WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste Management
Issues and Challenges March-2011
n.k.agarwal ex-Director, GSI Geo-Consultant & Advisor

email: info@higeosindia.com mandira_nk@yahoo.com Phone: +919760099015

What is Waste

?
Why Should We Manage Waste

?
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Waste is Waste
Any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

Wastes produced by manufacturing industry (can cover everything from inert to hazardous waste).
Unwanted materials produced in or eliminated from an industrial operation and categorized under a variety of headings, such as liquid wastes, sludge, solid wastes, and hazardous wastes. Any liquid, gaseous, or solid waste resulting from any process of industry, manufacturing, trade, or business or from the development of any natural resource. Any garbage, refuse, and other solid waste from residential, commercial, industrial, and community activities that the generator of the waste aggregates for collection, but does not include auto hulks, street sweepings, ash, construction debris, mining waste, sludges, tree and agricultural Solid materials discarded by homes and businesses in or near urban areas.
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Waste Types
Domestic Waste
Garbage - spoiled food stuffs, leftovers, un-edible foods, paper, plastic, glass, packaging unused materials etc.; unserviceable gadgets/appliances etc. E-Waste Electronic household gadgets/appliances, equipments Landscape Waste - Garden, lawns, muck etc. Construction/Demolition Debris, muck Industrial Waste Production Line - inert to hazardous waste, Unwanted materials - produced in or eliminated from an industrial operation and categorized under a variety of headings, such as liquid wastes, sludge, solid wastes, and hazardous wastes. Packaging waste Construction/Demolition Debris Special Waste Nuclear Waste

Health Care Bio-medical waste - medicines, containers, needles etc.

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Waste Types (contd.)

Miscellaneous Commerce and Trade Waste Any liquid, gaseous, or solid waste resulting from any process of industry, manufacturing, trade, or business or from the development of any natural resource. Construction debris, mining waste - Any garbage, refuse, and other waste from industrial and community activities Street Sweeping - Waste aggregating from roads, drains, avenues etc. Agriculture & Parks Litter, waste etc., tree and agricultural Recreational Activities - Litter, Garbage etc.

A Vicious Cycle
Natural Resource Utilisation

Value Addition

Quality of Life

Consumerism

Waste Generation
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A Vicious Cycle (contd.)

Value Addition Processing Stages

Natural Resource WASTE Generation

as part of Flow Sheets

End User

Selective Transformation of Matter, e.g. 3 kg Cu 1 tonne of Ore 3:1000 3 kg Cu Water, Electricity, Reagents,

WASTE

Machine, Manpower, Utility

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Impacts of Waste
Waste generation is inevitable but, it needs to be contained and scientifically and/or efficiently disposed
Adverse Effects :
Aesthetic Loss due to dispersal Spread pathogens through carriers like mosquitoes, flies, rodents, scavenging birds Pollution of surface-subsurface water pollution Air pollution Drainage clogging

Explosions
Fire hazard Nuclear radiation hazard

Health Safety Environment

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GHG emissions

Why Should We Manage Waste

?
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Waste Management is Essential Condition

for SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable Development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

The Unique Planet is a Better Place to Live

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Why Should We Manage Waste

~ 6.2 million tonnes of hazardous wastes is annually generated in India. Indiscriminate and unscientific disposal of waste in common and captive incinerators leads to the loss of vital resource. Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management causes severe Environmental Risks if not operated in an environmentally sound manner. Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management invites Socio-Economic Stresses. Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management invites Legal Actions. Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management invites HSE issues. Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management leads to loss of Productivity and increases Downtime. Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management leads to Aesthetic Loss.

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Waste Can be
Source of Employment

Income Generator Or
Cause of Health Safety and Environment Hazard
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Resource Utilisation Issues ?

