AD-A280 907

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

Monterey, California
",OSTA T&S.

THE SI S
DTIC QUALITY

.NSPEP.
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MACH NUMBER, FLOW ANGLE, AND LOSS MEASUREMENTS

DOWNSTREAM OF A TRANSONIC FAN-BLADE CASCADE
By
Jeffrey G. Austin
March 1994
Raymond P. Shreeve

Thesis Advisor.

all

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

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INSURUMENT IDLrENTIFICATION NUMBER

N6237693WR00051

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08628-0176

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No. 03

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wualalaca.soa)

MACH NUMBER, FLOW ANGLE, AND LOSS MEASUREMENTS DOWNSTREAM OF A TRANSONIC

FAN-BLADE CASCADE.(UNCLASSIFIED)
12.Pi!k~UNAL

AU I HOR(b)

Austin, Jeffrey G.
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Master'sAiVK
Thesis

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NOTAHIUN

The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of

the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.

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Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction, Transonic Fan Simulation,

Boun
Layer Separation
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Two dimensional flow measurements of Mach number and flow angle were conducted downstream of a
transonic fan-blade cascade at a Mach number of 1.4 to provide baseline data for assessing the effect of vortex
generating devices on the suction surface shock-boundary layer interaction. The experimental program
consisted of the design and calibration of a traversing three-port pneumatic probe to measure Mach number
and flow angle and initial cascade measurements to provide baseline data for the fully-mixed-out total pressure
loss coefficient and flow turning angle. Similar tests are planned with the vortex generating devices installed.
Comparisons with and without the vortex generating devices are needed to quantify the overall effect on the
shock-boundary interaction in a transonic fan-blade passage, and to assess the potential for using vortex
generating devices in military engine fans.

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Raymond P. Shreeve
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Mach Number, Flow Angle, and Loss Measurements Downstream of a Transonic
Fan-Blade Cascade
by
Jeffrey G. Austin
Lieutenant, United States Navy
B.S., University of Puget Sound, 1985
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
March 1994

Author:

___

___

___ _

__

(j
Approved by:

/5
/t

__

__

__M_

__

" Jeffrey G. Austin

t4-.
/

c/t

Raymond P. Shreeve, Thesis Advisor

zj~d /6 - ,$&

Garth V. Hobson, Second Reader

Daniel J. Collins, Chairman,

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics

ii

__

ABSTRACT
Two dimensional flow measurements of Mach number and flow angle were
conducted downstream of a transonic fan-blade cascade at a Mach number of 1.4
to provide baseline data for assessing the effect of vortex generating devices on
the suction surface shock-boundary layer interaction. The experimental program
consisted of the design and calibration of a traversing three-port pneumatic probe
to measure Mach number and flow angle and initial cascade measurements to
provide baseline data for the fully-mixed-out total pressure loss coefficient and
flow turning angle. Similar tests are planned with the vortex generating devices
installed. Comparisons with and without the vortex generating devices are
needed to quantify the overall effect on the shock-boundary interaction in a
transonic fan-blade passage, and to assess the potential for using vortex
generating devices in military engine fans.

Aaeession Par"j

;Dist
AV:nl !-o-,

EL.k

TABLE OF CONTENTS
L

UINTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................

IL EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................

A. PROBE DESIGN .......................................................................................

B. PROBE CALIBRATION .............................................................................

1.

Data Acquisition System ..................................................................

2.

Program of Measurements ...............................................................

3.

Probe Characteristics .......................................................................

4.

Application of the Calibration .........................................................

11

C. TRANSONIC CASCADE MODEL AND DATA ACQUISITION ....... 12

1.

Transonic Cascade Model ..............................................................

12

2.

Data Acquisition System ..................................................................

14

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..............

16

A. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM ...............................................................

16

B. REPEATABILITY TESTS ........................................................................

17

C. TURNING ANGLE DISTRIBUTION ....................................................

19

D. PROBE STATIC PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ...................................

20

E. MODEL BASELINE MEASUREMENTS ............................................

21

iv

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................

30

APPENDIX A. PROGRAM "CALACQ".............................................................

33

APPENDIX B. PROBE CALIBRATION RAW DATA ......................................

37

APPENDIX C. APPLICATION OF THE CALIBRATION .................................

39

APPENDIX D. PROGRAM "NEW_READZOCI" ...........................................

46

APPENDIX E. MIXED-OUT LOSS CALCULATION .......................................

60

APPENDIX F. SELECTED RAW DATA .............................................................

64

LIST OF REFERENCES ..........................................................................................

70

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST ..............................................................................

72

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.

PROBE CALIBRATION COEFFICIENTS .................................... 11

TABLE 2.

REPEATABILITY TESTS

TABLE 3.

MEASURED PRESSURES AND PORTS ASSIGNED .........

22

TABLE 4.

PROBE TRAVERSE POSITION ...............................................

22

TABLE 5.

BASELINE TUNNEL CONDITIONS .......................................

23

TABLE 6.

BASELINE FULLY-MIXED-OUT CONDITIONS ................

23

TABLE B1.

PROBE CALIBRATION RAW DATA

X = 0.10 - 0.22 .......... 37

TABLE B2.

PROBE CALIBRATION RAW DATA

X = 0.26 - 0.37 .......... 38

TABLE Cl.

CALIBRATION METHOD RESULTS

X = 0.10 - 0.22 .......... 44

TABLE C2.

CALIBRATION METHOD RESULTS

X = 0.26 - 0.37 .......... 45

vi

2/24/94

RUN 2 AND RUN 4 .... 17

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.

Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction .................................................

Figure 2.

Low-Profile Vortex Generator .....................................................

Figure 3.

Probe Tip Enlarged .......................................................................

Figure 4.

Free-Jet Calibration Apparatus ...................................................

Figure S.

Probe Holder Assembly ...............................................................

Figure 6.

Beta Characteristic ........................................................................

Figure 7.

Gamma Characteristic ..................................................................

Figure 8.

Wind Tunnel Facility ..................................................................

13

Figure 9.

Transonic Cascade Model Test Section ...................................

13

Figure 10.

Cascade Blading Geometry .......................................................

15

Figure 11.

Blade Wake Survey:

2/24/94

Run 2 .................................

18

Figure 12.

Blade Wake Survey:

2/24/94

Run 4 .................................

18

Figure 13.

Angle Distribution Comparison .................................................

19

Figure 14.

Probe Static Pressure Distribution .............................................

21

Figure 15.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 1.......................................

24

Figure 16.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 2 ......................................

25

Figure 17.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 3 .....................................

26

Figure 18.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 4 ......................................

27

Figure 19.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 5 .....................................

28

Figure Al.

Program

33

Figure Cl.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.1047 ......................................

39

Figure C2.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.1397 ......................................

39

Figure C3.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.1812 ......................................

40

"CAL_ACQ".............................................................

vii

Figure C4.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X - 0.2192 .....................................

40

Figure CS.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.2650 .....................................

41

Figure C6.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.3002 ......................................

41

Figure C7.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.3378 .....................................

42

Figure C8.

Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.3698 .....................................

42

Figure C9.

X vs. Beta .....................................................................................

43

Figure D1.

Program

"NEWREADZOCI" ...........................................

46

Figure El.

Fully-Mixed-Out Control Volume ............................................

60

Figure Fl.

Run 2

2/24/94

Raw Data ..................................................

64

Figure F2.

Run 4

2/24/94

Raw Data ..................................................

66

Figure F3.

Run 5

2/24/94

Raw Data ..................................................

68

viii

LIST OF SYMBOLS
ao-a6

Coefficients of Eq. (5)

bo-b 3

Coefficients of Eq. (6)

Cp

Specific heat at constant pressure

ds

Distance of one blade space

di

Staggered passage width

Mach number

Pressure

Pr

Stagnation (total) pressure

P1

Probe pressure (center tube)

P2

Probe pressure (side hole-facing down)

P3

Probe pressure (side hole-facing up)

P23

Average of P2 and P3

TT

Stagnation temperature

Velocity

VT

Limiting velocity

Dimensionless velocity

Defined by Eq. (3)

Flow angle

Ratio of Specific Heats

Defined by Eq. (4)

Flow angle to the probe axis ( and to inlet flow direction)

Pitch angle

Pitch angle at X1=constant

ix

Mass-averaged loss coefficient

(Omixed

Mixed-out loss coefficient defined in Appendix E, Eq. (13)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to take this oppurtunity to thank those people who have made
my time at NPS such a rewarding experience. Professor Raymond Shreeve has
kept me centered on my objectives and taught me not only the principles of
turbomachinery, but also the proper method of engineering research.

His

patience and attention to detail was a positive influence on me. Professor Garth
Hobson's enthusiasm and energy provided an outstanding environment for work
and learning at the Turbopropulsion Lab. I am grateful to Rick Still and Thad
Best for their skill at operating the transonic cascade wind tunnel and free-jet. I
would like to thank John Moulton for crafting such an excellent probe tip for use
in the transonic cascade traverse system. I am also grateful to Don Harvey and
Pat Hickey for their skilled advice in the design of the probe calibration
apparatus. Finally, I thank my wife Rachel, whose love, support, and constant
encouragement has kept me focused on my goals and the light at the end of this
tunnel.

xi

I. INTRODUCTION
The requirement to achieve higher compressor ratios in the fan stages of
military and civilian engines has led to increasing supersonic relative inlet Mach
numbers. The higher Mach numbers lead to stronger shock waves forming in the
rotor passages near the blade leading edge. T.ese strong shocks interact with the
turbulent boundary layer on the suction side of each blade to produce the flow
field depicted in Figure 1.

4Rotation
,,....Shock

/ J etat~.

I.,Free

M>,3

Shear Layer

Lambda Foot

Turbulent
Bounda ryLayer

B
Figure 1.

hc n s

Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction

The shock-boundary layer interaction is characterized by the lambda foot

and a local region of reversed flow. The strong shock-boundary layer interaction
adversely effects the total pressure ratio and flow turning angle of the compressor
blade row.

A concept for alleviating the shock-induced boundary layer

separation is the use of low-profile vortex generators affixed to the suction

surface of the rotor blading, some distance ahead of where the shock impinges.

Vortex generator devices alleviate the shock interaction by energizing the low
momentum region of the boundary layer with relative near-freestream flow via
streamwise vortices. The vortex generators reduce the relative total pressure loss
in the rotor by reducing the size of the local separation and also improve the flow
turning angle toward that required by the design. In the present study, 6-5-1
"Triangular Plow Vortex Generators", depicted in Figure 2 and described by
McCormick [Ref. 1] and United Technologies Research Center [Ref. 2], were to
be used in a model transonic Fan-Blade cascade to quantify their effect on the
total pressure losses and flow turning angle and thereby assess the potential
benefits of this technique.

6-5-1 Triangular Plow

S,7

Figure 2.

Low-Profile Vortex Generator

The model cascade apparatus was first assembled and operated by Collins
[Ref. 3]. First successful static pressure measurements were made by Golden
[Ref. 4] and impact probe traverse measurements by Myre [Ref. 5]. Tapp [Ref. 6]
showed that repeatable periodic conditions could be achieved at the design flow
angle using wall bleed. In the present study, a three-port traversing pneumatic
probe was designed, calibrated, and used to measure dimensionless velocity and

flow angle over the outlet of a blade passage.

These values were used to

calculate a fully-mixed-out condition, and hence the total pressure loss and flow
turning angle. A follow-on study will apply the techniques reported here to
assess the effects of vortex generators.

In the present document, Chapter II

describes the design and calibration of the three-port probe and the transonic fanblade cascade model. Chapter III describes the experimental program and test
results. Chapter IV includes the conclusions and recommendations for further
work.

II. EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS

A. PROBE DESIGN
To measure Mach number and flow angle behind the model fan-blade
passage required a probe that was sensitive to only Mach number and pitch
angle, since the yaw angle was zero at mid-span. It was desirable (though not
necessary) that the arrangement of sensors would result in two pressure
coefficients such that one was insensitive to changes in pitch angle at constant
Mach number and the other insensitive to changes in Mach number at constant
pitch angle. AGARD-AG-207 [Ref. 7] reported probe designs that had such
characteristics, which guided the present design shown in Figurt 3,
Probe Tip Enlarged
Front View

Tip Top View

0.032"

00

0.5

0.125D
Side View

Figure 3.

