten
Border.
(PI. xxxiii.)

" (Long) live the good god,

of all that

who

rejoices In truth, lord

Aten
and

encircles, lord of heaven, lord of earth,

D. Hall
"

West

the

living

great

Aten, who

illumines

the

Two
life

An

adoration of thee
!

thy beauty,

Lands.
" (Long) live the Father, Horakhti-Aten,^
for ever

living Aten, dispenser of life

who
;

gives

and

ever, the living

sed-festival in the

house of

and great Aten, who is in the Aten in Akhetaten the Living

of Ra when he dawns and gives tomb-chamber Mayest thou inhale the air of the north wind May thy body with graced life a
!

Mayest thou see the rays light at the mouth of thy

Horus
' '

'

Strong

bull,

beloved of Aten,' the

Aten,' the

Two
of

Mistresses

Great of Sovereignty in Akhetaten,' the Golden Horus

Uplifting the
'

North,

Name He who lives

of

King

South and
'

who has reached old age with favours, a righteous one who has done the word of his lord. Thou wert chief among the companions of the King, and thou art
favoured one
likewise the head of the glorified dead.

on truth, Lord

of the

Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-en-ra,' the Son of the

lives

Two Lands, sun, He who

on truth. Lord of diadems, Akhenaten, Great in his and the chief wife of the King, Nefer-neferu; aten-Nefertiti, living for ever and ever.''
duration
'

Mayest thou take changing forms as a living soul (6a) in the noble cliff of Akhetaten. Mayest thou go out and in at the bidding of thy heart. May thy rank be proclaimed on earth and

11.

Ay.

Ceiling inscriptions.
:

Plates xxv., xxxiii.

Previous copy

Mon. du

culte d'Atonou, I., PI. xxii.

mayest thou be provided with wealth beside thy god, following thy heart at the time of thy desire. May thy tomb-chamber be in festival every day. Mayest (thou have) an honoured old age {amahJi) happy and in peace, and as the end of this, [funeral] and interment, and proximity (?) to the King Ua-en-ra
!

should have been printed, from Hay.

"SW
3

must be meant.
I I

" I

was a servant whom

;

his lord fostered

and

whom
(i.e.

he
the

buried
vSi.

(for)

my mouth
!

held truth.

Hay

reads

*"" J

How

glorious is he

who

does his teaching

May

he reach the region

Where

read "East," not

"West"

necropolis) of the elect.

Architrave.

The

other inscription differs from this only in two points of The two small injuries are repaired from the spelling.

" For the ha of the favourite of the good god, true of

heart to him

who opened*

the heart to him, abandoning

copy of Lepsius. 5 This double introduction seems to indicate a theological distinction of the Sun, the good god, Aten, who gives light

"

Reading
Cf.

Cf.
;

I.,

xxxvi.

'

PL

from heaven, and the Father, Horakhtidwells in the temple.

xxvii.. Col. 3

PI. xv., Col. 2.

(or Ila-)Aten,

who
*

Reading

THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.

sin
^

35

to do truth, a favourite

who has

attained thus far with

breath of
self
side.

favour, bearer of the fan,

etc., Ay, maaklieru." East Border. " May est thou adore Ra whenever he rises may est thou see him, and may he listen to what thou sayest. May he grant breath to thee, and may he knit thy limbs. Mayest thou go out and in like a favourite of his. May thy corpse

E. Hall

Arranging thyenter into thy nostril (?).5 left right side, mayest thou lay thyself on thy on thy thy soul (ha) be merry in the necropolis (?).' May
life

May

water, air to thy ka.

beer, the children of thy house offer to thee bread, Mayest thou travel^ freely to the

thrive and
Jea.

thy name abide

air of the

for

thy

Mayest thou inhale the

north wind.
;

May
mayest

Mayest thou see Ra at morn when he rises on the eastern horizon, and mayest thou see Aten when he sets on the western horizon of heaven. May there be given to thee offerings and provisions from
gates of the under-world.

there be given to thee offerings and provisions

the altars

(?)

of the

house of Aten

may

there be given to

thou receive loaves of the King's giving, bread and beer

and provisions for every shrine of thine. May thy name fare well on thy tomb may each generation as it arises call upon thee. Mayest thou rest in thy tomb of the
;

of thee incense and libations on the living (?) stairway (?)' who has decreed it Aten by the King, the son of the Aten, Mayest thou receive (it) and go forth to thee for ever. in his presence every

day without

fail.