Waste Management - A Challenge
Indias Population (Census-2001) Urban Population Rural Population Urban Areas (Cities / Towns) = = = = 1027.73 million 286.24 million 742.49 million 5161

Annual MSW Generation = 42.0 million tons Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum With urban population increasing between 3 and 3.5% per annum Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually

Current Population = 1166.97 million (18.2.2011)

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What is Municipal Waste ?

All Household waste collected by Local Self Govt. Bodies like Municipal Bodies or their agents is termed as (MSW)

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Waste Generation Per Capita/Day

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Composition of MSW-Comparison

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Common Waste Disposal Methods

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN INDIA Article 48 A Constitution of India

In the Directive Principles of State Policy, Article 48-A was inserted The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and for safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country (42nd amendment w.e.from. 3 January 1977

Article 51 A(g) Constitution of India

In the Directive Principles of State Policy, Article 51-A was inserted (Fundamental Duties) It shall be fundamental duty of every citizen of India : to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures. (42nd amendment w.e.from. 3 January 1977

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Economics of Recycling
Aluminum
Recycling one kilogram of aluminum saves up to 8 kilograms of bauxite, four kilograms of chemical products and14 kilowatt hours of electricity. For every ton of recycled glass used, approx 315 kilos of Carbon dioxide and 1.2 tons of raw materials are spared. It takes 20 times more energy to make aluminum from bauxite ore than using recycled aluminum.

Glass

Paper

A 20% reduction in emissions from glass furnaces and up to 32% reduction in energy usage. A ton of paper from recycled Milling paper from material conserves about 7,000 recycled paper uses 20% gallons of water, 17-31 trees, less energy. 60 lb of air pollutants and 4,000 KWh of electricity.
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Technologies Adaption

Create a Waste Cycle

Reduce Waste

Reuse Waste
Recycle Waste Recover Waste
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Strategy

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Common Scenario Waste Management

STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING. DOMESTIC WASTE THROWN ON STREETS. TRADE WASTE ON ROADS / STREETS. CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS LEFT UNATTENDED BIO-MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM.

INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF IN OPEN AREAS.

SEGREGATION OF RECYCLABLE WASTE AT SOURCE NOT DONE.

PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT PLACE OF GENERATION.

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Common Scenario Waste Management (contd.)

DESIGN & LOCATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE STORAGE DEPOTS INAPPROPRIATE, RESULTING IN LITTERING OF GARBAGE . STREET SWEEPING NOT DONE EVERYDAY. WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES. WASTE PROCESSING PARTIALLY PRACTISED. FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING. RAG PICKERS COLLECT RECYCLABLES FROM MUNICIPAL BINS / DUMPSITES AND LITTER THE WASTE CAUSING INSANITARY CONDITIONS. DISPERSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE WASTE. INDISCRIMINATE AND UNSCIENTIFIC RECYCLING OF DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL WASTE.

POOR OR LACK OF HSE REGULATION COMPLIANCE.

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Waste Management Issues

Lack of knowledge of Environmental Regulations and the need to comply Poor Enforcement Mechanism Lack of Public Awareness Poor/Inadequate or Lack of Consultants Advice No one wants to Invest in Waste Management Absence of Integration of Health Safety & Environment Waste Reduction Strategies

Hazardous Waste Identification and Disposal Mechanism.

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Waste Management Routes

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Bio-Medical Waste
DANGERS OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE Bio-medical waste can spread infectious diseases such as hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis, pneumonia and meningitis. Hospital employees, patients, rag pickers and those living in the vicinity of hospitals or illegal dumping grounds are at risk.