Probe Tip Enlarged

Additionally, the probe was required to measure velocities in a shear layer as

it traversed through the fan-blade wake, which required that the ports all lie in the
same plane. Myre [Ref. 51 developed a traversing impact probe system for use in
the present experiment with the ability to accommodate different probe tips. The
present probe was designed to fit the existing probe holder and traverse system
for use with the current data acquisition system hardware and software reported
by Myre [Ref. 5]. A three-port pneumatic probe was chosen using 0.032" 0'
stainless steel tubing. The center port was cut normal to the tunnel axis with the
outer two ports shaved to an angle of approximately forty degrees in opposite
directions.
B. PROBE CALIBRATION
The probe calibration was carried out in the Turbopropulsion Laboratory's
free-jet calibration apparatus which is shown in Figure 4. The probe holder
assembly is described by Myre [Ref. 5] and depicted in Figure 5. The nozzle of
the free-jet was 4.25 inches in diameter and was fed by an Allis-Chalmers
compressor delivering air at a pressure of up to three atmospheres. The Mach
number range of the free-jet, which exhausted to atmosphere, was from 0 to 0.9.
The probe holder was attached to an apparatus mounted to the free-jet nozzle
which allowed the operator to accurately set and vary the pitch angle of the
probe, as required for the calibration. A Prandtl probe was installed 0.5 inches
from the jet centerline to provide redundancy in the measurement of Mach
number.

Probe Support Smucwme

Figure 4.

Free-Jet Calibration Apparatus

I

35

O.S0

1.?

S.!,

Figure 5.

Probe Holder Assembly

Data Acquisition System

The pressure measurements of the probe (3), free-jet static pressure

(atmospheric), and free-jet total pressure were acquired using a +/- 50 psid
Scanivalve transducer controlled by a Hewlett-Packard 9000-300 series
computer. The HP 9000 computer sent commands via a HG-78K Scanivalve
controller developed by Geopfarth [Ref. 81 to the Scanivalve. It in turn sent the
measured voltage of the transducer to a HP 3456A digital voltmeter, which was
read by the computer. The voltages were recorded and converted to psia in an
HP BASIC data acquisition program, "CALACQ", listed in Appendix A. Golden
[Ref. 4] describes in detail the use of the data acquisition system.
2.

Program of Measurements
The impact probe and probe assembly were removed from the transonic

cascade and the new three-port probe design was installed. The new probe and
probe holder assembly were mounted in the free-jet calibration apparatus. The
probe was leveled in its mount, then securely fastened in place. The probe tip
was located at the center of the free-jet, which has been shown to have a uniform
velocity profile by Neuhoff [Ref. 9]. The free-jet static and total pressures were
used to calculate the jet Mach number and limiting velocity using isentropic gas
relations with the ratio of specific heats equal to 1.4. The relation between total
(stagnation) pressure, static pressure, and dimensionless velocity is

P -(1-x2)-

where

(1)

The Mach number was held stable while 12 pitch angles were set in turn
and pressure data were recorded. The Mach number was varied in steps of 0.1
from M = 0.2 to 0.9, giving a total of 96 calibration data points. In the calculation
of dimensionless velocity the center port pressure measurement was taken to be
total pressure since it was always in the center of the flow and always read
slightly higher than the Prandtl probe total pressure. The static pressure was
taken to be atmospheric, which was consistent with the Prandtl probe
measurements. The raw data from the calibration are listed in Table B 1 and Table
B2 of Appendix B.
3.

Probe Characteristics
The derivation of the probe pressure coefficients followed the work of

Neuhoff [Ref. 9]. If P1 is the pressure at the center port and P2 and P3 are the
pressures of the two side ports, we define the average of P2 and P3 as P23, where

P23 = P2+P3

(2)

2
and the two pressure coefficients used to represent the calibration of the probe in
terms of Mach number and pitch angle are
P1-P23
Beta =B=
B

(3)

P1

and
Gamma,=r= P2-P3

(4)

P r- P23
The measured characteristics of the probe in terms of Beta and Gamma
are shown in Figures 6 and 7 respectively. The Mach-sensitive coefficient Beta

was found to be relatively insensitive to changes in pitch angle over the entire
Mach range. The pitch sensitive coefficient Gamma was found to be relatively
insensitive to changes in Mach number over the range of pitch angles.
Probe - Beta Characetistc - Run 21 Jan 1994

.. .....
.....
, .I@

.... ........
0.14
0.14 ....
.. ... ...... :......:.,.....,... ...... . ...............
0.12 .............

0.08 .

..... -.....

0.0

.......... . ........

0.0

.....

M=0.615 ......

*M

............

.
S..... ........

...
. ......

..

........

-4

Ang-M

c
o -..... o
V

-2

o ..... .6.-..
.....

....

....

':;+
00....
0..
o .. .--...--...

-MO.9OY

**...A..
.....

0g355:
g =-"
i

r-'.
4

Pi~h An& - deg

Beta Characteristic

Figure 6.

Probe - Gumma Chwwacwbric - Run 21 Jan 94

0.6 ..

....................

0.44

i
- io "
-- ,+%,o
.........
S 0.2 0.4 . ...-.... 0...... S:o
*0
0
.. ...

:O""
0

"": 0.2

00P

o
.0
...........

-0.2 ............

"

o+
0.-

0
a0
'~.....
. ...........
.. .A:-,. . :.... ..oo:* .

........
.iii
Phi=2A
i

+..... e:

aPhi

- ........
~I

=0-

ao Phi -.. ...

Phi~i-4
o: Phi
=-5
O..
. ..... ....................

a '

Phi =3
Phi =i2
Ph~i
P0.
l ==:

0.3
"2

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Madh Nunber

Figure 7.

Gamma Characteristic

0.9

1.1

The insensitivity of Beta to pitch angle allowed the Mach number and
dimensionless velocity, X, to be approximated by a polynomial in terms of Beta
only. The polynomial for X as a function of Beta was derived utilizing the leastsquares method, using an average value of Beta over the range of pitch angle.
The program MATLAB was used to determine this polynomial and a choice of a
sixth-order polynomial was found to give the least error in X over the calibration
range. The polynomial is shown as Equation 5, with the values of the coefficients
listed below. The sixth-order polynomial is shown and plotted vs. the actual data
points in Appendix C.
X = a6B6 + a5B5 + a4 B4 + a3 B3 + a2 B2 + ajB + ao
a6 =-1733913.202
a5 +679216.632
a4 =-104416.881
a3 =+8119.488
a2

-344.912

a,
ao

+10.120
+0.018

(5)

A third-order polynomial for pitch angle was derived in terms of Gamma

at each average dimensionless velocity using the least-squares method and the
MATLAB software.

The polynomial has the form of Equation 6 with the

coefficients summarized in Table 1. The third-order polynomials of pitch angle in

terms of Gamma are plotted vs. the actual data points in Appendix C.
4)i =/71" +/72F2 + brF+ b0

where

Xi= constant

10

(6)

TABLE 1.

PROBE CALIBRATION COEFFICIENTS

Xi

b3

b2

b1

b0

01

0.1047

-0.815

3.584

12.251

-1.841

7002

0.1397

0.156

0.412

12.112

-1.548

(03

0.1812

19.817

-5.526

9.996

-1.461

04

0.2192

13.149

-3.288

11.104

-1.973

0.2650

15.897

-5.546

12.155

-2.072

06

0.3002

3.438

0.520

13.270

-2.268

0.3378

11.242

-2.607

13.736

-2.349

0.3698

11.968

-3.634

14.607

-2.347

05...

00

4.

Application of the Calibration

The method of application of the calibration was first to take the

measured probe pressures and determine the coefficients Beta and Gamma. From
the Beta coefficient, the dimensionless velocity could be determined immediately
using the sixth-order polynomial. With the dimensionless velocity known, the
third-order polynomials of pitch angle in terms of Gamma could be calculated for
the curves associated with the values of the dimensionless velocity above and
below the calculated dimensionless velocity. An interpolation scheme given by
Nakamura [Ref. 10] was then used to interpolate for the pitch angle at that
known velocity and value of Gamma. The results of applying the calibration
method to the actual data is given in Appendix C. Over the entire range of the
calibration the uncertainty in dimensionless velocity was found to be +/- two
percent with a confidence of 70 percent. The pitch angle uncertainty was found

11

to be +/- 0.2 degrees with a confidence of 76 percent. Above a dimensionless

velocity value of 0.18, the confidence level increased due to the improved
resolution of the data acquisition system at the higher velocities. Above this
velocity, where most of the cascade measurements were to be taken, the
cor

nce in determining dimensionless velocity and pitch angle accurately rose

to 7

)ewrcent and 96 percent respectively. A Kline and McClintock uncertainty

analysis [Ref. 11] was performed and at the lower velocities, X< 0.18, the
uncertainty in Beta and Gamma was much higher than at the higher velocities.
This explains why the calibration scheme is more accurate at the higher velocities
and why the Gamma characteristic behaves poorly at lower velocities. The
calibration application program, written in Hewlett-Packard Basic is listed in the
data reduction program "NEWREAD_ZOCI", in Appendix D.
C. TRANSONIC CASCADE MODEL AND DATA ACQUISITION
L

Transonic Cascade Model

The transonic cascade model attempts to simulate the relative flow at

M=1.4 on a stream surface through a Navy developmental transonic fan. The

current model has been shown by Golden [Ref. 4] to be closely two dimensional
with the placement of the shock structure set manually using an in-line
shadowgraph while adjusting back pressure and bleed valves. The verticallytraversing probe assembly designed by Myre [Ref. 5] was used with the new
probe design. Myre also describes the use of the traversing system [Ref. 5]. The
wind tunnel facility is shown schematically in Figure 8. The transonic cascade
model test section is shown in Figure 9. The model simulation is of the flow
through two passages of the transonic blading geometry which is shown in
Figure 10. In the cascade simulation, the design pressure ratio and shock

12

LA9UPJLTOR.T
PneRuuma'ti

PRY

canttal Vm[,

SetttloR Chnmsber

8.
Figur
ind unne Faclity
300

psi

Figur

vP

8.

.j

J1d111-n..rnt

WiniTnnliFciit

Edget
Windowofh

- z'

I4
Fixed I nt:Ie Blacks-

1 L~

By-P-asi Exisi'w,'

Figure 9.

Transonic Cascade Model Test Section

13

structure at the design incidence were set using the "Back-Pressure Valve (BPV)".
A "Back-Pressure Bleed Valve (BPBV)" was used for fine adjustments in setting
the proper shock structure (Figure 8).
2.

Data Acquisition System

The data acquisition system utilized in the present study was used

previously by Tapp [Ref. 6]. One +/- 50 psid ZOC-14 enclosure was used to
record the three pressures of the traversing probe. Plenum and wall reference
pressures were also recorded. The data acquisition program "NEWSCANZOC"
[Ref. 51 was modified slightly to allow the probe-traverse mechanism to increment
in smaller steps through the wake, in order to improve the spatial resolution. To
change the increment step size required a change in only a single line of code.
The initial starting point of the probe-traverse assembly was also changed by a
single entry.
The data reduction program "READZOC2" [Ref. 5] was modified for
use in the current stady and renamed "NEWREADZOCi".

The principal

change was the application of the routine to return dimensionless velocity and
flow angle from the three pressure measurements. The calculation of the fullymixed-out condition was also calculated in the program. The program is listed in
Appendix D and the calculation of the fully-mixed-out condition is summarized in
Appendix E. A complete derivation of the method for calculating the fullymixed-out dimensionless velocity, flow angle, and total pressure is contained in
Reference 12.

14

WI

W2
1 2
Axial

lade

t52-51=

-0

L.E. Radius
= 0.015"
T.E. Radius
= 0.015"
LE. Wedge Angle= 3.5 deg
T.E. Wedge Angle= 10.56 deg
Wedge Length
Suction Surface

Probe Measures 0

= 2.85"
= 13.53"

Arc Radius
6.0"

/
M=1.4

1.656"

1.15 deg

51.84 deg

//

Figure 10.

Cascade Blading Geometry

15

III.