Mayest thou

Bang's gift in the necropolis of Akhetaten, (and)

may there
resting-

be made a dy hetep seten of bread and beer as offerings to thy ka.

place
;

May thy soul rest receive abundance in the necropolis. thy soul not be repulsed from its desires, in thy tomb may
:

Mayest thou secure thine everlasting

thine eternal mansion receive thee.
(?) (i.e.

(but) be satisfied with the daily offerings.

(i&)

May

the heart

may
(?)

May an

be lasting, the heart

(hati)

preserving

ox draw thee
a lector

to the tomb)

may an embalmer and

of the lord of eternity.

May thy name

(walk) in front of thee, purifying the (funeral)

bark with milk, their number being such as the King

Ua-en-ra decrees for a favourite

favourite,

day for ever and ever, like what worthy even as thou.

the side be mentioned every is done for a (dead)

itself at

whom

he has promoted.

he bring thee to the resting-place of the elect as one May thy tomb be his life with good. in festival every day, according to thy plans when thou wast alive. It is thy god who hath furthered them for thee, the living Aten, lord of eternity, and they are

May

" For the ka of one stable in favour in the presence of the Lord of the Two Lands, the father of the god. Ay,

who has completed

maakheru."

is

probably to be read.

established to endless eternity for a righteous man, free

(3

ought to have been printed.

1^
(3

from doing falsehood. For the ka of the favourite, P. Hall Middle Column.
;

"

etc..

Ay, maahheru."

'

Reading Reading

See Mon. du mite d'Atonou,

I.,

PI. xxii.

"An
O

adoration of thee (when) thou risest on the horizon,

!

%n
-Jl
I

^
A^\^^\A

A
_f

Ibid.

Aten, Horus of the two horizons ^ Thou shalt not fail When thou to see Ra ; open thy eyes to behold him.s May the prayest* to him may he hear what thou sayest.
^

In the house

built over the palace

pavement at El

Till

there is a block of stone which has apparently formed a parapet, having cartouches of Aten (the older form) on the top and scenes of worship by the King and Queen at the
sides.

Reading

^^
CQ]

The
11

Aten

is

named

^^

")C\

'

'

(]aw.a

Reading '"^
ii.

for
>[Oi

from the parallel opening.

fl^"^^ O cQ3 1
stairway
(?)

AAwvAA

/WWW. "lord of the earth (dwelling) in the

'

v.,
3

of

Aten

in the house of

Aten

in Akhetaten."

Cf. v.,

ii.

This probably formed

to in question.

a part of the " stairway " or chapel

Emending

36

APPENDIX.
PICTURES OF THE PALACE.
The
four plans of the palace with which
iv., xvii., xix., xxviii.,

we have

to do in

Plates

are manifestly endeavours to

The palace as depicted comprises 1. The FAgADB, including the loggia and porch.
similar in all these pictures.
2.

It is

present the same conception of the building, and with this

two early pictures of the Northern Group mainly agree. Yet so far was the artist from feeling himself bound to show the exact positions or proportion of the various parts
'^

The Vestibule, consisting

In PL
iv.

either of a

room on each
(so in V., v.).

side of the loggia or a single corridor extending along the

entire front.

there are

two columns

that he took

little

or no trouble to effect

it,

but contracted,

The space

is

occupied by figures in

PL

xxviii.
;

PL

xix. has
is

expanded, or distributed his plans to suit the spaces which

other scenes left free.^

four columns in alignment, Plate xvii. five

so that one

Hence, while we
the palace,
It

may

expect to

tempted in these two pictures to see not the corridor, but

the side colonnade which appears to be
(see below).
3.

see all the special features of

them in

their exact relations.

we do not see would be wasted time,

shown

in V., v.

and extract from these pictures alone a ground plan of the palace. And, whereas the impression which they create is of an elongated building,^ the plans of
therefore, to try

(4

1)

in rows of two.

The Banqueting Hall, supported on several columns Always made conspicuous by its three

entrance doors.

most

of the private houses at

El Amarna show a square

and compact shape, in which the sleeping rooms and offices are grouped round the great hall instead of extending to
the rear.*

generally

Men's Quarters. (The men's and women's quarters are shown beyond the hall, but on each side of it in
;

III., xiii.
4.

