Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. Rana Singh Associate Professor Accurate Institute of Management and Technology www.ranasingh.org MBA(Gold Medalist), Ph. D. 9811828987 Singh_rana@yahoo.com
Presentation Agenda
Part-A World Population & world GNI India vis--vis Global Realities Role of WTO in reducing global inequities Globalisation as a way out to bridge the gap between the Rich and the Poor Globalisation: Concept & Components India vis--vis Globalisation Index Part-B India as an Emerging Global Market Broad contours of Indian Economy Reform packages Twenty-Point Policy Initiatives Global Business Leaders opinions about India Part-C Performance of the Indian Economy in Post-LPG Era Part-D Limitations of the Economic Development Approach: Paradigm shift in terms of Human Development Human Developemnt: Concept and Components HDI and its Trends Concluding observations
Distribution of World Population and World GNI among various groups of Countries in 2003 (Exchange Rate Basis) GNI (Billion US $) Total Population (million) 2,310 2990 (36.8) (47.7) GNI Per Capita (US $) 450 1,920
1. Low Income Economies 2. Middle Income Economics 3. High Income Economics World China India
1,038 5,732
(3.0) (16.6)
27,732
(80.4)
971
(15.5)
28,550
GNI (Billion US $)
Total Population
(million)
(US $)
World
34,502
(100.0)
6271
(100.0)
5,500
China
1,417
(4.1)
1,288
(20.5)
1,100
India
568
(1.6)
1,064
(17.0)
530
GLOBALIZATION CONCEIVED AS A WAY OUT TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THE RICH AND THE POOR COUNTRIES THE CONCEPT AND THE SCOPE OF GLOBALIZATION There are different connotations and ramifications of the much talked about term Globalization. But from the point of view of Economy, Business, Human Development, and Management, the term Globalization connotes the following four basic aspects:
More choices Lower prices Blurred national identity for products and services Career choices and progression
-Fifteen Years of consistent efforts on the part of India in terms of Globalizing its Economy, It has not been in a position to find a place among the top 20 Globalized countries of the world. -The four important components of globalization are
-ECONOMIC INTEGRATION -PERSONAL CONTACT -TECHNOLOGY -POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT
There is a common myth that Globalization benefits developed countries at the cost of under-developed countries. For instance, Japan figures at the 2nd largest economy of the world next to U.S.A., but in terms of Globalization Index Rankings (G.I.R.), Japan is at No.38. Similarly, Germany, which is considered as the 3rd largest economy of the world, figures at No.14 in terms of G.I.R.. The more startling contrast is provided by China, which in the year 2005 emerged as the 4th largest economy of the world relegating U.K. to a lower position, figures at 53rd ranking of the Globalization Index. This is so because the G.I.R. are based on parameters, which are not exactly the same, which constitute the size of the economy.
Judged from the globalization index rankings, India figures at Rank No.49 and small countries like Uganda, Tunisia, Senegal, Romania, Ukraine, Sri Lanka etc. have scored higher ranks than India. Its a great surprise that in this ranking, Ireland is number 1, followed by Switzerland, whereas the great and most powerful economy of the world, namely, U.S.A. figures at Rank No.12. This ranking has been given out of 62 countries and Iran figures at the last rank.
Concept of IB Contd..
International transactions
Economic transactions that cross borders
International trade
Occurs when companies import or export across borders
International investment
Occurs when companies invest their resources across national boundaries
International firm
Those engaged in international business
Concept of IB Contd..
Multinational Enterprise (MNE)
A firm that has directly invested abroad Has at least one working affiliate in a foreign country
Strategic Motives
Capitalize on distinctive resources or capabilities already developed at home Be the first mover in a target foreign market Benefit from vertical integration involving different countries Follow the companys major customers abroad
INDIA AS AN EMERGING GLOBAL MARKET The process of Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (L.P.G.) initiated since 1991 have made India a Brand Destination as the 5th largest economy of the world next to U.S.A., Japan, Germany, and China. The macro-economic variables, which have put India in such an enviable global position have been:
Economic Reforms-contours
Industrial Policy Reforms Industrial delicensing and deregulation Licensing limited to only 6 sectors: on security, public health & safety considerations Liberal policy on technology collaboration Trade Policy Reforms Most items on Open General License, Quantitative Restrictions lifted Progressive reduction in customs duty Imports grew at 34% in 2004-05 to reach US$105 billion Foreign Trade Policy To double Indias share in global merchandise trade in 5 years
Economic Reforms
Rationalisation of direct and indirect tax structure
Peak Custom duty: 15% Corporate Tax: 30% Tariff to be aligned with ASEAN levels
Policies on outward investments also liberalised 5th among Rupee made fully convertible the top on trade account reformers in Fiscal Responsibility & Budget 2003: World Bank Management Act
Revenue deficit to be brought to zero by 2008
In addition to the above reform packages, the country Has taken the following Twenty-Point policy initiatives to put The Indian Economy on the Global Map
1.Enhancing Competitiveness of the economy 2.Liberalization of Foreign Director Investment (FDI) Policy 3.Foreign Technology Collaborations 4.Easing of Foreign Exchange Controls 5.Lowering of Tax Rates both for individuals and corporates
Contd..
6. Strengthening of infrastructural support 7. Revolutionary milestones in IT and IT enabled services 8.Virtual revolution in telecommunications 9. The gigantic quadrangular development of national highways connecting North to South and East to West 10. Strengthening of special economic zones
11. Massive growth in Automobile and Auto component Industry 12.Impressive performance of Textiles and Garments and their vast potential for future 13. Impressive strides in Biotechnology and Pharma Industry 14. Integrated Circuit Technology (ICT) benefits 15.Bilateral and Multilateral Trade Agreements with leading economies of the world including U.S.A., E.U., ASEAN, NAFTA, GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC), etc.
