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Hydraulic Pump

Dr. Sunil Jha

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Introduction
Pump Converts Mechanical Energy to Hydraulic Energy Pump pushes the fluid into the hydraulic system. Broad Classification
Positive Displacement Pump Non-positive Displacement Pump
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Positive Displacement Pumps


Universally used for Fluid Power It push a fixed amount of fluid into the Hydraulic System per revolution of shaft. Overcome pressure from Mechanical loads as well as friction resistance to flow. Main types Gear, Vane, Piston

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Non Positive Displacement Pumps


Used for Low Pressure, High Volume Flow applications. Not withstand high pressure, of little use in Fluid Power. Used for transporting fluid from one location to another.

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Advantages of Positive Displacement Pumps


High Pressure capabilities Small, compact size High volumetric efficiency Great Flexibility of performance Constant efficiency on all pressure

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Pumping Theory
A partial vacuum is created at pump inlet due to internal operation of pump. Atmospheric pressure push the fluid out of oil tank. The pump mechanically pushes the fluid out of the discharge line

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Pumping Theory Simple Piston Pump

Check Valve -1 Pump inlet line Check Valve -2 Pump Discharge


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Gear Pump

Develop flow by carrying fluid between teeth of two meshing gears.


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Gear Pump

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Lobe Pump
Both lobes driven externally Lobes dont contact each other Quieter than gear pump Volume discharge is more Less mating elements, more pulsation

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Screw Pump
Axial flow positive displacement pump. Precision ground screw meshing within closed fitting. Non pulsating flow. Idler act as rotating seal.

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Vane Pumps
Rotor contains radial slots rotates inside a cam ring. Each slot contains Vane designed to mate with surface of cam ring. First half cycle suction, second half delivery.

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Variable Displacement Pump

Provision for mechanically varying Eccentricity Pressure compensation by spring force Constant pressure variable delivery pump
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Cavitation Problem
Noise problem occurred due to entrained air bubbles. Occurs when suction lift is excessive and the inlet pressure falls below vapour pressure of fluid Air bubbles formed in low pressure inlet region collapsed when reached high pressure discharge region. This produce high velocity explosive forces eroded metallic pump components.
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Rules to Eliminate Cavitation


Keep suction line velocities below 10 m/min Keep pump inlet lines as short as possible Minimize number of fittings in the inlet line Mount pump close to the reservoir Use low pressure drop inlet filters or strainers Use proper oil as recommended.
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Pump Selection
Select the actuator (Hydraulic cylinder or motor) based on load Determine flow rate requirements Determine pump speed and select the prime mover Select pump type based on application Select System pressure Select reservoir and other components Calculate overall cost of the system Consider factors as noise level, horsepower loss, need of heat exchanger, schedule maintenance.
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