Poor infection control practices can lead to nosocomial infections (infections caught at hospitals).
Infected disposables can be repackaged and sold to clinics or hospitals. Medicines can be repackaged and sold by counterfeiters to unsuspecting buyers. Poor bio-medical waste management can lead to air, water and soil pollution.
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The Colour CODE

MANEGING WITH COLOURS
Under the rules, hospitals are required to segregate bio-medical waste into four categories

Coding
Yellow Bin Red Bin Blue Bin Black Bin

Waste Waste
Anatomical, microbiological & biotechnological Waste, Soiled Cotton, Dressings & Beddings Disposable Items Tubings, Catheters, Intravenous Sets

Treatment
Incineration and Deep Burial of Ash

Autoclaving/Chemical Treatment and Shredding

Autoclaving/Chemical Treatment and Shredding

Sharp Waste- Needles, syringes, Scalpels etc. and Plastic Disposable Items Tubings, Catheters and Intravenous Sets
Discarded Medicines and Chemical Waste

Deep Burial

Soiled waste, microbiology and biotechnology waste can also go in the red bag for autoclaving and shredding. Plastic disposable items can go either in the blue or red bag.
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Economics of Waste ?

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Waste the Menace

Let Us Find Solutions

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Dangerous Disposal

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WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION & COMPLIANCE MECHANISM

The Starter

Rio. Stockholm.Copenhagen..A Global Concern

Quality of Life
The Environment (Protection) Act 1986
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Environmental Regulations
S.No.
1 2 3 4 5

Year
1974 1975 1977 1978 1981

Environmental Regulations
Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution Act) Amendments, 1988 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Rules The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Amendments, 1987 The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Rules The Environment (Protection) Act, Amendments (1989,1990,1993,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001) The Environmental (Protection) Rules E (P) Act Notification Environment Statement E (P) Act Notification Environmental Clearance Amendments in the Environment Clearance, Notification Public Hearing made mandatory The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, Amendments, 2000, Draft Amendments 2002 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, Amendments, 1994, 2000

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7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1982/ 1983 1986

1986 1992 1994 1997 1989 1989

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Environmental Regulations (contd.)

S.No.
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 24

Year
1991 1995 1997 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2001

Environmental Regulations
The Public Liability Insurance Act/Rules, 1992 The National Environment Tribunal Act Prohibition on the Handling of Azo dyes The National Environment Appellate Authority Act The Bio-Medical Waste (M&H), Rules Notification for making 100% Utilization of Fly-ash made mandatory Municipal Solid Waste (M&H) Rules Ozone Depleting Substance (R&C) Rules Regulation on recycling of Waste Oil and Nonferrous scrape Noise Pollution (Regulations and Control) Batteries (M&H) Rules

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Jurisdiction of Environmental Legislation In India

Central Government
Ministry of Environment & Forest (Regional Offices) Central Pollution Control Board (Zonal Offices)

State Government
State Department of Environment

State Pollution Control Board/ State Pollution Committee (Regional Offices)

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1. The Water (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act, 1974

Provide information to the SPCB

Provide access to the SPCB for taking samples

Allow entry to the SPCB to ascertain that the provisions of the Act are being compiled with. Responsibilities: Obtain Consent to Establish Obtain Consent to Operate Apply for renewal of the Consent to Operate before the expiry of validity period Consent to be deemed as granted automatically and unconditionally after four months from the date of application already given or refused before this period Refusal of Consent to be recorded in writing Pay Water Cess as indicated in the assessment order Affix water meters of the prescribed standards Provide access to SPCB Pay interest in case of delay in paying the Water Cess Pay penalty for non-payment of Cess Industry is entitled to 25% rebate if meeting certain conditions

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2. The Air (Prevention & Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981

Comply with the conditions in the Consent to Establish or Consent to Operate

Not to discharge air pollutant(s) in excess of the prescribed standards

Furnish information to the SPCB of any accident or unforeseen act or event Allow entry to the SPCB to ascertain that provisions of the Act are being complied with Provide information to enable SPCB to implement the Act Provide access to the SPCB for taking samples Comply with the directions issued in writing by the SPCB Obtain Consent to Establish Obtain Consent to Operate Apply for the renewal of Consent to Operate before expiry of the validity period
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2. The Air (Prevention & Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981 (contd.)