VI.,

iv.)

Our only hope,

therefore, is to find help in the remains

of the actual building.

identified it,^ but the

Professor Petrie claims to have group of buildings which he designates by the term " palace " rather adds to our difficulties than removes them. If, however, we confine our attention
to that small part of
it in which he sees the harem of the King, and which yielded the chief treasures of decorative

Hall, wiLh two columns and containing two storeOmitted in Pis. iv., xxviii. ; displaced (above the closets. loggia) for economy of space in PL xvii. 5. Dressing-rooms (?). An ante-room leading to two sparsely-furnished rooms (bed- and bath-room ?). 6. Stoee-chamber. 7. Store-chamber, with ante-chamber (columned?) and
a second connecting door.
8.

art

and architecture found within the

be

city,

a sufficient
identification

Corridor
these

(or intervening space)

resemblance will
plausible.

found

to

make an

shuts off

apartments

with closed door from the following Royal

And

of course the richness of the decoration

and the royal names found

freely within the ruined building

Apartments. ment?) in PL
9.

It is decorated with shrubs (a painted pavexvii. (cf. IV., viii.).

make

it

unlikely that this was anything but the palace or

of
it.

an important part

As
tombs

has been said, the plan of the palace as given in the

is

little

more than an enumeration

in picture of its

columns, through which we reach grand Bed-boom, the ceiling or the bed-tester being supported on two duck-columns. The room is provided with a ventilator in the Northern Tombs. The bed
10.

Hall with two

various rooms and parts.

same in words before attempting to bring the diverse pictures into harmony.^
1

It will be well to do the

is

round with shrubs (painted?) in PL iv. Dressing-room (?) consisting of a columned anteroom, bed-room (?) and bath-room (?).
set
11.

12.
III., xxxiii.
; ;

IV.,

viii.

See also

(columned?) Store-chamber, with ante-room.

This, like the store-rooms, is

I., xviii.,

xxvi.

II.,

The Harem.
PL
xxviii. as if it

xiv., xli.
2

III., xiii.
is

shown in

The

were a detached building set in a garden,

'=[]-shaped design of Pis. xvii., xix.,

squeezed

into
^ *
^
^

an oblong in Pi. iv. Such as I have shown in Part III., p. 30. Pbteie, Tell el Amarna, Pis. xxxviii.-xl.
lb., PI.

but elsewhere both are incorporated in the building. 13. Saloon with two store-chambers attached to
14.

A A similar set of rooms.

it.

xxxvi.
I

In

Plate xxxiv.

have given rough diagrams of

the four pictures of the palace in this volume, the rooms

being identified by the numbers attached to them in the following list.

PTOTUBBS OF THE PALACE.

The proposed grouping
clear

37

of these apartments
i

afforded by the ground-plan of the ruins

will

on the basis be made

gested in any of the pictures.

The
of

walls,

when

found, appro-

were decorated with a dado

priate to the room.

domestic scenes

this restoration of the palace may serve to indicate the difficulty or the ease with which each

by the diagram (PL The following notes on

xxxiv.).^

of the

above features of the pictured palace

fits

into the

building thus restored.

4. That the men's quarters should be reached directly from the hall and separately, as here, seems most in consonance with the pictures. The arrangement of the rooms I have in tl^is section might of course be much altered
;

The most striking incongruity is met with in the wings thrown out on each side of the courtyard, and forming a long corridor supported on handsome columns,^ with a dwarf wall (?) on the one hand and a series of tiny chambers on the other.* They might well be often omitted by the artist as outside the scope of his picture, but we should
certainly expect to see this striking feature indicated in

followed a symmetrical plan as far as possible.

8.

The space between the men's and women's quarters,

decorated with real or painted plants set round a tank or

free centre, corresponds perfectly to the court in the ruins,

the border of which was painted with plants.

also

As

the walls

were painted with out-door scenes (resembling apparviii.),

ently those of the dado in III.,

this

it

is

probable that
If I

pictures of the courtyard in the Northern Group.

I think,

was a

peristyle court

on wooden columns, perhaps with

we find it depicted in "V., v. ; the artist has shown the east instead of the west wing for pictorial reasons, but
however,
the servant hurrying from the store-rooms into the interior of the palace is quite in keeping.
1.

trees in boxes in the centre (Pis. xvii., xix., xxviii.).

remember
9.

rightly, there is a tiny water-tank stUl existing

in this court.