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM, RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION

A. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
The experimental program consisted of a series of initial runs with equalincrement probe traverses through the center blade wake. These tests were used
to refine the operation of the pressure valves in setting the shock structure, to
become familiar with the data acquisition procedures, and to verify the revised
coding of the data reduction program "NEW_READ_ZOCI". Repeatability tests
were then conducted to verify that the impact probe measurements compared
with previous results reported by Myre [Ref. 5] and Tapp [Ref. 6]. Once these
tests were completed the number of data points in the blade wake was increased
to provide better resolution through the wake. These tests were used to examine
probe-derived static pressure and angle distributions through the wake. Finally,
five tests were conducted to provide baseline data and to establish the fullymixed-out condition for use in studies to assess the effect of vortex generating
devices.

In all the tests, the shocks in the upper and lower passages were

repeatedly set to the expected on-design position, using the following procedure:
1.
The tunnel was allowed to become steady at a plenum
pressure of 33 psig.
2.
While carefully monitoring the shadowgraph, the BPV
was closed by four smooth movements of the hydraulic jack
handle.

16

3.
A fifth movement of the jack handle (done smoothly)
was stopped just as the lower passage shock was in position
at a mark on the tunnel side plate (visible in the
shadowraph).
4.
The BPBV was closed until the upper passage shock
was in the corresponding position. Its position was
monitored visually throughout the data acquisition during
the probe traverse.

B. REPEATABILITY TESTS
These tests were run to compare the mass-averaged loss coefficient results
obtained with the new probe and those obtained by Myre [Ref. 5] and Tapp
[Ref. 61, using an equal-increment traverse procedure, across a distance of two
inches. The probe tip was approximately 1 1/8 inches downstream of the trailing
edge of the middle blade with the probe starting its traverse 1.0 inch above the
level of the blade trailing edge. Figures 11 and 12 show the blade-wake pressures
vs. vertical position during the traverse. Table 2 summarizes the results of tests in
which tunnel supply conditions were held reasonably constant.

TABLE 2.

REPEATABILITY TESTS:

2/24/94

RUN 2 AND RUN 4

Run #

Patm (psia)

P2/P1

TT(R)

14.72

2.11

514.5

0.0842

14.715

2.09

513.0

0.0847

The raw pressure data for the complete test program are listed in Appendix F.
The mass-averaged losses compared well ( to within three percent) with previous
results [Ref. 5 & 6] with similar tunnel conditions. The data confirmed that the

17

probe, data acquisition system, and data reduction process were operating
properly.
Blade Wake Survey-2/24/94 Run #2

wan Statid:

Probe Static
PlumI

-0.5

..... ........

...... ......
...
............I

"30

35

45

40

50

55

60

Pressure-psia

Figure 11.

Blade Wake Survey:

.............
....
..................

1.....
.........-..

-. ............

Plemnu

Probe Total

static

-:Probe

Run 2

94 Run #4

Blade Wake Suey-

Wall

2/24/94

......................

3*0

35

45

40

50

55

Pressure-psia

Figure 12.

Blade Wake Survey:

18

2/24/94

Run 4

60

Probe-derived static pressure profiles are shown in Figures 11 and 12. It is

seen that the static pressure on the suction side of the blade was lower than that
on the pressure side, implying a higher velocity in that portion of the upper
passage. A change in static pressure through the wake can clearly be seen. Both
runs show a reasonably periodic condition in the cascade model based only on
the measured total pressure.
C. TURNING ANGLE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 13 shows the distribution of the flow angle derived from probe
measurements in three similar tests.
Traversed
Angle Disnibudin vs. Verical Disrance

-0.5 ...........................................
CreaerResoluton +

-.5 ...................................

.......

..........

...................

-1..

-2
45

50

55
B -Flow Angle (degrees)

Figure 13.

Angle Distribution Comparison

Figure 13 contains data from Runs 2, 4, and 5 of 2/24/94. As presented

previously, Runs 2 and 4 were equal-increment surveys for a two inch traverse.
Run 5 was a survey which stepped 0.03125 inches per increment through 22
points just prior to, and through the blade wake, providing better spatial

19

resolution. The start and end points remained the same for all three runs. The
data are seen to be similar for all runs. The angle distribution is characterized by
increased values of outlet flow angle (B2) from the upper portion of the lower
passage (less turning). The value of B2 from the upper passage approaches that of
the design value of 50 degrees. The flow angle behaves similarly to the static
pressure through the turbulent blade wake. Without further measurements, the
differences in flow angle and dimensionless velocity cannot be explained
definitively. The higher turning angle in the upper passage and lower turning
angle in the lower passage is most probably the result of the significant
differences in the wakes of the center and lower blades. The center blade is a true
blade wake, the lower blade wake is a mixing layer, with entrainment from the test
section cavity. In viewing the probe distributions, it should be remembered that
the traverse was not parallel to the blade trailing edges so that the lower part of
the traverse is further downstream of the blading than is the upper part. The data
do show that the angle distributions through the passages were repeatable.
D. PROBE STATIC PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 14 shows a comparison of probe-derived static pressure for the same
tests as in Figure 13. The static pressure distributions all have the same form, and
were reasonably repeatable. The improved resolution blade-wake surveys clearly
show a steep decline in static pressure as the probe entered the blade wake, then
a sharp rise through the wake. The static pressure rises slightly again on the
pressure side of the blade wake, then stabilizes at a value above that of the upper
passage.

20

Probe Static Pressure Disu'ibution

.................

-0.5 .

.......................-..

..

Greater Resolution +

.............
.....
... . ................... i........................
-1.5 . . . . .

25

30

35

40

45

Pressure-psia

Figure 14.

Probe Static Pressure Distribution

E. MODEL BASELINE MEASUREMENTS

The model baseline measurements were made using a survey distance of
1.656 inches (equal to the staggered-passage width, Figure 10) with the probe
starting position located 0.75 inches above the level of the middle blade trailing
edge. ZOC 1 was used for the probe surveys with the measured pressures and
their associated ports listed in Table 3. Table 4 lists the probe positions relative to
the starting point with point 1 being the beginning of the traverse above the
middle blade. Five runs were made to determine the flow profiles and the baseline
loss coefficient using the fully-mixed-out conditions calculated as shown in
Appendix E. Table 5 lists the tunnel conditions for the five runs and Table 6 lists
the results of the fully-mixed-out calculations. Figures 15 through 19 show the
blade wake survey results output by the data reduction program

"NEW_READ_ZO.IZCI".

21

TABLE 3.

TABLE 4.
Point

MEASURED PRESSURES AND PORTS ASSIGNED

Measured Pressure psia

Port Assigned

Atmospheric

P1

32

P2

24

P3

25

Upstream Static

29

Downstream Static

30

Plenum

31

PROBE TRAVERSE POSITON

Relative
Relative
Position-in
Point
Position-in

Point

Relative
Position-in

12

0.50

23

0.84375

0.0625

13

0.53125

24

0.875

0.125

14

0.5625

25

0.90625

0.1875

15

0.59375

26

0.9375

0.25

16

0.625

27

0.96875

0.3125

17

0.65625

28

1.00

0.34375

18

0.6875

29

1.13125

0.375

19

0.71875

30

1.2625

0.40625

20

0.75

31

1.39375

10

0.4375

21

0.78125

32

1.525

11

0.46875

22

0.8125

33

1.65625

22

TABLE 5. BASELJNE TUNNEL CONDITIONS

Run #

Upstream

P2/P1

TT(R)

Static-psia

Plenum-

Mass Flux

psia

Integral

15.279

2.09

518.7

48.45

0.9143

15.128

2.08

519.7

47.94

0.9140

15.379

2.08

518.2

48.76

0.9196

15.043

2.07

518.2

47.75

0.9218

15.047

2.09

517.7

47.65

0.9227

TABLE 6.

BASELINE FULLY-MIXED-OUT CONDITIONS

Run_#

X3

Pt3 - psia

f3-deg

Omiwd

0.3115

40.73

55.14

0.2328

0.3118

40.31

55.15

0.2327

0.3100

40.58

54.73

0.2450

0.3159

39.76

55.05

0.2443

0.3143

39.73

54.92

0.2432

AVERAGE

0.3127

40.22

55.00

0.2396

23

VeP~
'I
'

.,t.

.3
i
. 4S
3 r..

LI~~eC

i~'~ r-j.

I.

+
" I'

7t

. . .

7T

VAIM

. . . . . .

4.. . 37 -

21J.
.2
1.U

. . . .. .. .. ..
.. ' .
. .

. 935

. ..

LI
1.. - ,
":-.31ilS

1.3 . .
.
1.562
.
1.-.s
.
I 1.r875
. 13

..

..

..

. . .. . .. . . . . ...
....

. . . . . . . .
...
.I . . . . ..
.
.
. . . . . . .
...
. . 1..
I.., .. .

I . 1...
IB,

.
. ..
.. . .

I.

.l

-. -.T-

..

..

*. .

. . . .

. .

. .

.I .

..

.. .

31)31 32 33 34 n 39 31 38 39 48 41 42 43 44 44 45 4144 43 51a51 52 53 54 59 36 57 TJ il Ii

Total

Figure 15.

Pre ttire

p*I -a.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 1

24

./.. .

.3125

..

..

.4375

.56,7.

"t

i.

:, ' .

;p 3m..

.1.3 ..
.

_.

I'~m

. . . . . . .

.....

. .. . .. .

. .e
.
. .. .. ..

.
.l.

..

. .
. .

-. . '

_.. .

. .

.
. . . . ..... . .

..

.,

..

..

.
...

...

l 32
319 31 33 33 3,4 33 36 37 3tt 39 49P41 42 43 44 45 46 r47 4949 3tl 31Z

Figure 16.

.
.

. .

.
.

534 .5i1
56 37 Vlr,,1 601

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 2

25

LE

.I.
'

.. .

..

..

.. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. .3 .

.3125

r t

..

'. I

D--

istance

1-P

I--

..

II

37

-I

7!

f .

,c

'.1

. .

I.

"
.

.*....

.4.
*

1.

"I
.

I. -

I.

..... . . . .

..

'.

..........--.

..
.

".31,5I.

I'

.
.

. .*. .

.
.

I.

. . I..." "I I I. . I. .
.

r-6.

. . . . .

.. . ....

.... .. . .
. . . . .

t. -,

. .

.. . . . .
. .
". . . . . . . . . . . P..t. ... . ..

1.36V 3 . I,
.

.. . . .

. . . . . .
.

I. -

. .*... . . . .

3 11 32 33 34 3S 36 37 1 39 4P41 Q 43 44. 45 45. 4? 48 43

..

. ,

it) Pressure~ ( #ia..

Figure 17.

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 3

26

Dietance Traversci

Vertlici

.1915

. .

5
IB
.3115.
.i25
.435 1 (

'

IL

..

. .

-..
-..
.

"j.

. .

..

"

4"
l .7

..

..

. .

I.
. .

P-t

.. . . I.

..

. .,
.. .II
. . .

...

.6.5

L 1.376

.
. .

. . ..

.. ..

. .

...

.
1'.75
*.. .- . .. . .... . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
,.Gm:
~1.9375
,.I.6. ... .. ..... . . . . . . . I.......................
. .... .. . .. . .. . . . . .
301 1 32 33 34 33 IS 37 31 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 49
Total Pressure

Figure 18.

MS 51251 54 595,i

(psia)

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 4

27

57 53 51 60

a ID

I r r

cI

.315..
.3?5
.61P5

.C75

-!

.1875
S-

It

.1...F.igur5

44

!.

..

.35

B.

B.k

SR

. 237S.
1.
..
.15)
..........
...... .
J 8 l7l . . . . . . ..' " . ... - . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . ..
.87.
__.__________......
I+.

. ...

. ... . . .

"I.V 3
4 375i

. . .

t.s
SUM.
.T.
1.58,5
1. 1 5

.
.

..

I.GB
,

.
.

..

p,

5. ..
.

.
.

.1

..

. ..

. .
..
. .
. .
.

e
.

.
1

.
.
.

. , .I .

.
.

.
..
.
.

.
.

.
.

.. . . . . . ..

Total

Figure 19.

Pr.aetu+"a

.
. .

. ..I
.

(l.',

i..t)

Baseline Blade Wake Survey: Run 5

28

In all cases, the calculated fully-mixed-out total pressure (Pt 3 ) was

repeatable and qualitatively showed a low but not unreasonable value when
compared to probe-measured total pressure distribution, which was reasonably
periodic. The probe-derived static pressure distributions were also repeatable,
and followed the trends of the previously discussed results. The cak',ilated fullymixed-out loss coefficient was more than twice the mass-averaged loss coefficient
as presented in Table 2.