Consent to be deemed as granted after four months from the date of receipt of application if no communication from the SPCB is received A prior Notice of Inspection to be served by the SPCB Industry to ensure that specified emission sampling procedure is being followed by the SPCB Opportunity to file objections with the SPCB within 15 days from the date of service of notice PCB to record reasons in writing in case it does not provide an opportunity to the industry to file objections

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3. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Comply with the directions issued by the Central Government. The direction may include: closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, or stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity, water or any other service Prevent discharges or emissions excess of the prescribed standards Furnish information of any accidental or unforeseen event Allow entry and inspection to ascertain compliance

Allow samples to be taken

Submit an Environmental Statement every year before 30th September to the SPCB Obtain prior Environmental Clearances from MoEF, in case of a new project or for modernization/expansion of the existing project
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4. The Hazardous Waste (Management And Handling) Rules, 1989, Amendments 2000
Check whether the waste(s) generated covered in Schedule 1 and 2 of the amendment rules, 2000 If covered, apply in the Prescribed Format to obtain an Authorization for proper treatment and disposal of hazardous waste(s) and comply with the conditions specified in the authorization Take steps, wherever feasible for reduction, recovery and recycling of wastes

Ensure proper collection, reception, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes
Apply for renewal of authorization before expiry of the validity period

Maintain records of hazardous wastes handling (Form 3)

Submit Annual Returns to the SPCB (Form 4) Report to the SPCB any accident

Labeling, Packaging, Transportation of HW as per Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 and Rules 1989

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5. The Hazardous Waste (Management And Handling) Rules, 1989, Amendments 2000, Draft Amendments 2002

Clarification on the definition of Hazardous Wastes List of hazardous waste according to schedule 1 is being modified Procedure for registration of re-processors of non-ferrous scrap and waste oil Schedule for hazardous wastes prohibited for import to and export from India

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6.Manufacture, Storage And Import Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 1994, 2000

Of

Hazardous

Identify whether the chemicals handled, used and stored or imported are covered in the Schedule 1 and/or 3 of the Rules, Schedule 2 for isolated storages.

If covered in schedule 1:
Occupier to identify hazards associated with industrial activity and take adequate steps for prevention and control Occupier to provide relevant information to persons liable to be affected by a major accident Occupier to develop information in the form of a safety data sheet Occupier to notify the concerned authorities within 48 hours of the occurrence of a major accident Occupier to label the specified information on every container of hazardous chemicals.

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6.Manufacture, Storage And Import Of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 1994, 2000 (contd.)
Occupier to submit an up-to-date safety report at least ninety days before making any modification. Occupiers of new and existing industrial activities to carry out safety audit and submit report within 30 days. Occupier to submit a safety audit update report once a year and forwarding a copy within 30 days. Occupier to prepare up-to-date on-site emergency plan before commencing a new industrial activity involving specified chemicals. Occupier shall conduct a Mock drill of emergency plan every six months and submit a report.

Occupier to maintain records of imports of hazardous chemicals and to provide information to the concerned Authority.
Occupier to ensure the transportation of hazardous chemicals as per the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
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7.The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 Owner to provide relief in case of death or injury or damage to property from an accident on the principle of no fault. Owner to draw insurance polices more than the paid-up capital but less than Rs. 50 Crore. Paid-up Capital is the market value of all assets and stocks on the date of insurance. Owner to pay additional amounts as contribution to the Environmental Relief Fund. Owner to provide any information required for ascertaining compliance with the provisions of the Act . Owner to allow entry and inspection to ascertain compliance with the provisions of the Act. Owner to pay the amount of an award as specified by the Collector.

Comply with the directions issued in writing by the Central Government, directions may include ;
prohibition or regulations of handling of any hazardous substances, or stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity, water or any other service.
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8.Grant of Environmental Clearance (1994)

If the industrial unit comes under the specified project, then environmental clearance would be required from the Ministry of Environnent and Forests for new projects as well as for Expansion / modernisation of Existing projects if pollution load is increasing.

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Who Requires Environmental Clearance?