This hall had also a painted pavement, of which the

One would be tempted

loggia in
it

to take the pictures seriously

vestibule,

pictures give

no

hint.

The columns were overlaid with

and place the

were

an upper story over the

modelled glazed
10.

tiles.

not for practical considerations

(cf. I., xviii.).

The
(III.,

corridor and banqueting-hall received light from above the

proximity in the pictures.

painted
(?)

The royal saloon and bedroom are always in close In PL iv. the bedroom and
corridor of

low walls of the loggia in the centre of the fa9ade

xxxiv.).

PL

xvii.

seem

to

have been combined

2. For the end doors of the vestibule see II., xiv. The number and grouping of the columns must remain uncertain. 3. The three entrance doors to this hall from the vestibule are not indicated by the ruins, and, of course, may be forbidden by them. If the side doors could mean doors at the ends of the hall this would be more practical (cf. III.,
xiii.
;

Yet we know that the room opening out of this hall had actually a painted border. The difiiculty is that the room is only five feet broad at most. Either,
for lack of room.

then,

it' is

a corridor leading to the bedroom, or the royal

roof, as the ventilator

bedroom was upon the

several pictures
11. 12.

shown

in

may

indicate.
offices

The other

I have placed at the back of the

VI.,
it

iv.),

and though

I adopt
^

provisionally.

same censure, The painted pavement is not sugit is

subject to the

painted court, where they are quite in place.

lie

Peteie,

ib.

xxxvi.

In

this restored plan,

which can at the best give only

They might an upper story above the harem, for we know that the houses of El Amarna had stairways, and there seems a place for such a construction outside the harem door. But the existence of such an upper suite must remain quite
in
13, 14.

a passable idea of the original building, I have completed

the west side with approximate symmetry, inserted rooms
in the vacant space in the rear, enclosed the court, added

hypothetical.

These two rooms confirm the tomb pictures someif

what
It

strikingly,
size of

we assign them

to the

women. ^

But

the front and vestibule,

(marked with notes of numbered in accordance with the above

*
*

and pierced a few doorways interrogation). The rooms are

list.

the small
is

the rooms (10

to be hoped that the

X 12 feet) is surprising. new excavations which have

Peteie,

ib.,

PI. vii.

been begun with such promise by Professor Borchardt will throw additional light on this interesting subject.
^

They seem to me to have served as store-rooms rather than cubicles, and the paintings on their walls confirm this.
Peteie,
ib,, p.

Or they might be the lower

stories of the

harem and

15

; cf. I.,

xxxi.

store-rooms respectively.

39

INDEX.
Abaci

" Acting Scribe of the King

Ahmbs Akhenaten

..... .....
"

PAGES
.

PAGES
Burial customs
Burials, secondary
1,

9, 14,

17

24, 25, 29, 31, 32, 34

.

14, 17, 24,

32-34
4

16

(see "

Royal Family ").

2

Ceilings, decorated

2, 8,

17

affectionate attitude of
his authorship of the

"Chamberlain"
Charioteer

hymns

19,29
4,21
.

Alliteration

portraiture of

" Cleanser of His Majesty's hands "

Collars

29

Amenhetep III
Ami-Khent
.

3, 14,

20
27
14 22 37

Colour

14, 15,
.

Columns
"

Any

Companion

Armlets
Artists,

Copper

.... .... .... .... ....

.

10-15, 26-28, 31, 32

13,
2, 3, 4, 12, 14, 18, 3, 4, 9,

26 25
22

16-19, 21, 27

5,

7-9, 16, 17, 20, 36, 37

13, 24, 28,
.

''

33
11

work

of ancient

2, 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 36,

7,

Costume
"

3, 4., 10, 12, 18,

20, 23, 32

Aten, addressed as " Father

cartouches of

12, 31, 32,

34

Craftsman of the King "

.

6,25

4, 7, 8, 14, 17, 23,

35
22

Cup-bearer

4,5

high priest of

12,

hymns to later name

stairway

10, 18, 19,

.

25-31
14

Dancing
Design

of

7, 8, 9,

Depots of Pharaoh

servitors of
(?)
.

11, 15,
.

32 35

.... ....
.