The fully-mixed-out calculation subprogram in

"NEW_READ_ZOCI" was verified by programming a known test case used by

Armstrong [Ref. 12]. It is noted that the test case was at low Mach number, rather
nan the high subsonic range of the present measurements. However, it is also
noted that Armstrong also reported that much higher values were obtained for
the fully-mixed-out loss coefficient than for the mass-averaged loss coefficient,
when reducing cascade-flow survey data.

29

IV.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In the present study, the velocity and flow angle distributions, and the fullymixed-out losses due to the shock-boundary layer interaction in the transonic
fan-blade cascade model, were measured at the design incidence angle. The
measured flow field and flow losses provide baseline values for planned
measurements with low-profile vortex generator devices installed. The fullymixed-out loss values were more than twice the mass-averaged loss values
reported by Myre [Ref. 5] and Tapp [Ref. 6] and repeated in the present study.
The measurements of pressure and flow angle distributions were repeatable. The
three-port probe, designed for the present study, gave excellent results in
measurements of static pressure, dimensionless velocity and flow angle, at
velocities greater than M = 0.4.

The following specific conclusions were drawn:

Shock placement using the Back Pressure Valve (BPV), Back
Pressure Bleed Valve (BPBV), Porous Bleed Valve (PBV), and
in-line shadowgraph system was quick, and gave repeatable
results.
The calculated fully-mixed-out flow losses were significantly
higher than mass-averaged results. This may have been due
to the probe not traversing parallel to the trailing edge, but a
more detailed analysis of how this would effect the
calculation needs to be made.
The probe-derived static pressure in the flow from the
suction side of the center blade was lower than that from the
pressure side, indicating a higher velocity in the upper
passage.
30

Angle distributions obtained in the surveys were repeatable

and showed less flow turning from the pressure side of the
middle blade than from the suction side.
The probe in its present location, traversing normal to inlet
velocity, could not determine the degree of periodicity in the
two-passage fan-blade model.
The probe design had excellent characteristics at medium to
high Mach numbers and had the ability to measure
accurately in the wake shear layers. Measurements of static
pressure and flow angle through the blade wake were
consistent with previous experience at lower Mach numbers
[Ref. 13].
The following recommendations are made concerning the present pilot and
follow-on research program:
Use the same probe design but increase the range of the
angle calibration from -6 degrees to +12 degrees.
Design and build an apparatus to calibrate the probe in the
probe holder while still attached to the motor-controller
assembly and utilizing the ZOC system for data acquisition.
Make more measurements with the current system and
validate the calculation of the fully-mixed-out loss.
Install the 6-5-1 Triangular Plow Vortex Generator Devices
and compare the loss measurements and the flow field to the
baseline results.

31

Once these pilot experiments are complete, proceed to a

larger apparatus in which Mach number and cascade
geometry can be varied. In the larger apparatus, design the
traverse to be parallel to the blade trailing edge.
The larger apparatus should incorporate three blades to
improve the ability to simulate periodicity.

32

APPENDIX A.

1414

1,

1104

rifi11'
'I

NUMIJ

ILl

111-.

041
i

4114

l.

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"CAL,_.ACQ"

35

YI

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I999

9,,,.1

I ,

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'(Mach .
m'I

iY1

-*9th

I.9'j.-.9l,
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I,340

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99

'9t-9'

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9-1

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h ,

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fl9

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-1

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1"1.

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. . .

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99-99

',9

9 .09o9

00+t.

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Ntzv)

t99,

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it.I

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.it9
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1 111
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99jjjs
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9V9991 I 9I
91

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a tm
t,'.in

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Pii

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f

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t'

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E4fit

Figure Al.

(cont)

Program

36

"CALACQ"

'9

APPENDIX B.

PROBE CALIBRATION RAW DATA

TABLE Bi. PROBE CALIBRATION RAW DATA

ANGLE WW
.5
.4
.3

*2
.1

Pi1p*
15.4066
154051
15S.412

11.413
1S.4092

P2 Wam
15.1831
15.201
15.2172
15.2133

P3 Lwm
15.2424
15.2265
15.228

PSTAT~w
14.5441
14.6217
14.8271

PTaIso
15.3841
15.256
15.36S

15.2176
15.212

14.83
14.6279

15.3644
15.3684

14.825
144627?
14.0292
14.9223
14.825&
1U.0252
14.9241

15.3591

15.422

15.2130
15.2353
15.24
15.2527

15.4132
15.4128
15.4117
15.4224

15.2574
15.2505
15.2603
15.2557

15.2104
i5.2025
15.1531
15.174
15.1657
15.1551
15.141

.5
.4
53
.2
.1
0
1
a___
3
4
5
6

15.5537.
15.5035I
15.69461
15.8"84
15.90011
15.03
I5.0853
15.5545
15.502
15.5012
15.6ft3
15.5048

t5.4876.
15.50641
S.5241
15.5387
15.6665
15.5764
15.5801
15.6785
15.5135
15.9104
15.614
15.6245

15.902
15.5772
15.5652
15.5504
15.544
15.5246
15.5177
15.4865
15.4S91
15.4453
15.4176
15.4045

14.8201.
14.52721
14.82551
14.03631
14.82621
14.6315
14.5373
14.542
14.0454
14.8434
14.6423
14.8523

15.8155
15.5343
15.926
15.8075
15.5159
15.4189
15.517
_15.8168
15.5002
1S.5202
15.6314
16.5731

.5
-4
.3
.2
.I
0
1
2

15.70331
10.7006
16.7146
16.585
16.658s
16.6883
16.0731
16.6549

15.9944
16.0070
16.0353
10.064
16.0693
15.1223
16.1497
16.1663

16.1023
16.1363
10.1104
16.1055
16.0517
16.0417
16.0074
11.9455

14.55231
14.54791
14.86521
14.5521
14.45031
14.4521
14.0482
14.5534

16.57311
16.6051
1615912
16.5865
16.5858
16.5606
15.5721
16.564

6.27

1.437

06
I.
2
2
4
5
6

15.4055
15.4063

is191
3 1.901

X =0.10

-0.22

BETA
GAMMA
x
P2 AP3 av
15.2127S 0.1030245 -030543354 -00126015
15.2139 0.10473662 -0.134537241 0,0124114?
15.2226 0.10"49425 -0.05702210 0.0I228913
I5.21545
0.104673 -0.02176664 0.0129171

15.3615

0.00968153
0 01273-53
0.13602641 0.01865181
15.22145 0.10429477 0.20070327 0.0119"634

15.3602'
15.3668
15.3464
15.3711
15.355

0.1055302
t3.2225
15.2157 0.10S36906
I5.2056 0.10503716
15.2062 0.10436581
0.1080242
15.19565

1.37

15.21295 0.10453t22
0.1045061
15.22295

0.26934708
0.42227540
0"4092611.
0.504851381
0.52656952,

001291013
001251369
0 01317?0#7
0,0131353
0 01443031

15.5398
IS 5415
15.5458
15.54455
15.55331
15.550S
15.5450
15.5327
15.5363
15.52755
15.5205
15.5147

0.14025233
0.14079267
0.14012025
0. 1352268
0. 140511"8
0.1"45045
0.13921786
0.1352S374
0.135472315
0.13955715
0.13"78753
0.1391"565

-0 20945855
.0.15574233
-0 11507514
-0.03402647
0.05383322
0.14661761
0.15331375
0.25255555
0.42220355
0.4422124
0.557177
0.56322134

0.02226565
0.02274342
0,0217654
0,02164157
0.02101118
00222148
0.02142322
0.022757 15
0.02255711
0.02S47536
0.0231SS41
0.02451492

16.07435
16.0719S
16.07255
16.0545
16.0705
16.052
16.07055
IS.OSSOS

0.15164117
0.15175352
0. 112393"8
0.140976"6
0.14110641
0.15098667?
0.16076523
0.16122177

-0.27587247
-0."0472441
4A.1702376
-0.06530657
0.06050207
0.13293749
0.23645446
0.33"S5446

0.03765424
0.03764236
0.03835455
0.03613574
0.037047
0.03633084
0.03600614
0.03814638

1.51 .00O 0"31700004

PROBE CALIBRATION RAW DATA

TABLE B2.

ANGLE
.4
.3
.2
0
2
2
4

5
a

.5
-4

-2
.2
-I
0
1
2

P2

19.2239
IS. 013
.5 13.2304
19.2342

P3 V

PTOT(

PSTAT

17.6$13
17.58121
17.7807 -- 17.32441
17.632
17.7631
417.73331
7.93731

P & PS a

19.2137
6.231
16.2201
19.2022
19.2502

17.9099
17.9542
17.91127
18.0347
13.048

17.63231
17.57901
17.50731
17.42671
17.34001

14.,84M
19.0361
17.761255
14.66611
13.371
l7.772555
14.311
1 .9g
17.733455
14.
90191 1
9.0164 17.734205
13.0402
1.774705
14.369"
14.3640
19.0205
17Y.766005
18.9131 17.750005
14.0019
13.9362
17.735705
14.300
13.6238
17.634055
14.3037

M6232
19.2463

13.1022
14.115

17.29101
17.22141

14.9016
14.9304

20.7573
13.663
4 ".7007 19.317
20.7386
13.74151
S.I,
5 2.776
20.7824
18.63431
0 20.145 19.2"s
20.7666
13.9026
.5 22.9399
0.299
20.7628
16.9754
-0fill ".3704
20.3023
19.0234
.3 It." 20.432
1M.O7
2017701
19.134
20.7621

.2 2-900
20455

16.076
18.3109
It..
6.59 14
18.02161
14.1407
18.60541
20.74
16.79071
20.0316
18.7096
220.5424
18.6350
13.523

".0412
20.033

20.3641

22.9364 20.4611

1 22.635".7736
a

U."71

20.8613

2.62

20.1675

14.003

2.1m2.7050377S

19.7246
19.6168

41.OO

~~14.996
14.00
14.009
14.041

2494

1E TA
007502331
007440376
0.07S2931

0.56624601

0.00I33472

-0.20512008
.5327
-0.1255444
0.1240.0.06944
-0.0455322l
0.01652138
018081,IS19
0.044213791
0 112"
-.0.16206146
40!!
0.24267723
0.3046379

0.0912369
.1610
0.09223432
0.03162F22
0.09161 S2
0.091261137
0150
0.06307362
.1630
0.03163234
0.044076

0.23544324

20.50 0.3345100""S015

14.009

20.090~~~~1

GA

0.23
0 07433422
0.24488997
507230.18?90l67
4 -021132 743
00743 731
0.23507235 0.26060007 0.071154212 I
0.24401 12S 0.3301711941 0.073.47238
0.07637121
0.2342604 0.40776813
0.07963131
0.26516222 0.46095258

19.6332
0.30004337
1.7Si.0204
13.37145
0.2007079
0.90969
6.561
18.379251
0.30046834
87"019317OS5377MV93
13.3
0.30061477
0123S03712
10.93805 0.30022313
.309
"94
1M.GS3 0374S
0.20053082
2.97
16.60751 0.3002I151
13.032 0.20055141

20.257

196011

2.S4
2.45

.007
.30,80132SI01544

.250"
.3404

0394430

01743
1479

820.046503012903*47101081
261
U57
257

0305037789Q"I3701131
.377
2.44
03734
2.13

2490

2.0"

.793"
447601339

01203

.63S9

0.7194

.1642

2.405
l2.17S

22.6l
2.91

15.071
15.074

2.63
46"