The following project categories are required to obtain environmental clearance New Projects If investment is more than Rs. 100 Crore Nuclear power plant and related projects, such as Heavy Water Plants, nuclear fuel complex, rare earths. River valley projects including hydro power, major irrigation projects and a combination, including flood control, Ports harbours, airports (except minor ports and harbours) Petroleum refineries including crude and product pipelines. Chemical fertilizers Exploration for oil & gas and their production transportation and storage Synthetic Rubber Primary metallurgical industaries ; Electric Arc Furnaces (Mini Steel Plants) Viscose staple fibre and filament yarn Storage batteries integrated with the manufacture of oxides of lead & lead antimony alloy, Thermal power plants Pulp paper and newsprint Cement
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Who Requires Environmental Clearance? (contd.)

Any project proposed to be located within twenty five Km of :

Reserved forests
Ecologically sensitive areas which may include National Parks, Sanctuaries,

Biosphere Reserves,
Critically polluted areas

Or within fifty kms of inter-state boundary shall require environmental clearance from the Central Government
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Who Requires Environmental Clearance? (contd.)

The following project categories, irrespective of the investment :

Pesticides
Bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals Asbestos and asbestos products, All tourism projects between 200 500 meters of a High Tide Line and at locations with an elevation of more than 1,000 meters with investments of more than Rs. 5 Crore. Mining projects (with leases of more than 5 hectares) Highway projects except projects relating to improvement work Petrochemical Complexes Tarred roads in the Himalaya and forest areas Distilleries Raw skins and hides Dyes Foundries Chlor-alkali industry Hydrocyanic Acid Electroplating Meta amine phenol Small scale industrial units in project categories mentioned above. With investments less than Rs. 1 Crore and Which are on the reserved list Are exempted from environnemental clearance
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Most Important
Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.
Proper segregation of wastes & Labeling as specified
Install Pollution Control Systems Like Incinerators, autoclaves or microwaves or adopt deep burial and meet the prescribed limits of emissions Comply with the dead-line stipulated to install the pollution control systems Transportation of waste as per the norms.

Regulation on Recycling of Waste Materials, 1999, 2000

The waste materials targeted : waste oils, lead acid batteries, non-ferrous wastes The auction / sale of these materials to only authorised recyclers who are registered with the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India No trader can take such types of waste
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Procedural Requirements to Operate an Industry

Seek from SPCB the Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate under Water and Air Acts and apply for their renewal Submit to the SPCB Water Cess Return as per the periodicity given Comply with the effluent / mission standards for source or General Standards as per the E(P) Act

Seek from SPCB an `autorisation under the HW under the HW (M & H) Rules and apply for its renewal
Maintain the records of the hazardous Waste produced

Seek Environmental Clearance for the specified project

Submit Environmental Statement every year

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Procedural Requirements under MSIHC, Rules covered

Follow the requirements given in the MSIHC, Rules

Provide the workers with information, training & equipment

Inform the major accidents to the prescribed authority Notification of Site & Submit Safety Report if applicable

Prepare on-site emergency plan

Undertake Mock audits Submit `Safety Audit Report to the Prescribed Authority

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules- 1989

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Labelling, packaging and transportation of hazardous chemicals

Motor Vehicle Act / Rules

The Indian Boilers Act 1923 & Rules 1961

The Indian Electricity Act 1910 & Rules 1956 The Explosives Act, Gas Cylinder Rules 1981 The Pressure Vessels Act, Rules, 1981

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EP Act 1986 makes possible the issuance of many Rules:

1989 Hazardous Waste Rules

1998 Biomedical Waste Rules

1999 1999 2000 2000 Rules for Recycled Plastics, Fly Ash Notification Municipal Solid Waste Rules Battery Mgt & Handling Rules
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1998 Rules require different wastes to be kept un-mixed