19-21
.

11

3, 4, 8, 9, 17,

23

of
1,

Designs in paint or ink

2-5,

7,

21, 22

temple of

12-15, 26, 27, 29, 32, 35

.

stock of mural

3, 6, 14,

19

a bi-une god

34

Divine father " (" father

Doorkeepers

of the divinity ") 17, 23, 24, 28, 29,

as king

....4,
.
.

14, 17, 23, 24, 28, 29,

32-35
23,
.

32-35
22

24
23

4, 20,

father-in-law of

Akhenaten
.

Ducks

as ornamentation
.

9,36
14
10, 18, 21

tomb of

3,

16-24
.

DUDU
Dwarfs
Dwarf-walls

AziRU
Balcony
(see

14

Baldachin

....
"Loggia").
.

8,37 2,35
24

Dy
o

hetep seten prayers

Barge of the King

Bats
" Bearer of the

15, 27,

32

El Amarna,

style at

3, 18, 19,

10, 16

Entablatures
Erasures

8,14
3, 6, 10,

Fan"
.

4, 11, 17, 22, 24, 29, 32, 33,

35

21

Bedroom

-9,

36, 37

Benhen, house of the

29, 31,

32

Eeneheh Eshmunin

18,21
.

Benretmut,

sister of the

Queen
.

1, 4, 7,
. .

10, 16, 18, 21,

.

24
18

Ethiopia (see " Nubia

")

name
.
.

of

4,

Exaggerated forms
Excavations

4,18
2, 7, 8, 16,

Biography

6, 14, 17,

23-28, 31, 33, 34

23,
1, 3,

18

Borchardt, Professor
Bouriant,

37 29
Fa9ade, decorated
" Father of the divinity " (see "Divine father").
Floral design

M
.

Bowmen

......
.

18,

11, 22

Burial-chamber

2, 9, 17,

24

40

INDEX.
PAGES

Foreigners

6, 11, 12,

20-22, 27, 30

Future

life,

conceptions of

25-27, 29, 32, 34, 35

Garden depicted
Gloves
.

5,19
22 28
2

Gold

11, 22,

Graffiti
Griffith,

Mr.

2, 25,

29

"

Handmaid

of the
.

King

21,33
20, 21,
.

Harem
,,

depicted
ruins of

36
36

Harp

5,
.

20, 21

Head-dress

,3,5 Aten

6, 10, 12, 14,

.

18 12

High-priest of
Hittites

20
35
13

Horus
Houses
of officials
of

5, 12,
.

Hymns, composition
Inset stones

19

10, 18, 21

Jewellery

3, 18, 19,
.

22
8

designs from

Jones, Mr. Harold

Jubilee (see " Sed-iestWal

").

Kush

(see "

Nubia ").

Libyans
Loggia

Mahu, tomb
Maspero, M.

of

Major-domo shown

May, tomb of Mayor shown Merytaten Mimes

(No. 14)

" Mistress of the house " Mouthpiece of the entire land "

"

Mural decoration
Musicians

of houses

.Musical instruments

....
.

Mutilation of the tombs

Nefeetiti, Queen

Nbkht-pa-aten

Nubia
Nudity
of royal figures

" Nurse of the

Queen "

INDEX.

41

Signet-rings
Silver

Soldiery

Southern tombs, distinctive features of

Stairs

Standards, military
Street-boys

..... .... .....

. .

....

PAGES

PAGES

22

Trees depicted
Tressed hair

13,20
20,21

11,28
1,11- -13, 22

Trigon
" Tutoress of the

5,20

4,10, 13, 36
9,17, 35, 37
10-13, 22, 23
.

Queen
8,

21,33
10-15, 26-28, 31, 32
.

Tutu

,,

tomb

of

3,

7-15, 19, 20
.

23

wife of

14

"Superintendent"
Syria

(see " Overseer").

. .

Tyi, wife of

Ay

16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 32,

.

33

4, 12, 14, 20, 22, 27, 28,

30

,,

Queen

34

Tadukhipa, daughter
Tatooing
Tell el

of

Dushratta

20, 21

Uraei

Uraeus presented to the King

Vessels depicted " Vizier "
.

....
.

8, 9,

10 4

Amarna

Letters
.

14,
1,

20
.

Temple, pictures of

12, 13

4,5, 10, 11, 22

Thoth, temple

of
.