2.0
2.32

.4126
.6062-00900

01646

.171S

222050

22.216

15.79

2.00

2241

,39201S

25.185 21.9479

asjus

2".59

17.668205

2261.044503722200664

4 22.307 04940
5 22.9279 20.603
a 22.9097 21.0074

-21

~~~14.0

0.232293 -0l3S60064
0.2447"414 -0.07204419
0.24135 -0.00463471

17.337105 0.235157"8 0.12330563M 0.07905728

3814.1
ig.014.e

19.9547

-si

14.9191
20.5555
05"
14.93
14.6109
20.5067
2.S35
MO
14.62251
20. 13.
2.77
14.937
14.6236
20.5138
41.00
.41
14.310
20.50221
Mott
4.0 o 112951
14.92
30.5472
226n
20.554
14.3224
20.5648
14.9276

.46661 1 ,..o0

3 U.9706
20.9014

-4125.71
.31 gm1969

19.0197
13.62"8

X = 0.26 - 0.37

22.46~~~1

4M M

22129

--

38

. 370521549

1
0.179

01618

APPENDIX C.

APPLICATION OF THE CALIBRATION

Data Pts vs 3rd order Polynomial Fit- Xvel=0. 1047

4..

00
-2

.....

00

8
-6
4...

-0.2

0.2

0.4

Figure C2. Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

39

0.6

X = 0.1397

0.8

Data Pts vs 3rd order Polynomal Fit- Xvel=O.1397

. ................

6 ...........

4
2 ............ i...............

...............

,-..............

...

.
!... .

i... .............

I ............

.--. ..............

....... i................ i-................

4.

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Gcmma

Figure C3. Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.1812

. ............
....
........
!i......
+ ............
...............
.....
............
6o
.....
Data Pms vs 3rd order Polynomial Fit- Xvel=0.2192

4 ......

................................

-0.2

0.2

...............

0.4

0.6

Gmnma

Figure C4. Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

40

X = 0.2192

0.8

Data Pt vs 3rd order Polynomial Fit- Xvel=0.2650

4 ............. :...............

................ .-.............. .... .........

..
:......... .. .

-.............
! ..............
i ..............
..... ...
...............
i...............
4 .... . .. ...

.. . .. . ..

-4o
............. i....

......... ..i ............ .7.............. i............... ............. ..

02

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Gamnura

Figure CS. Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

X = 0.2650

Data Pts vs 3rd order Polynomial Fit- Xvel=0.3O02

-2

0 .2.0
.

-0.

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.

0.

0.

41

0.8

Data Pts vs 3rd order Polynomial Fit- Xvel=0.3378

64.

C o

-2
-0.2
0 .........

0.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

...: .............. :........ ....... ...............

. .. ............. ............ Gama

ii.......
.....
ii*....
iiiii
....iii
....
..........
....
-4
Figure
C7. Pitch.............
Angle vs.
Gamma ...............
X - 0.3378
................
...............
i.................
-2.............
Data Pt, vs 3rd order Polynomial Fit -Xvel=0.3698

0..

.0.2

0.2

0.4

Figure C7. Pitch Angle vs. Gamma

42

0.6

X = 0.3698

0.8

Data Points vs 6th Order Polynomial

04
0.45..

5
0.4

0.32 .
-

............

. .............

0.25 ............. "............. ....

. 0.25

. .........

.
?.............
--.....-.

........ I......

-.. . .

...........

0.15
0.1
0.

..

01
0

..

0.02

.....

.................................................................

0.05 ..................
.

...
. .

0.04

0.06

...

...

0.08

Beta

Figure C9. X vs. Beta

43

...

..

.....

0.1

...

...

..

...

0.12

..

X = 0.10 - 0.22

CALIBRATION METHOD RESULTS

TABLE Cl.
ANGLE (deg)

ACTUAL X

-X

CALIBRATED

CAUBRAtED

Ang1e_

ANGLE

Difference

% Difference

0.10302443
0.10473655
0.10484919
0.10467293
0.10453115
0.10450603
0.1042947
0.10553013
0.10538899
0.10503711
0.10499554
0.10602413

0.10457949
0.10371192
0.10314849
0.10555298
0.10518767
0.10124488
0.10179391
0.10596948
0.10553786
0.10712581
0.10698696
0.11249207

-5.271
-3.4375
-2.529
-2.103
-1.7-6
-0.109
0.759
2.15
3.93
3.678
5.167
5.517

0.271
0.5625
0.471
0.103
0.716
0.109
0.241
0.15
0.93
0.322
0.167
0.483

1.50940746
0.97829573
1.62203994
0.84075906
0.62805825
3.12053738
2.39780855
0.41632236
0.14107116
1.98853771
1.89667253
6.10044264

0.14025224
0.14079258
0.14012016
0.113922859
0.14051257
0.14049581
0.13921777
"2 0.13925365
0.1394723
3
4 0.13955706
0.1388783
5
6 0.13916946

0.13980665
0.14122875
0.1382986
0.13791107
0.13841175
0.13965073
0.13724023
0.13925365
0.1419776
0.1433869
0.1443133
0.14635418

.5.09
-3.91
-3.01
-1.988
-0.919
0.2365
0.6768
1.5324
3.647
3.902
5.265
5.55

0.09
0.09
0.01
0.012
0.081
0.2365
0.3232
0.4676
0.098
0.265
0.45

0.317706i5
0.30979646
1.29999554
0.94630291
1.49511339
0.60149886
1.42046589
2.5998E-06
1.7962704
2.74428123
3.9134965
5.16257237

-5.f24
-3.92
-2.749
-2.231
-0.8679
-0.1508
0.9432
2.077
2.913
4.608
4.997
5.535

0.124
0.08
0.251
0.231
0.1321
0.1508
0.0568
0.077
0.087
0.608
0.003
0.465

0.872439i3
0.94408982
0.28338434
2.53350638
1.37240608
2.28047625
2.5996715
0.02514951
0.08164354
1.07703754
2.22643459
2.79364135

00.14,2
0.038
0.145
0.334
0.215
0.1151
0.2
0.211
0.007
0.066
0.101

0.61469162
1.53405034
2.37246331
0.21948013
0.44343307
0.68469612
0.53542f175
1.22172576
2.22331157
2.40643095
3.0200314

-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1

-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

0.18166106
0.18176341
0.18238375
0.18097817
0.1811067
0.18098676
0.18076612
0.18122165
0.18102283
0.18082666
0.18164116
0.18128121

0.18007616
0.1800474
0.1818669
0.17639308
0.17862118
0.1768594
0.17606679
0.18126723
0.18117063
0.18277423
0.18568528
0.18634556

-5
.4
-3
-2
-I
0
1
2
3
4
5

0.2194901
0.21869114
0.21852929
0.21941948
0.22001366
0.219258
0.2191148
0.21973005
0.21999565
0.2191156.5
0.21870449

0.22083929
0.21533631
0.21334476
0.2189379
0.22098927
0.21775675
0.220287990.22241454
0.22488684
0.224388521
0.22530943

-4.858
-4.038
-3.145
-1.668
-1.215
0.1151
1.2
1.789 3.007
4.066
4.899

0.21867328-

0.22786856

6.191j

44

0.647

0,191 I

11356991

X = 0.26 - 0.37

CALIBRATION METHOD RESULTS

TABLE C2.

CALIBRATED
ANGLE (dog)
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

CALIBMRTED
L

_
_
ACTUAL X X
0.2619759
0.26507717
0.26532291 0.26173636
0.26475806 0.26051754
0.26554158 0.26220818
0.26469231 0.26163475
0.2646899 0.26147008
0.26507358 0.26274165
0.26481118 0.26459853
0.26439052 0.26437015
0.26518215 0.27131254
0.26515759 0.27126343
0.26544316 0.27555841

-5.013
-3.869
-2.977
-2.125
-0.9976
0.1185
0.99788
1.908
3.039
3.981
5.206
5.9705

Ango

X_

%
Y, Difleren ce
Difference
1.1699502
0.013
0.111 1.35176715
0.023 1.60165967
0.125 1.25607285
0.0024 1.15513717
0.1165 1".2903287

0.00212 0.87972867
0.0921
0.039
0.019
0.206
0.0295

0.08030137
0.00.770505
2.31176687
2.30272106
3.81070088

0.003 1.54894039
0.053 1.01034686
0.154 1.40258162
0.0104 1.45494093
0.004 1.60019508
0.091 0.29315864
0.001 1.30730965
0.079 0.49215954
0.09 1.06966512
0.23 2.85634722
3.0103945
0.111
0.2 4.05583392

0.30008337
0.3007079
0.3004684
0.30061477
0.30023613
0.30053062
0.30021511
0.30055141
0.29957054
0.30026045
0.2999669
0.29935007

0.29543526
0.29766971
0.29625409
0.296241
0.29543177
0.29964959
0.29629037
0.3020306
0.30277494
0.30883693
0.30899709
0.31149122

-4.997
-4.053
-2.846
-1.9896
-1.004
-0.091
1.001
1.921
3.09
4.23
4.889
6.2

0.33781195
0.33783959
0.33764471
0.33746466
"-10.33782227
0 0.33786794
1 0.33787817
2 0.33840408
3 0.33861794
4 0.33779804
5 0.33786715
6 0.33737456

0.33103523
0.33154321
0.33385295
0.33049924
0.3361555
0.33898174
0.33725878
0.34005809
0.34611675
0.3486671
0.35165497
0.35312697

-5.013
-3.888
-2.965
-1.944
-1.037
-0.123
1.039
1.998
3.037
4.32
4.95
6.103

0.013
0.112
0.035
0.056
0.037
0.123

2.00606283
1.86372124
1.12300352
2.06404389
0.49338794
0.32965667

0.039

0.18331802

0.002
0.037
0,32
0.05
0.103

0.48876627
2.21453438
3.21762102
4.08084063
4.66911618

0.36936742
0.36912224
0.3696089
0.36923632
0.37002864
0.370054

0.36484632
0.36361324
0.36409248
0.36155338
0.36684095
0.36725096
0.36552042
0.36894668
0.37124174
0.37356432
0.3731039
0.37357425

-4.995
-3.942
-2.931
-2.114
-0.9156
-0.0529
1.007
1.839
2.87
4.209
5.1418
5.808

0.005
0.058
0.069
0.114
0.0844
0.0529
0.007
0.161
0.1.3
0.209
0.1418
0.192

1.22401028
1.49245984
1.49250252
2.08076611
0.86147213

-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4

5
6
-5
-4
-3
-2

-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0

1 0.37028942
2
3
4
5
61

0.36989523
0.3698796
0.37052177
0.36956438
0.37034436

45

0.757655-4
1.28791266
0.25643867
0.36826666
0.82115315
0.95775437
0.87213134

APPENDIX D.

PROGRAM "NEW READZOCi"

11t-1)io.
P
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bsv I', I IJ..ndlIpm~j
to],~
y 0-1,1d P1,

30
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lo,, -,

ftap

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coriot I-0. f,.,*m w.'. -.

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270
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300
320
330
