Unit 8

illusion

meaning of life

purpose

1purpose

Paul Tillich

1
2

Camus1955
page i
Metz2002
Metz2007

highest good

the meaning of life

Unit 1

Unit 12
Milan Kundera1929-

E. D. Klemke the meaning of life

3

Apology

Plato,
Apology, 21A

Plato, Apology, 21B-21E

3

existpurpose

significancevalue4 Klemke

T.
Metz5

1879 My Confession
7

8 My
Confession

My Confession
16 parts

4
5
6
7
8

Klemke2000
2
Metz2002

Metz2007

Tolstoy1879

Klemke2000
Hanfling1987

Thomas Nagel1937-

9
Nagel
matters
Thomas Nagel
9

Nagel1987
page 95-96Thomas Nagel John Rawls
Thomas Nagel
consciousness
altruism
7

10

Bertrand A. W. Russell1872-1970

Time
FateDeath

passion
burn with
11

Bertrand A. W. Russell

Craig 12
ultimate meaning
ultimate value

ultimate purposeabsurdity

10
11
12

Nagel1987
Chapter 10
Russell, 1957
Craig, 1994
8

13

illusion

Arthur Schopenhauer1788-1860
existence

actuality
14
becoming
being
15

16
17John Rawls19212002 Walter
T. Stace1886-1967

David Hume1711-1776
is
just what it is

13

14

Schopenhauer1970

Russell1957

John Rawls 20

15
16

17


the Great Illusion

18

200

significancemeaning

Walter T. Stace

19
1
loveloneliness

18
19

Stace1967

10

Saints2

20

ultimate meaning
Paul Tillich1886-1965

Paul Tillich

ultimate meaning

higher Beinghuman being

21

higher Being

20
21

Autobiography
Klemke2000
295
Klemke2000
part oneWohlgennant1981
Cottingham2003
Metz2002

Metz2003 Metz2005
11

Immanuel Kant1724-1804

Sren A.
Kierkegaard

Erich Fromm

Erich Fromm
1900-1980
Maimonides Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon1135-1204

22

Moshe Maimon

22

I am who I amI am that I am

12

higher being

Walter T. Stace
1948 Atlantic Monthly Man Against
Darkness

Time and Eternity

23

purpose Thomas Nagel

1
true
Why

Thomas Nagel 24
Walter T. Stace Time and Eternity

experience
conscious- nessmoral
intuition

23

24

Times 1952 5 5 After Further Thought

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,820781,00.html?promoid=googlep
Nagel1987
page 96
13

25

25

14

ultimate truthultimate meaning

My Confession

340

Ludwig WittgensteinPhilosophical
Investigations

15

Nozick 26

higher being

subjective

subjective
objective

1 + 1 2
1 + 1
2 27

26
27

Nozick1989, p. 167; 1981, p. 594-608 Nozick1989,Chap. 15-16; 1981, Chap. 6

2.25
16

truth

tamed subjectivity

candidates

significance

Viktor Frankel1905-1997

28

28

Ayer1990
James1900
Frankfurt1982

17

Susan Wolf
29 Charles Taylor

30

Richard
Taylor
31

32

33 34

Paul Klee
Wassily Kandinsky

12

29
30
31
32
33

34

Wolf1997
p. 211Susan Wolf Thomas Nagel
Taylor1992
Chap. 4
Taylor198119871999

Baier1997 Metz2002 798

Peter Singer1993, pp. 325-334; 1995, pp. 218-233
Irving Singer1996, Chap. 4
Metz2002 798
Kekes2000
pp. 30.
18

Viktor Frankel
Viktor Frankel

significance

19


significance

significance

commitment

1
23

20

21


A. J. Ayer, 1990, The Meaning of Life. New York: Charles Scribners Sons.
Kurt Baier, 1997, Chaps. 45 in Problems of Life and Death: A Humanist Perspective.
Amherst, Mass.: Prometheus Books.
A. Camus, 1955, The Myth of Sisyphus. Trand. J. Bbrien, New York: Alfred A.
Knopf.
John Cottingham, 2003, On the Meaning of Life. New York: Routledge.
William L. Craig, 1994, The Absurdity of Life without God, in Reasonable Faith:
Christian Truth and Apologies, Good News Publisher, pp. 57-75.
O. Hanfling (Ed), 1987, Life and MeaningA Reader, Cambridge: Basic
Blackwell Inc.
Harry Frankfurt, 1982, The Importance of What We Care About, Synthese, Vol. 53,
pp. 25772.
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New York: Henry Holt & Co., pp. 4994.
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ed. Peter French and Howard Wettstein, pp. 1734. Midwest Studies in
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E. D. Klemke, 2000, The Meaning of Life, Oxford University Press.
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781814.
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161-177.
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19, pp. 251-264.
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Thomas Nagel, 1987, What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to
Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press.
2004
Robert Nozick, 1981, Chap. 6 in Philosophical Explanations. Cambridge, Mass.:

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Harvard University Press.

Robert Nozick, 1989, Chaps. 1516 in The Examined Life. New York: Simon &
Schuster.
Bertrand Russell, 1957, A Free Man's Worship, in Why I am Not a Christian (New
York: Simon and Schuster), pp. 106-107.
http://users.drew.edu/~jlenz/fmw.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/5401/Bertrand-Russell-A-Free-Mans-Worship
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Hopkins University Press.
Peter Singer, 1993, Chap. 12 in Practical Ethics. 2d ed. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
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Prometheus Books.
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Charles Taylor, 1992. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
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Richard Taylor, 1981, The Meaning of Human Existence, Chap. 1 in Values in
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Richard Taylor, 1987, Time and Lifes Meaning, Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 40, pp.
67586.
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http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/tolstoy/confession.html
http://www.grtbooks.com/tolstoy.asp?idx=3&yr=1875&aa=TO&at=AN

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Rudolf Wohlgennant, 1981, Has the Question about the Meaning of Life any
Meaning,in O. Hanfling (Ed), 1987, Life and MeaningA Reader,
Cambridge: Basic Blackwell Inc., pp. 34-38.
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