18,22
27

Thuthu
Titles

14

enumerated
16 compared
of

6, 15, 18, 23, 24, 29, 31, 32,

34

TFa6-priest

Tomb

7-9, 16, 21
.

Tombs, architecture

1, 2, 7,

16, 17

Zavet

29

INDEX OF CEOSS REFEKENCES.

Part
I.

42

INDEX OF CROSS EEFEEENCES.

Part
1.

continued.

INDEX OF CEOSS REFEEENCES.

Part IV.
Plate
X.

43

continued.
is

Paet V.
5,

referred to in III.,
v.,

30.

Page 3

is

referred to in VI.,

3, 19. 9.

xui.
xiv.
xviii.

6,

12; VI., 1,16.

13 17

VI.,

III., 27. III., 24,

VI., 28.

30; VI.,
29
;

13.

Frontispiece

IV., 33

VI.,

3.

XX.
xxi.
xxii.

III., 24, 28, III., 29. III., 28.

VI., 13.

Plate

ii.

VI., 28, 30, 33, 35.

iii.

VI.,

1,

18, 32.

iv.

VI., 28.
VI.,
1,

XXX.
xxxii. sii.
xxxiii. siii.
)

v., 12.

V.
vii.

19, 36, 37.

v., 7
)

VI., 10, 30.

VI.,

7., 9.

xxix.

VI., 27,

xxxiv.
xxxviii.
xlv.

v., 12.
v., 14.

Note.

By

means

of this

Index

many

comparisons and a few

correoiions

made subsequently may be

inserted in the earlier volumes

VI., 24.

of the series.

GENERAL INDEX OF TOMBS.

Tomb.
1

Volume.

(Huya)

lA (Rudu) 1b
2 3
.

(Meryra (Ahmes)

II.

3a 3b
3c

3d
Se 3f

4 (Meryra)
5 (Penthu)

6 (Panehesy)

6a
6b
6c
.

6d 7a
7b
7c

7 (Parennefer)
.

8 (Tutu) 9 (Mahu)

9a 9b
9c

10 (Apy)
11 (Rames)

12 (Nekht-pa-aten)

13 (Nefer-kheperu her-sekheper) 14 (May)

44

GENEEAL INDEX OF TOMBS.

Tome.

15 (Suti)

PLATES.

NOTE.
An
index to the passages
of

the text which

are

explanatory of the several

plates

will be

found on pp.

vii., viii.

El Amarna

VI.

TOMB

7 (PARENNEFER).

Sealed
32

SECTION ON

A, B, C, D.

Scaled.

ELEVATION AND PLANS.

Plate

II

PLAN

El Amarna

VI.

TOMB OF PARENNEFER.

Plate

III.

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El Amarna

VI.

TOMB OF

Scale

PARENNEFl

INEFER, W. WALL.

Plate

IV.

REWARDED.

PARENNEFER.
a.

WEST WALL.

Plate

V.

^^.^c^
^
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I
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),

mm

k.

IS

Sttale i

THE SAME

{Continuation in ink.)

El Amarna

VI.

TOMB OF

PAREI

y\

"

'^^

^
5>7
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v^

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Scale i

THE

KING

INEFER.

EAST WALL.

Plate

VI.

HVING AUDIENCE.

El Amarna

VJ.

PARENNEFER.

FRAGMENTS.

Plate

VII.

^
v

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EL

AMARNA

VI

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PLATE

VIM

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EL

AMARNA

VI

TOMB OF PARENNEFER

PLATE

IX

WEST WALL.

EL

AMARNA

VI

TOMB OF PARENNEFER

PLATE X

o o
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El Amarna

VI.

TOMB OF TUTU-PLANS.

Plate

XI.

z <

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU-SECTIONS, ETC.

Plate

XII.

CO
-.

;;qi

oo Eh
-I 9:

i^f34!filM/-^]EJ^S^^
G

OQ

It

oo
CO

Ll.

UJ

z o

z o H o
111

CO

<
lU q:

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< H Z
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a
to

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU-STAIRWAY AND RIGHT OUTER JAMB.

Plate

XIII.

Scale

Scale \

El Amarna

VI.

COLUMN AND

INSCRIPTIONS.