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359
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ON t:FY~ 3
V'II Vt v ;
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37 I

....

LABEL 2 M.(
LABEL P1R1
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INPUT
PATA
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~itiIItAi.

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............................................

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4101Psm.-t
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Print a.IJA in, CRT or PRINTER
riil rt
rimim./0 trot I
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rI
7

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Figure Dl.

Programn

46

"NEWREADZOCi"

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41

Fin .
Af

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mr..~4"u.'
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196701 HtFI11 "Pr Iit t re..,mI % oa sc'reen at- pr inter ( O-S.'r ,e.t
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PRINT TAM 5 1 "Per iad b-qtbwean senftgasIe
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1940

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211116
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Figure Dl.

(cont)

Program

47

"NEWREADZOC 1"

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5675 NFX1 1
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9679 IF'1r.In results to Thinl -Jet
Soap4 PRINIFIt IS CP1
560? INPUT "Deviation angle m'srl
V._ve dsta in CRT or Print,t'

-rn

,-,

c.6ql IF to'v1- MIEN PPINYEP Il70

56143
qLCII
AFF~N

Figure Dl

(cont)

Program

52

"NEW-READZOC V"

,,r~qn
jillp.i

iii

r~t,Irn -I

r.

rE

i~~
"a

57

-.

# -

-,A,
. ,

,.

p ( I )-X-,: v

Wp.I I

, t..v'

I )-rt( I )-

*P( I I)

'(p'u,'(ur

MI:p~
X~c
I I

L;7091fPRIMI
.

''.uiculitted

,' P

I*.

,A11f

tji,,

IutA*,,,,,

tlewtlnnmin~

f-

,~ IIfetn'I
I*OIe(
to ;FI,*..~lr'I~.~j(I
FS71YINEWti

~*~

P car

Itmr

57I~14RI1Pi

5716 rAtUSE
c37
17 1
57IR~ IMPUT UouId' you Iik t*a mai another 0 lot
5711I IF Go$WY1 THEN Plot pt
57"a i

Y-e,

572.1 1
5773 On Till

r5~
RItil
S77S 15 flI "Newc' alculattntQ -. '.--mdr loss coeffitent"r'
672F I I.,.% . pi Icu Iat Ion t, -,41r.. here.
F5779r*r

!,70 "I(IlCA
A
IF REAL 82luI! Sc ^v
'l
G77 A 1i.
Of''I F RFAL WI-ref( I!S..
4.
I
c;7? ('-2
i I orAIf'
'4If PFAL
i it14 otr-',yl I -- ;r v m '
15737 A! LO)(F115 W511
13 -. rr..s%
I I *-nn4
m)
5734 AtII OVA IE PFtIL 13 noir( I*;, mvI
S73%lALILU('u'IS RFAL 13-devif I:S.rt, mkx
S737 Al- L f)( AIF PFAL IZ~prr~vt I 'vane.
57.VI At.L.0CA
PEAL II er.,%v ( I : Scnn- maxI
51733 hIIJTF'ER IHipointi .Lowp',inti .High- .LowuJ
5740 Rr-.lL Ym..1
15741 8I155G.4u3
1 Betnt in do'rrees
S742 FOR 1-1 TO Scan-max
574't
n'itI' -G4Pth1

5744

(1 r"M(I SORM( EVVP'(

575

I4IOSX
) rv(

57 4

I-

-- An"*~-I );6f'1C4)I

Ir I I I 'Z('t

ont I.r-rev( I ),. it r

f(IIt

Figure Dl. (cont)

I-X/P_r#- I( I
o.(B t1

Program

53

(P

'l
I7

IIt-f

'IC
I

I 'I*

(I

I1
o

ur.

"NEWREADZOCI"

I3_fr..ci
I lkI

57411

57SI
'4F'T

575

de

I,(I-Elraft 1)-$

~-.11

13/1p
r,,

R.qtti
ing *ittirnot trips to dterstitne
lit
d)3
oop,
C.7,4
" 1 "0"I I .
t I - 33
r.7r IIu.I
v
r~~7~~I3
C3II3Ii.fu,(Lcw.;.nt,,' I Ahsi.ontl .14-_arr-' 3).t(
S'le lpi
.Low-1)
573

el

I
1

rq~f3 I

i~il -I~

,f

,*

-3,,F-3I

57937 PIMNINT 'LE-ge.

57S' (POINI *MAf.IE2-"siI~auft
5759 PRINT I
*'ItiirqhI
510 IPRINT "I-I
-"v ob.. i
7676ZtPeftrtert
ii nde' vIlue to~ interpolaeI bq,i~t3-n *31.,III3I,
57153.' ine
IlisrJte
to find I.,jrtraverse posit 1-t, (or nisa f'lo,1% Inte
764- Ile .1--l .0
S76S PAUASE
5797 CALL. 1Intrpolate(IValu"I q!mlue2.PosItI *Posit,,xrr~h! r-1 4~
.
5768 PRINT "Probe position frr one blade sae
,;Prrohe ni~il
5770 PAUSr
6165 1 POWI; VATUFS TO ChlF.Cli 'rUSPROGNAMS
GIGS I Prolit posit.I .634S
6 197 1-- .. ..
.
...
.. .. ,. . . . . ..
. ...
6169 1 I3mqivicael~u~istioni% of 11 .12,13l by calliviriq
Oat lt uhlrpf
6169 1 W).inn the upper and lower point$ of thaqintegrAl6170 ioo ot
I - 1l
6171 MI.~ Dolat..tnt(Lowpo~r I *Hi
.4
it4 *II_arrayl
3 I I II
I.',t.it
6172 CALL.ODt-. int(Lawpootnt I.Lnw~ji _ora'yl )Vt*.it IIn
1o
6173 CALL
tealet.lul.eu2I..noj..ntI.3Ft.Xl
8174 PRINIT '11.INT *,fllIint
6176 PAUSE
6176 I
6177 CALL Dot -nt)Lowpoieit IH Ulh_1 1,2._array(#)Y
1).2
-I t -~It
1178 CALL Oat..int(Lawacilwit,ILow-i .19...arYI 41.Y( ),12-J ft- 10)
1179 CALL I~nterpooltgfUaluel .VaiueZ.2_int~io.12_.int~hi..12_jnt .Xe.t 3
6190 PRINT I2-INT-'oI2-nt
slot P'AUSE
6I192 I
G193 rAL. Dat-int(Loauaaintl ,High-i.13_0rreyt),Y(*).13_int...hi
6194 CALL Det..10t(Lwowoihtl .Low_1.,13..Array('I.Y(*),13_intjlo)
6I9S CALL InierpolatetValuel ,Ualue2.13_jnt..jo.13..jnt~hi.13-jnt.Xa-1
6196 PRINT -13jNT-'iI3...nt
6107 PAUJSE
6199 REAL Pt_..nf..evg
ISlOREAL Y~y-f.avgi
Bill REAL QUref...vg
6192 REAL P~refeavg

61914 X~retavg..O
6199
6196
6197
,s111

Ptj-laf-vq-4
Oy-el%..jvqg
P-refeavg-@
roR I-i TO High-I

62111
62921
6203
6205
6269
6207
6209
6209
6211
6212
6213
6214
f6215

Pt-reI`avg.Pt( I)4Pt-ref-svg
rfa~Prf
-'ifiI)Of~v
P-rsfevg-Pysf(I#P-Pref-8v0
NEXT I
K-ref.qvp-K..yef..vq/HiIqh.i
Pt~re1avq-Pt~ref.evq/Hluh..I
n~ref~avq-Q_.retevq/Iqth~i
Pj-efeava-Pyef..avq/Itiah-L
1
19...usinq 1l.12.13 calculate A,B.C,DE
At-C I~ nt/Ijlnt ICE refavg
913113 Int/I1-nt )4 ref-sva
).!av
"-I1~2
c1-( (GORq410

Figure Dl.

(cont)

Program

54

"NEWREADZOCi1

62ZP x3 %,h-qQOfl(-Ol -Sopvnx'nZ..4*sct*E I),(z2-17i I

6?IlI RINT *Y'R Still
,~

~t

I?"t

f',,-

sub

r1

K:?15 IPt.1l.IV'f ref 4vU'X ri.1 Avg1"'l I-%_,r-ef

vg
ii;M p'1-:'
'''
ng'a~- I
91'eta3j li ed I

sz:'I i-i

it wt or t.ref

mt~e'-w
'f,drI3_,,i-e.

re

avc'y _etpf-avg.
aI
jf'

i'('

r/6a4opf

5%.3n.
6 -. 1r
U3232
1;27 1
S73i

tF flom1rt,; PIrFI'M
few 70?
Ui FAterV'PFFr4
rnijil " 14 IIPPF.R -i
i,
'~
Ia 1 LOWER VpIIsI
rpipir *K ,qjvcd - *sX.Imi~nd

6111

190)1141 Pit,' mv', d- '"

G24(91
IllJl

r.t

I)( Geri-

vQ

'-TII

te

67,4 1 0 Pinte Tw'tat

thst wmq rTolc',igted bv Hne...9.'r,'.,

If-.,n, i'

C24.3 CLEAR SCRUN

6244 PHMITfI' fS LnfT
R245 rALL Plot
6246 FOR 1-1 TO Scsn_%a4
9247
PLOT Pesxtt( I I Yll ,Pen2( 1
6249 NFXT I
6249 FOR 1-1l10 Stanaoax
6.156
PLOT Pstp(
I ) Y( I )PetiV I
9252
6253
6254
92S5
6258
62S7
6256O
66299
6760
6261
6262
6276
62110
9296
6366
6316

PftUFE
10vallocitte all real varlattles
1
nEA1.LOCATE Pen21v)
DEALLOrATE P_lfl(.I
DEALLOCATE P-exait(G4
DEALLOCATE P -raefv)
DEALLOCA7E 11-InIC.1)
OEML OCA TE C~exft(e I
DEALLOCATE flat.),
DEALLOCATE 11.2(f$
nEALLOCAIE 11,34*1
DEALLOCA1E 11,44')
PEALLOCATE O4 s)
DF.ALLOC"ATE Ptt*I
DFALLOCATE V(s)

6312 !D"aIlocata added vvriables

6313 OFALLOCATE rP-1(0
6314 OFAI.9.929'TE P-st(s)
6315; OFALLOCME P_9t o *)
6317 prALLVIDAI P3_rr0e
S3113 DEAL LOCATE Pilichlo)
6319 flEA~.OCAiNE Pltch~p(.I
U332 DEALLOCAI
X-vely,(.l
G632'1LIEA. 1.011A TF
veil)
631" iiEA.l.I.O',AlF
Oets.-ME.
8323 I'IALLEICATE Ganrna_00a(
6324 OEAI.LOCAIE X-inte,-p(6)

Figure D1.

(cont)

Program

55

"NEW-READ...Z0C1V

4;5'
[IFAt I PC"It
E 23( .
G.1 7 n Al IOA I r. Hsch_.v.Lf
C., I! OF,
*fI( 'ale r h
I -$
1, jai j
rz~JAferi
,

ni~ i oc'(A r
It rh:I

rhf, *,t
(fit 41(

-I wa ! aiwntr rthi
P I

ra.

I3t,
'~ If 1 Ol
a4 irI F

F; 7rfrI
61 7

Fo

1-I j 1 01-19
talC

(a
I

"(

y I _,,.'af'I

.r

1firta !S0C1 1I 14 mr- m..f

E;. AI9 prit,I aIt.~ I!

I 5aa~

P4
t4"

13 dint *
I23_,i

DaF.It I *WAI I
hr~AtI Ih,hI r

I ..................................................................
f,.i4IU LIFY I rAP1I
(41O
M1 1*? 11'HTWI1
1
p

..................................
Tlit)A
'ac1

rRIFIC'Ti

..........

..

AIL FT
ntrFvpr. lami I-Aitl:

f~riin
'i'A

AtIO

1,,-:.I.......I.......................................

1.4 1111 f1*.-%

I ,-A

.A

6450 ft AI I t1CEIE Oat&('

64A'f
r'tA~L-MATE Pat)
6 776 IIF (tiIJ
ij4PO

S 11 (rliets : I
GIO8E
it tillnt

sroo
65ZO
Gt;'i
6S40
615s0
64~0
GqV7I

ed-I TOIl . t':"p

rR1I41EI 15 CRT
IU)AD Z'Mr-IIEN1J.1".0
FNt
1

oiIacte

.......

I*...*ee.............4.60..........

...........................

iS'J14'ttINE TO AFI IM' SPAPHICS WntOrW

I .**...

**.*..

.......
*.....

..........................

.......

BS9S I
Mw9 WTI Plot
96,10 1
61,i@
6610

lSiihiriaftine to diiaolmy niit

'cree~ne. Jei-! the cailt tj
1,,
a,.~"
Ife-, thet specified vers~hle.s in the COI/V'Iot lahaIr/
ltine.
A
6631 1
1
Sb4ACM !rrtlf
labals/ Yoa Xf vo Yf U O~cIy it let X~jab~eIsy ('hpL
r6r!,

Gr~i;o
6410

CLFAR

CREEH

vrvr LASFLS OFF'UtIAT IF

1niti~aII.e Iaa-aaka a ii-f

6690 v--Trne-yf-vo
167001 U')"i
6710 MOVJE 10e*nArIO/2.iee

(I.Ifingth oaf Y-nx,ti

'Chsracte'- rrf pt-ora
tflove dir sear toa u-vrp-

6720
6730
C740
67S0

CSIZE 3
LAREL flitit
MCIIJEI0SORArio/2,@

Infires labeling
t
1Pint &f)p
Itiove rur-ior t*ota,t4'

ItJRC;

IWharacter r-r

r'I ibttor,

677%@

LFlF

IX

fa,,

4
li~jatr

Figure D1.

(cont)

Program

56

arit~t-

1"-: For

.~.

~a,(
,11,

,pnr,

t~b.c

"NEWREADZOC I"