16. Developed brain power facilitating knowledge power outsourcing in several fields, such as, software development, IT enabled services, Medical researches and Health care tourism, consulting etc. 17. Healthcare, Sports, and Eco-tourism 18. Indian corporates turning out to be multinationals 19. Strong scientific and technological manpower pool 20. Sound foundations laid in terms of excellence in education through IIMs, IITs, Engineering and Technology Institutions, etc.
India can be a major part of Dells operations and we are looking to capitalize on Indias human capital MICHAEL DELL, DELL
India is handling the most sophisticated projects in the world.I am impressed with the quality of work BILL GATES, MICROSOFT
The echo of the above global leaders sentiments has found Expressive Support In the behavior of Foreign Institutional Investments in Asia favouring India Foreign Institutional Investments (FIIs) Destination : Select Asian Countries ($ million)
2000 Malaysia Thailand China Indonesia India 2001 2002 2003 2004
-2,472 -649 -1,712 1,097 -712 -881 -1,606 -73 -3,991 -19,406 -10,342 11,427 -1,911 -244 1,222 2,251 2,346 2,853 1,023 8,216
Source : Asian Development Bank (ADB) Report, 2005 Source: Business & Economy, New Delhi, (30.12.2005 12.01.2006)
NDP AND GROWTH RATE IN DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES 1993-94 TO 2003-04 At 1993 94 prices
Category 1993-94 (Rs. in Crores) 2,29,829 1,03,739 65,774 37,965 38,749 98,627 91,324 5,303 22,888 40,431 48,275 6,97,992
Agriculture and allied activities Manufacturing Of which Organised Unorganised [Non-Corporate] Construction Trade, Hotels and Restaurant On which Trade Hotels and Restaurant Non-Railway transport Real Estate, ownership of Dwellings and Business Services Other Services Total NP [including other Activities]
Note: Source: Source:
The NDP figures are at 1993-94 prices and the growth rate is the geometric average growth rate at constant 1993-1994 prices during the period. It is computed from the NAS 2005. National Accounts Statistics [NAS] 2005, Central Statistical Organisation [CSO], GOI, New Delhi. Business Line, New Delhi, 12/01/2006
SHARE OF NATIONAL INCOME AND GROWTH RATES At 1993 94 prices Rs. Crore and %
Category
6.17
8.2
Note : Source:
We have included construction as part of services. The NDP figures are at 1993-94 prices and the growth rate is the geometric average growth rate at constant 1993-94 prices during the period. It is computed from the NAS 2005. computed from data in National Accounts Statistics [NAS-2005, Central Statistical Organization [CSO], G.O.I New Delhi
Source:
Policy makers assumed that effects of higher economic growth would trickle down to poor. Mahbub ul Haq challenged this conventional wisdom and asserted that there was no automatic link between economic growth & human development. Economic growth is necessary but not a sufficient condition for human progress. Governments need to actively focus on HD goals & direct & use their resources efficiently so that economic growth leads to empowerment of people & poverty alleviation. Peoples needs & their aspirations must be at the centre of all development efforts, asserted Haq.
Therefore
Growth Advocates: Expanding income is an end in itself Growth does trickle down HD Advocates: income is a means; enhancing peoples capabilities the end Simultaneous expansion of choices in other dimensions social, cultural, political and economic not accept trickle down as automatic
Index HDI
What it measures Average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of HD Adjusts the average achievement of the HDI to reflect the inequalities between men and women Focuses on women s opportunities rather than their
GDI
GEM
For each component, individual indices are computed according to the general formula: Index=(actual value minimum value) / (maximum value minimum value) The Education Index is compiled as 2/3(adult literacy index) + 1/3(gross enrolment index)
HDI trends
The CIS is the only region to witness an overall decline in its HDI. Nearly all the countries saw a sizeable deterioration in their income indicator, with the notable exception of Poland. Roughly half of the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean recorded either a decline or stagnation in income during the 1990s. East Asia and the Pacific region continues to forge ahead, with virtually every country making progress compared with 1990. Laos, China, Thailand and Malaysia all moved ahead in the HDI rankings. In South Asia, too, there were HDI improvements across the board.
Science & Engineering (S&E) Job Growth Projected to Exceed Overall Job Growth Rate
Projected Increase in Employment, Percent Change from 2000 to 2010
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 All Occupations All S&E Occupations
47
15
Number of S&E Doctoral Degrees Awarded Growing Faster Worldwide Than in US Compounded Annual Growth Rate of S&E Doctoral Degrees
Awarded, 1991-2001
China Taiwan South Korea Japan United Kingdom France India Germany United States 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
TO CONCLUDE
What should we do ? Reduction in economic and social inequalities of macro and microeconomic variables Promotion of Equality of opportunities for all people across the nations, regions, people societies, cultures and genders Focus on contributing to the overall GDP of the Indian Economy Emphasis on crystallizing and outperforming international benchmarks in all sectors of the economy Aim at achieving excellence in all spheres of operations
Earnest endeavours on Invention, Innovation, R& D, and patents of state of the art technology, products, systems and processes
- Nurture high ambition and aspiration levels in Individual, organizational and international domains
-
Focus on Technology related areas and its overall contributions to Quality of life so as to maximize Indias Ranking on HDI Frontier Adherence to Sterling Benchmarks of behaviors based on universal ethics and values Commitment to preserve the environmental sustainability in the long run
Thank You!