Plate XIV.

o
D-st

Oo<

.4

AAAyv\^

St
o

^P
Of

o
O
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ill

n.-

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ri
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11,

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a^
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^'

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in

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JJa

+
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^
/^AAA^

1
OOmK.

Oe-<
<4

^
8

3^

f/=^

N.

MID.

S.

ENTRANCECEILING INSCRIPTIONS.

ARCHITRAVE
INSCRIPTIONS.

El Awiarna

VI.

TOMBg

WK

MI Or-

<3^

O
ol

'

-M
i|3iMI^^^Mira
-i^

m\)m\w-ni\^m
in

:gi8^titS:C^^l'^-H'!7^s]ii^n^: Klvft ^s[-^R^;Ng^aj^po^fa4ffitii;tai^^^ la

^^"r]?

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iSs^^OftHfiMi^

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^?S^!JBfil1Sf^riiiS)

lM!^^i^^iil
n/^'

TUTU.

Plate XV.

&^5t

i:$S^

:<,<
I

1HEKmE!iaslMtlEMEJJl>#C^nf PM^^fl^ -D 1!?^

S

fl

fl^

g^^SS^!-4S;l!l^^^^v

'^tvli^gl

El^fM-

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i!IIS3il^
^sto^casiNi^aii:^!

2 O I
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liJ

I
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o
CO

ox

u
N:

f'A"

&^m?t~&

^pii^l^!:ON

ifePlo|()frf^lEfl:L-t|:lv

iaHN;ioigv(ctiH?iicHiijwifcvjj?rii?f.tif%^^^

I^ISH^S
^

o i^aftl^S5]l^o^b
or
"r
NV-Sf V\\\V

nw
CD

iPii]5^?p{WI#^ ^il^SEflNafgg IhPP@II#^

i|S-'ji:^$^";,.

< ->
\UJ

U^

111 I

=-

^.d >$^N>^^^
V!

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU-NORTH THICKNESS.

Plate XVI.

Seale^

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU.

WEST

Architrave

Scale

THE KING RECEIVES

TUTU*

VALL, N. SIDE.

Plate XVIJ.

AT THE

DOOR OF THE PALACE.

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU.

WEST WALL,

N.

SIDE.

Plate XVIII.

Scale I

THE OFFICIALS AND THE CROWD.

TUTU,
El Amarna
VI.

WES

ARCHITRAVE.

Scale

TUTU RECEIVING

ALL, s. biut.

Plate XIX.

W. WALL,

N.

SIDE-LOWER PART.

,)TION

FROM THE

KING,

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU.

WEST

Scale

TUTU RECEIVES THE

CONi

ALL, S. SIDE.

Plate XX.

ATIONS OF HIS FRIENDS.

El Amarna

VI.

TUTU.

WEST WALL,

S.

SIDE-LOWER PART.

Plate XXI.

fl?l:P^.''M^g'^^3la03IH:Pi--iU^sfi|^y-^j|||lOlJ]HJa-%
/-=

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^

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to

p^

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I

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-

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f\

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El Amarna

VI.

TOMB OF AY-PLAN

Plate XXII.

-IS

tL AMARNA

VI.

AY-SECTIONS, COLUMN,

ETC.

Plate XXUI.

g H O
liJ

CO

< 2 Q Z> H O z o
_l

_l

Hi _l CO

)(5:>c

o o o

z
lU

w z
UJ

ZD CE3SCHD ChD
punouB
-n

CD

H h <
Q.

uo

goti{dffiBod$ji{ -q

O 2 O
Ul

-IS

f
dBpa

<

El Amarna

VI.

AY-OUTER JAMBS.

Plate XXIV.

Scale 1
JO

El Amarna

VI.

AV-E/

10
^^^VVW<-^A
/V\AAAA\

To,

/]

>9J
cQ c^
1-

^
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1

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Scale

|.

ENTRANCE-C

rHlCKNESS.

Plate XXV.

IS

20

25
.*3

.c
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t^

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01

30

o J
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4

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For the figures see photographic plate.

Q
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f
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^^ &

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ID.

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of ay.

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HI

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^cm^^^^^^^^lU

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S.^^cl-

CO Ui

INSCF?IPTIONS.

EL AMARNA

VI.

AY-EAST THICKNESS.

Plate XXVI.

Scale i

16

THE ROYAL FAMILY OFFERING TO ATEN.