IjIpr III '

p1,I,
1'

II

)I'r . I;I,
FIJ"4

I)IJO!

p;pt~j

Ip

ir

f.,i.

!1

~~

r.

')

II Ajpr

,IIi

tn',

r~i

If-(1

Yf

I'"I

iI~u~ t'

1.
fl-

P.IIr

I
t

"I

F)i' Ir

-bI

i~t'~"

'

4Yo-

ci
ct%, .

'I

tI !, IA

USJi
NG

21

f Yf '7I r

./040

1tl 5d,
lfrmI

103

fif o n I.(l

I frI' f iV

Figure Dl.

ri

III-

(corn)

Program

57

"NEWREADZOC I"

'7710

1`41110-1' PAFE

77"f 0

11111 A( I(AD)

.171

1)11 pf4
I otn ) 0

'7750 I'iftl
1)1- t
7

V4
IM I

A411 (10

779.? MAT I -. 'j~n4

POI
-1'(i 1-'-tk 1 )'P11 41~

'A7.
Hat
'70110

W1I.I 11'fI

nI

If~3

)*oe

f0

?Q -0'~

70?pI NEY1 11
,7fq;trr!p f-i,-qoN t4
7979111
)94,
(
71300

,910

1)himI l)fjl1r

I'

IIge.It
'Da

89? t 1

1111 )'

TO

1.f os14at-.11e.31
PqV.(I
-I
IasI

1.1 Ih I(l

EMs IFW
NEXT

78p

A6004 ')le')a

411)(P

MI ,I)Po

it.~k-P~
2-Io Is
lt-01n4int

90113lhGsetI

SIIM

w,0

FigurSOTO
BOND
EM)5I

14-

(c8)

rgam4EWRAZC

140111

4(4 In# -, r4Ilate( Y I'-.

II'4
44'I I44444 JSF

IIf

11"1

110"n

I.

Tr

r. fli v 1

4'4,(
170

mw

'('I4-

.'4

1111 r t

114t11
1,

in,44" .1

I it

44(4

f, I

4,4inh

v-'4 1-an4TO Nr. .I~t

0240'
n n c44

ru

it

02110
PP1 01

er
14440oiitnFfi
I

BSI 44T

iny

one1

Dim

F133r0

MAY
0 A-4'o?

03240

MATI V-N -P~i

A'310

MAY4r:- 100

933;0

MA IDin-

(1? )

fJ-I4vp,,)nt-f
0370
43341 4JI-N-1
(
potiont~lI( P)
FL'P I--1
P3q41
1('4 D10141 )-W' t ))/'t 144 t I44(I4I
I .@/(R( 1.1 )-RI II
A400 A(tT"
)-R( 1-1 ) I
44/lf' I' Rt I-I ))--(R(I 44-0'I 4II.)-At I
(3410 R(II ?-!f)! 71-0414 44-R?)
'(l)T7)ON
40i
t
A4C44 C!' I 4'44 I '.
NEXTT
P.4 W
9441, 0.Ff11

n-p.'~t1I4

A'I4

1, OnI'I I' l-I( (I'

q4470
94ro4

kr tiltDet _
44.iI

.(D4

I44

4'

& (141

1
1Il(RI4I44

3 -R(I 1

11t44144t4 I

44rv1 I
9'3#P ( 7 1'I411 7
P 1I V3
( :1 v
A
A 1-32
1
8444444,4 14j
44I('J44
44n1N4AfN4'((14N4I 1' 3!'PlfJ4)/.l
R0PV
-rN))
I ,t -- AI),t InIt f 1nI I I I10 1itIt( N
OR
11c;10
Br'20 Sl444f4fli

Figure Dl.

(cont)

Program

59

t'4
r,,4~'?r4'
I4?:~;O

7.'''
'''

"NEWREADZOC I"

APPENDIX E.

MIXED-OUT LOSS CALCULATION

The calculation of the total pressure loss coefficient in the fan-blade cascade
model required the calculation of fully-mixed-out-flow conditions.

This

requirement was difficult due to the probe not traversing parallel to the trailing
edge of the blades, and the use of uneven spacings. Figure El shows the fullymixed-out control volume for the analysis, and the location of the traverse in the
fan blade cascade model.

Fully

"

ed

tl

Measurtf ent
with
T
ereraverse

l nPlane

x(l)

iInlet Plane
Ptrefz
STtref

Cascade

zk

Figure El. Fully-Mixed-Out Control Volume

The equations for the analysis, reported by Armstrong [Ref. 12], were
programmed in HP Basic and are part of the data reduction program
"NEW_READZOCI" listed in Appendix D. The analysis required that the probe
data be taken over a single blade space. Due to the probe traverse not traversing

parallel to the trailing edge, it was required that the program calculate when the

60

probe had measured the same integrated mass flux at position 2 as had entered at
position 1( where nozzle free-stream conditions were known). The integral in
equation 1 was programmed as a subprogram labeled "Mass_flux".

I=J X2 (1-X2 )y0 Xref(I

.Pr2 .cos 02d ( x

(-

ref)
-

where di is the staggered passage width of 1.656 inches and ds is the blade
traverse distance required for the analysis. By computing the integral at every
point in the traverse, the distance ds was determined where the integral became
unity. Once the proper blade space distance was known the following equations
could be calculated using the subprogram "Datint" which was an integration
scheme designed to integrate a function over non-equispaced points.

X2 (l~x2 )r-l1

i1 =J o

i
.-.Tre
PTref .cosI32d(_)

(2)

0 Xref(l - Xref)'Y'1-'

A2

X2 2(1-X 2 2) Y-I
0IXref2 (1- Xref 2 ) -'
f

61

PT2 .cosfi2 sinP3

2 d( x_)
ref
S

(3)

(1 x 22 )r-1 +(

X22 (1- X 22 )7- 1 cos 2 p2

P T2

13 =f

~~Xref 2 (1 - Xref 2 ) Y,-1

-d(x ) (4)

De

AA

(5)

X3 sin 13

Xref.

11

(1-X32)+ (1)X32cos2p3

B=Xref. 1 -

X3 cos.8 3

(6)

(7)

Cf (7+,)2

(,r-)

7(7)

D=(y=.l)[1_( LA2],y

)A

E=

x 32

(8)

2B

D=_

1- (2yA2

+A 2

(9)

B2

(0
(10)

-+D2 2C -4CE

where the subsonic root of X 3 is chosen

62

SiI

A.a

fl

=sin- [

".

(1)

Xref (1- Xref 2 y

PT3 =

f1

(1p2re
(12)

x 3(1- x 3)Yi cos (P3

The fully-mixed-out loss coefficient could be then be calculated using the
inlet total pressure, the fully-mixed-out total pressure, and inlet static pressure in
Equation 13.
Ptref- Pt3
Ptref - Pstaticref

(13)

When the above procedure was followed using the baseline test data, the
values obtained for ds were significantly greater than 1.656 inches. In reducing
the baseline data, the fully-mixed-out condition was calculated using Eq. (2) Eq.(12), with the full survey distance (s), which was 1.656 inches.

63

SELECTED RAW DATA

APPENDIX F.
II I

I.u tt

Pro-r
oi
btwnamr sAmoljI
t
';AMPieI
I P ermllnrftlon
r-ntts

pe) I,
f!li-

I)O 1A Prtv {t OUt

l|mlthmb

r'

rf

fnr
tJ

smmrI|'

o~f

I'1,,ID

4lA }4.

003030130.1p.WO
I@

.,

[fi-vimrsfaI:l,,
*

14.72 flr. I
" I0302 1!,'"

iir*.M ure 1,":

Alin-gthrenr-.
IijimpI Pr'ssur'm Ratio is:

F r j.n

pI
Pel" pIit
"itr

)I firnIth no IfAIa r-ull (picp

lhe ,,cen lVtle i9s
f* ,C4Ii trofverne5
oth Iber"
Iltirr-mottl

II

Por-t Numbler
1

15.419

15.410

4"7. ICJ.l

45.021

I5. 4.13

;.7.

.3

I19.439

47.26*7

44 . 97A

IS.4"

" B G7

4
G
6
7
p
9
II'
11
12
13
14
1i
16
17
is
is
20
21
22
23
24
25

15.443
15.399
I1.399
15.377
15.356
15.421
15.291

46.9 ;?
45.9i2
46.906
47.01
47.097
47.0Irl6
4 .'7" 2
46.91
47.34.1
47.428
46.377
42.269
41.344
38.783
41.919
46.239
46.801
48.744
46.649
46.692
46.497.
46.439

44.769
44.112
44.562
44.619
44.741
44.084
44.429
44.543
44.901
44.910
43.444
40.175
39,461
313 100
41.82S
4U.230
45.999
45.5;2
45.4.6o'
45,12
4S.597
4r,450

15..4 It:
15.533
15.S43
15.40.3
1.,1
I1 .!;I'
15.51
;
F".t;5,
I .IS.1
;5.471
1S.463

32.. 4 I;;IIl:
r;3.
'1.
,;;7
l?
3'.4 4;I
U3
3;.
; 101,'

15.533

52.52?

15.356
15.390
15.367
15 .453
1S.399
15-410)
1S.432
I5.34t
16.39g

15.421
15.367
16.432
16.464
15.356
I1.410

26

1S. 464

27
29
29
30
31
32
33

15.377
15,443

11.399
I5.3.99
15.432
15&443
15&421

46.420
46.296
49.382
1. 46.229
46,373
46&277
49,166
..46&210

Figure Fl.

.1

:47

15,603
t5.493
15.463
1541t,3
Mg=523
15.923
1.S3. 523.
I5."3
19,. s .
15.533
1r,.543
15.563

45.,S9

15.Sf3

45SO.;
455.62
4S3&B5.9
991
46 t,
49t.93
4M,266
46it96

1S,54.
1.533
156,43
15,593
15.543
15.S4,
19.S13

Run 2

64

2/24/94

";

.A.

:I'*,
-V" 93tH.
32 ...Fi,
V.. i 6
.S'.'51fin;?

'.',.'!47

3.2
.4.,,
37.32
32.9;87
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32.W;"2
,1
47.
..
32.512;
32.482
32.92?
32.5S2
32. 482
.FeI
32
32. , .12
32.462
52. F;22
32.442

q3.741
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",t ;0
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t.I.3.l
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F;gI 5
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t-,l . ;1;1
t;7;

113.Wl

50.,4.33

53.I14 1
3 IV'
!;3.741
!,3.3'r.
9. 7.:1,
!;3...43
1;7
t3.114
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3.7'f,.
5.p-"
3.

45. 39r,
4.S54
40."09!
44.4109
59. 625

53.4'00
!;3.I-.1!;
. 3 .rG
1 32
,,-,7
;3
S3I.r1,13. 70!;
r3i,';

,31

Raw Data

;t.301
,.I 74I;
,.2"35
.51
91.0Itl9
si..qtm

51.0114
S1 .091
-51.0361
l .048
51 . is)
S.1179

UI131
1. 3t
5,

Par Iti on

lintn~.
M_
4

.(~~~~r~~''-

S'i
'

c~ -. -C5
- - ---

r,

.',

I~~~~~

I. Lip3q

4-.5000

+.56250

4''

'.Ir:A I-ri'7;
7

4.G2500
1431A

44.it;~n

14.1
4.

4.1.1.1 71pq

.4dI(4l

S03

1 r47

4 .937ciP

I062S

41
250
I . I 750Q

.4'8V
1

1.061044

q0Ji4 I .20G3269i

.24PIPS4

4.~96

1I*ji31250
41.37580
41.4375e
II.90000
+1I.5G250

101110
4.100453
4.098859

+1.687S@
+ I.7SOSO

4.090239
f.098908

+1.81250

t.0972395

41 . 87500
+1I.93750
+2. 011000

i .117407
+ . @973 14
1. 10~0405

4.

101977

1 .;'1ePfJ94

+.099627

'fi'

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f-!,l7
t~

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1141

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+ .3~;c
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+ .,'c;94C14

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;1 .)r.rG 0
174911q8

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4 .07P71 S
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4'.607SO
740

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+ . 11 3r; 0
4.3I1c19:!

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t30'-IRO

4:"J1q'.
I
I-v:
1 11; 907,57r

4 . 3102 19i
f'.33 011
+ ..3179131

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-1

44'tMAO

1;.''.
4

rhe C85C.'de los's CL104ftr.,erif t1a3CL1 on~ J4 iO

dyn0'.k: lr-PSSUrs as cadctilated usinp
miass nveraaed QUOnt1$ifiel Sh~oWn betlo.)

PtoiPt.%

1;:io@,S:20 l!3
