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BIO 202 Lymphatic System Lab Goals for this activity: Identify organs and tissues of the lymphatic system locating them on diagrams, models, or the cadaver Identify the primary histological structures lymphatic system organs using microscope slides or images Identify the Following: Lymphoid Organs Thymus o Located in the center of the chest above the heart. o Lymphocytes that go here mature into T-cells. Spleen o Located on the left side of the body, inferior and lateral to the stomach. o Red blood cells go here to be broken down Lymph nodes o Located in clusters throughout the body along the lymphatic circulation. o Filters lymph fluid for inspection o Activate immune system to react to any foreign bodies o Cervical region Neck region, you feel these swell up when you are sick. o Inguinal region Junction of thigh & torso, groin area. Axillary region Armpit region, these areas are in danger in women with breast cancer.

Lymphoid Organs: Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissues (MALT) Lymphatic organs that are associated with the linings of our body that is directly exposed to outside pathogens (respiratory tract-air, digestive tract-food). Tonsils o Located at the entrance to the pharynx (back of nose/mouth area). These specific regions are named for where they are located. o Palatine tonsils Located on either side of oral cavity. Lingual tonsil Base of the tongue.

Pharyngeal tonsils Posterior wall of nasopharynx. Peyers Patches o Located in clusters throughout the intestines. A similar type is in the appendix. o Lymphatic nodules in bronchii o Located in clusters throughout the upper respiratory system.

Identify the Following: Lymphoid Organ Histology Thymus Spleen The thymus is where T-lymphocytes go after they are born in the bone marrow. Outer capsule and trabeculae (where outer capsule goes into the interior) Lobule Cortex (outer region) o T-lymphocytes are being produced here; they are packed in most densely here. Medulla (inner region) o T-lymphocytes can also be found here but they are less densely packed. Thymic (Hassalls) corpuscles o The function of these are unknown.

Your spleen filters your blood with many white blood cells contained inside to immediately react to anything that is not you. White pulp o Dark circular areas. Contains B-lymphocytes and macrophages to attack anything foreign. Central artery Red pulp o Where red blood cells are broken apart when they are too old. Red blood cells Lymphocytes Macrophages (with red blood cell debris inside!) Lymph Node Lymph nodes filter the lymph fluid (similar to the spleen filtering the blood). Outer capsule Cortex o Lymphatic nodules Concentrated area of lymphocytes. o Germinal centers Where lymphocytes proliferate (make antibodies) in response to an antigen. Medulla o Where T-lymphocytes are found (this is where they work, the thymus is where they are made). Lymphatic Vessel A vessel that contains lymph (clear fluid to be filtered, then returned to the blood). Thin walled with valve flaps inside