Scale i

ROYAL HEADS

(see Plate XXIX.)

El Amarna

VI.

ay-West

I
ICKNESS.

Plate XXVII.

SidPi^iOKS
JK
i'"
.v..

'UopS^^T ^^5)

i^^

U O
0=<

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S^

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to

:l_

/MVIAKNA V

AY-NORTH WALL,

Plate XXVIII.

Architrave

(Part of a second picture of the Palace, which was to have occupied the left side of the

doorway.)
Scale i

THE PALACE AND HAREM.

El Amarna

VI.

^r#riSl$'^
^ST^^iai|

Scale ^

AY AND HIS WIFE

.L, E.

SIDE.

Plate XXIX.

NOURED BY THE KING.

El Amarna

VI.

AY-N, WALL,

E.

SIDE

{eontd.)

Plate XXX.

XIXX

iWd

El Amarna

VI.

Plate XXXI.

a
'-IP

> <
LL

o o < I
liJ

M iE&iHSoDIMoliOsn3J

c-^1

lis

ilQ

D O

(J)

DSNtfrlEMiMS^

<
GO

<

^m^<
0~
,
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mm
wmmt
md
feE^'l^lo

gH?oii^KM-lMl^jg^jy^
KOrKl^l^^^J-^fl'flNG^

AY-INNER JAMBS AND ARCHITRAVE.

Plate XXXII.

ofO

If

M m
9ih
IQ_

Ml

(Hi^
si.

'M

O
lyMAAAAAn/\

IS
L^

4
I
I I

of-

??

Q^

^^1

QlO
I

II

itf'

l!Q

^lO*'

^^^
I

.O
I I
I

<-l
R.

JAMB.

SeaU

El Amarna

VI.

AY-HALL CEILING INSCRIPTIONS.

Plate XXXIII.

d' a

.-,>'

Mia
[S^' c^
6-

r*
ti)^

S"

^fir
II

'I'
<5'

<?

t-^

no
fe:
<?
a. D
1

^
Ai
D
i6.

^.
itQ,

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-ci

nil
f^

^j\

IS

in

'A

lU-^
.=f

iiQ

Itsorrv
/=.

p=^
Cx.

3?^
"6

%
D

4=
^
o
I g
I

tX'

III

'4^
I
I

n__8

ot

^
I

en

^
Qs.
4.

4.-

9ii

nr
i^i
o o

5>^

/C5

ru

4o
^5\

0^
I

IS
W.

St.?
MAAAA
/yv^AA^

Id

^A^v^A^

:^^

c'^l

^a'l_*-

kZ

i^LUJa

El Amarna

VI.

ADDENDA.

Plate XXXIV.

-InM

EL

AMARNA

VI

TOMB OF TUTU

PLATE XXXV

< X
I-

w u z o X
I-

O z

EL

AMARNA

VI

TOMBS OF TUTU AND AY

PLATE XXXVI

TUTU. SOUTH WALL OF HALL.

AY.

THE HAREM.

EL AMARNA

VI

TOMB OF AY

PLATE XXXVII

< a

CO

Ul

o
o

< X

Ul

Ul

<
cc \-

z u o <

EL

AMARNA

VI

TOMB OF AY

PLATE

XXXVIII

AY AND

TYI

(Cairo

Museum).

EAST THICKNESS

(Cols. 2-9).

EL AMARNA

VI

AY.

EAST THICKNESS

PLATE XXXIX

:-

iii

naa

i>

Tr.-rji" ^^^
'

o CO

i:^

;s<'''' 2-11

-'i n

Jc'**-

^^* .^:

00

EL

AMARNA

VI

TOMB OF AY

PLATE XL

z o

UJ

H CO <

EL

AMARNA

VI

AY.

WEST THICKNESS

PLATE

XLI

HYMN TO THE ATEN.

EL AMARNA

VI

AY.

NORTH WALL

PLATE

XLII

%Wt^^^^zii^ __
-'nv

--i>.

'I-

THE ROYAL

FAMILY.

EL

AMARNA

VI

AY.

NORTH WALL

PLATE

XLIII

THE CROWD.

EL

AMARNA

VI

AY.

NORTH WALL

PLATE XLIV

UJ

o < < a.
Ill

X
Q w I3 o

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37, Great Russell Street,

London, W.C.

and Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston, Maas., U.S.A.