A typical 200-bed hospital generates 70% general waste (can dispose with MSW) 20% recyclable waste (chop and disinfect) 10% Incinerable waste (twin-burner system)
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A Challenge to be Conquered
Biomed segregation practices are rarely followed
Official apathy at top, or not aware of Rules. Still open burning, or use of single-burner models installed earlier. Poor air-scrubbers. New technology must catch up with needs. Centralised units are better than having many chimneys within the city. Scams have begun: e.g. biodegradable bags for incineration!
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MSW is unusable by farmers after Plastic Yug began

In fields it prevents germination and absorption of rain by the soil
Left uncollected in cities, it blocks drains, causes flooding, kills cows that eat garbage Dumped outside city limits, waste is a curse for villagers, bringing smoke, flies, dogs
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Plague was a wake-up call to clean up filth, which Surat did!

WP 888/96 in Honble Supreme Court asking all States and UTs to follow hygienic SWM practices forced City Managers to think about waste. Honble Supreme Court appointed a Committee, which resulted in two referendums on SWMgt.
Honble Supreme Court asked statutory bodies

to endeavour to comply with the Barman Committee Report

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Hazardous Waste Generating Units in Uttarakhand (2009-10)

(as on December 31, 2009)

Total Waste (tpa)

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name of District Haridwar Dehradun Pauri Garhwal U.S. Nagar Nainital Champawat Uttarkashi Chamoli Almora Total No. of Industries 67 42 3 96 7 3 1 1 1 221 3303.64 Disposable Recyclable 1711.03 17.96 0.01 1573.56 1.08 0 0 0 6808.975 25.54 29.05 1839.407 12.428 22.8 2.0 3.6 8743.80 2364.51 0 0 0 0 3189.70
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Incinerable 531.735 23.41

Under Assessment

No Land-filling of biodegradable waste

Landfill only compost rejects and inerts (debris)
MSW Rules Sept 2000 say:
By 31.12.2001 improve existing landfills By Dec 2002 identify & prepare landfill sites By Dec 2003 Set up waste processing and disposal facilities
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Future Projections
Between 2000 and 2025 the waste composition of Indian garbage :

Organic Waste will go up from 40 percent to 60 percent

Plastic Waste will rise from 4% to 6%

Metal Waste will escalate from 1% to 4%

Glass Waste will increase from 2% to 3%

Paper Waste will climb from 5% to 15%

Other Waste (ash, sand, grit) will decrease from 47% to 12%
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Some Hard Facts

The urban local bodies spend approximately Rs.500 to Rs.1500 per tonne on solid waste for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. About 60-70% of this amount is spent on collection, 20-30% on transportation and less than 5% on final disposal.

Calorific value of Indian solid waste is between 600

and 800 Kcal/Kg and the density of waste is

between 330 and 560 Kg/m3.

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MSW Management & Handling Rules 2000

As per these Rules all urban local bodies Have Responsibilities : Proper collection, transportation, storage, processing and disposal of the municipal wastes. Only the residual inerts after due processing of waste are to be disposed off into a sanitary landfill in accordance with these rules. The rules advocate the use of composting, Biomethanation, pelletization with or without energy recovery and other thermal processes for adoption as processing techniques for municipal wastes.
Biomethanation Formation of methane by microbes ( methanogens)
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CAUTION
Unscientific and Indiscriminate Waste Disposal is a Threat to Health, Safety and Environment Air Pollution Surface & Ground Water Pollution Landscape Scarring Pest, Parasites and Pathogens
Seek Geological-Geotechnical Advice for Waste Disposal Sites

Landfill Site Selection Incineration Site Selection Sewage Treatment Site Selection Trenching Ground Site Selection Subsurface Drainage Layout Septic Tank Location
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Waste Management is Every ones Concern

LET US PLEDGE OURSELVES FOR ZERO WASTE DISPERSAL HABITAT

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nk. agarwal Geo-Consultant & Advisor ex Director, GSI

email: info@higeosindia.com +919760099015 (m) +91135 2653451

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