Code No: RR222101 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Describe various types of airfoil sections used in aircraft industry. Describe in

details 6 digit and 7 digit series of NACA sections. Make use of sketches and
c1 -cd -α plots to illustrate your answer. [16]

2. An airfoil at an angle of attack of 100 gets c1 = 1.26 and cd =0.0115 .Obtain

cn and ca . Hence obtain them from dimensional analysis. [16]

3. Define the term Drag force acting on an airfoil / wing or any moving object. What
are the causes and effects of drag? Write down expression for total drag and its
components. Hence compare drag of various objects. Make use of sketches /plots
to illustrate your answer. [16]

4. Define a complex potential function from the first principle. What is represented
by a Complex potential function? Consider a point source placed in a uniform
stream. Plot the streamlines and equipotential lines. Make use of sketches and
plots to explain your answers. [16]

5. Show that a straight line of length 4a can be obtained from the conformal
transformation of a circle of radius a. Hence obtain lift coefficient on such flat plate
placed at α = 30 to the free stream. [16]

6. An airscrew is required to produce thrust of 4500 Newtons at a speed of 125 m/s

at sea level. The diameter of the disc is 2.5 m. Estimate the minimum power to
be supplied on the basis of ideal actuator disc. Another propeller is placed in its
slipstream such that its disc area is just equal to that of the slipstream. Work out
the size ant input power to the second propeller on the basis of Froude momentum
theory. [16]

7. At 1.25 m radius on a 3 bladed airscrew, the airfoil section has the following char-
acteristics; solidity = 0.1 ,θ = 290 7’ ,α = 40 7’, CL = 0.49 L / D = 50 Allowing for
both axial and rotational interference, find the local efficiency of the element. [16]

8. What are the possible variants of a rotary wing aircraft? Explain design features
and other details with sketches and plots. [16]

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Code No: RR222101 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain mean line and thickness distribution in case of NACA 5 digit series of
airfoil sections. How are the different from Juokowaski airfoils? [16]

2. Make use of dimensional analysis to work out formulas for aerodynamic forces and
moments. [16]

3. An airplane weighing 14,000 N, S = 16.5 m2 has its drag polar given as

CD = 0.025 + 0.054 CL 2 . Plot the thrust vs. velocity curve and obtain lift
coefficient for minimum drag. What is the significance of this condition? [16]

4. Show that the Complex Potential function w = Uze −iα represents uniform flow in
the direction α .Sketch the stream lines and Equipotential lines. [16]

5. Apply the Kutta-Zhukovsky transformation to obtain a cambered airfoil of thick-

ness ratio 15% and camber of 10%. Make use of sketches and plots to elaborate
your answer. [16]

6. An airscrew is required to pruce thrust of 5000 Newtons at a speed of 130 m/s

at sea level. The diameter of the disc is 2.5 m. Estimate the minimum power to
be supplied on the basis of ideal actuator disc. Another propeller is placed in its
slipstream such that its disc area is just equal to that of the slipstream. Work out
the size ant input power to the second propeller on the basis of Froude momentum
theory. [16]

7. Define the term activity factor. Explain its importance in propeller’s performance
and design. Derive an expression for it. [16]

8. Explain the functioning a conventional helicopter. What are the uses of collective
pitch lever and stick for cyclic pitch? Make use of sketches / plots to elaborate
your answer. [16]

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Code No: RR222101 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Sketch a sweptback wing showing sweep, taper and twist features. Explain the use
and requirement of each of these features. Make use of c1 -cd -α plots as well. [16]

2. Compare pressure distribution over an airfoil in an ideal fluid medium with that in
a viscous incompressible fluid medium. How does the real fluid effect the pressure
distribution? Illustrate with sketches and plots. [16]

3. An airplane weighing 160,000 N, S = 42 m2 has its drag polar given as

CD = 0.014 + 0.05 CL2 . Plot the thrust vs. velocity curve and obtain lift coefficient
for minimum drag. What is the significance of this condition? [16]

4. Sketch the stream line pattern of the flow given by the Complex Potential function
w = A z 2 , where A is a constant and other symbols have usual meaning. Find the
magnitude and direction of the stream at x = 1,y= 2 when A = 10. [16]

5. A long elliptic cylinder of t / c ratio = 1 / 7, is set in , and with its major axis
parallel to, a uniform irrotational stream of 35.4 m / s. Calculate the pressure
difference between pressure holes set in the nose and at the point of maximum
thickness. [16]

6. An airplane powered by a single propeller is flying in straight and level condition

at an altitude. Develop an expression for the slipstream velocity of the propeller
in terms of flight speed, drag coefficient, wing plan form area and the propeller
diameter. [16]

7. A 3-bladed airscrew is driven at 1560 rpm at a flight speed of 110 m / s at sea level.
At 1.25 m radius, the local efficiency is estimated to be 87%, while the L/D ratio
of the blade section is 57.3. Calculate the local thrust grading, ignoring rotational
interference. [16]

8. What is the use and necessity of a vertical tail rotor in case of a conventional
helicopter? Compare the means of generation of lift on a helicopter with that on a
fixed wing aircraft. What is the equivalent of tail rotor in an airplane? [16]

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Code No: RR222101 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Describe various types of airfoil sections used in aircraft industry. Describe in

details 6 digit and 7 digit series of NACA sections. Make use of sketches and
c1 -cd -α plots to illustrate your answer. [16]
2. Consider NACA 2412 and NACA 23012 airfoil sections. Illustrate the effect of
leading edge radius on the pressure distribution on these two airfoil sections. Make
use of sketches / plots to explain your answer. [16]
3. An airplane weighing 250,000 N, S = 80 m2 has its drag polar given as
CD = 0.016 + 0.04 CL2 . Plot the thrust vs. velocity curve and obtain lift coefficient
for minimum drag. What is the significance of this condition? [16]
4. Show that the Complex Potential function w = (q/2π) Ln (z-zo ) represents a source
located at zo . Sketch the streamlines and equipotential lines. [16]
5. A long elliptic cylinder of t / c ratio = 1 / 7, is set in , and with its major axis
parallel to, a uniform irrotational stream of 35.4 m / s. Calculate the pressure
difference between pressure holes set in the nose and at the point of maximum
thickness. [16]
6. Show from ideal actuator disc theory that the ’inflow’ factor of a single propeller
driving the airplane in st. and level flight depends upon its flight speed, drag
coefficient, wing plan form area and propeller diameter. [16]
7. An airplane is powered by a single engine, whose speed-power variation is given

Speed(rpm) 1800 1900 2000 2100

Power(kW) 1072 1113 1156 1189

The fixed pitch airscrew of 3.05 m has the following characteristics:

J 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50
KT 0.118 0.115 0.112 0.109 0.106 0.103
KQ 0.0157 0.0154 0.0150 0.0145 0.0139 0.0132

and is directly coupled to the engine crankshaft. What will be airscrew thrust and
efficiency during the initial climb at 52 m/s. [16]
8. Describe with neat sketches / plots a fully articulated rotor system of a helicopter.
Explain its action in effecting collective and cyclic pitch as desired by the pilot.
[16]

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Code No: RR222101 Set No. 4
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