0.4q9334S37F5

P(; I
PS. I

Ptl-PI 39.1956451806
Ttavg
6 14.5 dag R
W-bar -

PSIA

.084206392192

Figure Fl.

(corn)

Run 2

65

2/24/94

Raw Data

41i

W?4

(
1ui
fwr.
1
7 C
lint.'% P'rlst
lgwrind finfulf-er, a'l

"lPuIMhIr
nF
llemIjl
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"E

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t~II
I
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I , it
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l) '9.
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III-! P
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t~IqA
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9

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44."

IS. 14

4 6 -.r,4i

,2.
44.309 1
.: '.
I ,.""7
7'
44 25
.20-.11
43. 1)1114 15.26?
43. 94 1 15. 397
43,7 , II;.22?;:
S. 2112
4 71.W3.
I.
4 .3 .11"M ' S.
+3 1

411.4,29
441.-2,1

I s. I 9s
15..08

45.227
4G. 112
4,1199
4Ri.241;

I5. 107 ,.19,

160
915.071,4r. .4
2.,1Z
.4
I ,931
I U. 9? 46tQ17
46, 198
159.031
79
1 %.0013
413
15.9744s34%
IS,31, 40.205
15.994
37 a9NO

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14
1t
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17

Ifl

43.741
IS. 292
43.
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Sfl., 24I,4
s;i.ori
9
1 92
4.3.5
43.694 .l15.292
43.779 IS .29A2
43.,I411M,
I;s.2z
41 .68
I5+2r1s
39.479) 1s.,z v.
37, 1UsB 1302

4,1020

M9,.2
44.1;94 :1S. 282

41s28S

IS.129
1
II7

4S.442

"L

"15.l97
1 .12
I9,

49.21
49o944

23
2..'

115
S.. 14 3l4Sl.gl
0 -- '45 .&8 5 J

20
27

15. 107
15617
1 s.15,
IfS., OR4
l.f s 06'a

45.191
45,499
49,403
45&37S
4543 .A

isr-12
44.797
.
1M323
44:90813
Ig,292
4
15, 31,.2
44 ,-111#
1,;
ts7 .12..
45.075
,7
.
I

16,,17
l9&97

4 .38
49s346

45,141
45.320

19.184
t5.006

45,375
4s,9231

I R9..301
495.G6
41%.54 R It,392

* 30
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* 32
33

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Figure F2.

q2

3>O.

"* I6.l

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19

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| 5.960.3
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(I

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1ticrMEvt cf |r'avri-e!
prpsilv'- In!
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. '.1311

;.. qq

';

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!3.

.!1114

q-,.';r;l!J',. "n;r,
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-J::.'747
;!.P'/6
!;?2.t75

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r9.
!1.'7,
,
50.tt;,4
t0.
)t*il
LP . ,V;
.17'.SA11
4;2.1,11

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3q. II3

N.949F

44.1'".
49).73M

31 9
31.964)90.47
32.098
17 .4 11

!;".99
.;!.t.
!i'r

44.791.
4 4 . 83 9

2 92
11r. a,3
0 2'

.31.969
.3 ! . .ro

.':7. tm q
r ;, .;,

31,9900
31 950
31 qlq
:5.I . 64
31 . U2.11""-

til..'t 1P.07
f.
!;'.'13f
1`13
.s;!..
I ; . 1'
f;1.

66

';?. gillsl
.

37.04P

i9.202
16,21.
15,29J2

Run 4

,5
ol

0
?,. 411
A
37.
37 .r l
,.11.7fl
9.0
.,1.137?i
31.998

44.74r
44,783
44.773

15. 21.7
16,302

31 .9q9.
31 .'
31 .Fiat
31 .p150

2/24/94

'0.!,1'9

4....

59..4,
t6.13',
Sr-j2
O .71 nT" ,

'
1l,,
!13 '7,1.
,++

;(I.;:i;.
.;!*y;
'.34:' ip
. '113

';:'.'.9t
':'..

Raw Data

'0. 4'ul.
!;1.419

----

--------

---

aI

+.106918
+.107439
+.106677
t.107047

40..0000
4.06250
+412560
+.19750

+.407205
+.409964
+.401569
1.437265

33 7743
'+.337187
+133S075
+.336100

+33.439232
+33.355166
433.4S4211
+33.17456q

O3.540
#3.612
03.445
+4.17

*.2S@008

*.107011

1.471172

+.336001

'313.
1'V1rq

# 3.11-7

4.312SO

+.104200

4.44 342

+.328 Z ,

4.,
.... fL'701

+.37500

4.103900

+.45252

+.3274V,

4.1.790177.

-.I. 100
1.~

+.43750
+.see50

+.103921
+.104520

t.457597
4.457256

4.32747)
+.32"1117

43.FW1)7.
f3I.6.04.1

4.56250
4.62509

4.104380

4.455215
+.446434

+.32877'

4.104489

+.68750
+.75S00

4.104038
F.103950

+.445915
4.463457

+.327794
+.3Z75S3

+.81259

4.S20485
-.599904
4.S34907

+.328161

4.93750

+.104172
4.096681
'.079337

+1.00000
+1.06250

+.042896
+.069499

+.411459
4.086222

+.192636
.4.25083.

41.12500
+1.18750
41.250200
+1.31250
41.37500
41.43750

+.094879
+.102192 +.1t2727
+.101532'
+I.101325
+.101590

+1.500003
41.56256
+1.G2600
+1.69750
+1.7SOO
6.1.8125o
41.87500
+1.93750
42.00E06

+.87500

. rf--,7P.t,

+.309411

4 13. Vf, Itl I

+33.631007
+33.749793
* 3.?797Q
f33.513559

4.270226

4.3:91.8

+.3z9@2q

+.179722
+.222420
+.219231
+.209210
+.17G241
+.159021

+.303954
+.322777
4.32421A
+.320999
4.320444
+.321127

4.101350.

+.168922

.37Z8512

+.10172
+.1t6168
4.100457
+.099596
+.100239
4.099511
+.98056
4+ 99GI3

+.317386
+.1237fl
+.317094
+.080332
+.318137
+.079940
+.0S9S78: ,',+.315074
-. +.317563
4.044425
+&315652
-. 038692 "'4.313950
t.316918
-.062773

52.8913362148

,tt-P1
Ttavg W_bar

49.7955979741
-

37.6061947212
deg R

67

.48
'.060
I67

. 1,A
AM
-1.17M

'4I

435.091164

f34.889373

Run 4

-.014
.I

4.14.6244f4
434.662676
434.996756
434.';FGH3
434.66833
. 34.865673

PSJA

(cont)

li;.E3'

435.22R9C-.

+35.,217323
'34.L.;44R'
414.26S2,
i34.46R6923
+34.454296
434.408r5W

513

Figure F2.

4 r,.'Q1

434.3533,.7

PSIA
PSIA

.0947131241109

+4.12
14.430

"I,

loficieht based on tnh't

The cascadeaoss108
dynamic pressure as calculated using
mass averaged quantities aS shown below.

Ptnal PtnaZ -

4.299
t4.)I7

2/24/94

Raw Data

-i.1qS

1-.429
-I.63:;
- .121I.005169
-2.3G3.004

Da',ta "rnt

Out

for Zoc

t I

Pr'riod between sample

. Run 1 5

, FIeZRI41415424

,03030203030,;

(se.fl

!,ample collection rate (j,: -33

trtgmber of enMpJe. per,
0
3ort:
10
m t 1fthof d ,. run (Stc):
31
IIumlhnr

of sr 3tis/ t r~vPrs,:
ot" triverso:
tOim ih,.rir- pre.l.:lre j,-:
lNinel Pres ure Rnt io ij:

,nc'rerpiant

5 :Ar,
'1

14. 5R

;57 I ltcIe!-

I 1. ,1

r'1i.

.1263,;-14"713

Port Num5ber24

.0

43V 3:K

14.901
54.RE)
14.880
14.8S8
14.8130
14.814
114.980
14.803
5
14.782
14.880
14.047
14.880
14.869
14.814
14.869
14.782
14.825
14.836
14.880
10
14.858

46.517
AS..l73
45.576
4S.643
4S.518
45.691
4G.614
45.76R
45.662
45.624
45.182
43.819
41A840
39.703
37.954
37.2S9
38.152
40.715
43.348
44.826
45.326

4 3.
43. I PS
43.9q
43.109
43.2 =1 "
43.214
43.281
43.214
42.937
42.364
41.-89
39.284
37.904
36.831
36.S37
37.826
40.501
42.718
44.069 "4
44.211

29
3)
31
32

14.890
14.912
14.880
14.869
14.901
14.917
14.869
19
14.836
14.1301
14.956
14.901

45.326
4G.288
4S.345,
45.269
45.249
45.269
45.230
44.999
44.961
44.99e
44.913

44.316
44.211
44.240
44 .W2
44.259
44.230
44.240
44.192
44.325
44.675
44.997

14.991
31.GIG
15 .021
31 .S1 r14.971
,3,.1 I1r,
I1S.00 1
31 .S9r
14.991
31.G35
14.913315.5515
14.991
31 .591
14.991
31 .5G
1S.001
3I .46
15.0S1
31.667
15.061
31 .36

33

14.912

44.711

455.03

55.051

,'
4

10
1I
12
13
14
15
16
17
II
19
,5
22
23

"74
25
26
27

Figure F3.

Run 5

68

14.931
14.991
14.95;
55.0
14.96I
14.
IS.001
14.971
14.931
14.991
I5.041
1.011
14.981
14.991
14.961
14.921
16.011
14.951
14.931
14.9"71
14.971

2/24/94

I 'A "
"
;.
.;
7
31.7
3
57
F
.";:
31 .11G7
31 .36
31.595
tl.*f.49
3 .667
31.53R
31 .646
31.677
3.S86
31.687
31.586

3 0II
r ,,'!
;-.. !1
r;.'.
5.2". 3
5?,. :F,
52.301
c.,,..301'
52K.83
52.292
,
.521292

. '. 5
1
'; o1.1
11.
a0.'
4
r.)05I..
3..9.5MS
3r. 68
9*9

35.536
31.576
31 .?67
31 .676

12.118
2.?,41
5135 1;3
Fl..5
,,-.i_

431.491
4L ,2A;
4q 3G
19.8
I P8'7
,q.

.7.' i:;
.
",.". 'W)
9,1.i8.
3
53..,4
6-;2. 7C;7,
'-2. 264
S7. ;1415
r2.25I f:
52.401
;Z. 2 0

4'1.
'964
,,
4I;.4
, 1 .1
q!1q7
11.f348
4.95G
1
.4
9. P10
.
117.'7
,11..694
19.858
4t1.973

F2.209

49.9B3

35.F55

.7

r;q .

.t.
1

r;9,

172
..
V'

r;:..

Raw Data

I{m
-I.1
;
C.-

lI.

iq. Gi

.'

r;Ii?

,*
4.

ee}
"gO

I
,. I
. ll7tOeG

4.

10

4 r. Ft rq)C~

4.71875
+ .'78
,G
.791
+ .7.1 257SI074S3

I
b
II)
4 . .tI ,4If
4. ;L'
*qo:'
4PO
' ''tr .
,V~...I~

.4

e. I042P0?
. 10 .3370,I
4

1.009=Jq

4
.7
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.nl~
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7xI

r, 1
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V7ii'*t 4 .:)I41l)f.
.,;"i;
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5394r,1-CT
f,Ir.'~
44+...
t ( r~., 1

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,

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.',11,11,'
. . 10
1

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+. 97S P

4 O. GG30

. .M 91
' ,"
#.Fi5040s

4 .. , .O
" ,

;.076380

+.'OG2r
.43 rj

I.057994
*'04327.91

+ 4A7.19;,.,f;
'q
4. 4N.1'7

"..7
V '1
4. 1 q. " *

4A10223

4.1 rI I4 .01407'7

':0;.

.
4'-.

,,.9r.,B7.
4 I .0000..
4"1.0*312
SI
1.11250h

4 . 14 ,1.Z
4 1 ';.332 r.Pg

F..:c1.I?::i
. 7.444v
4
. ,'qPr;ru
+
.
t;""r
WE;..

1I`.093"7S
'1 .12t500

102S90
+.102928

t .. II7P 41f
. I 9FLq.t

4 .. 3.:7146
I. 3f 7r1
3

15

4.0

14.'.0r9

-. 104871

4 .2101

930

I
"'.4,,

4..'r,4e,3.;

.01F;679
.0.12. Z'9
2,
1'.099986

+1.1975

''.
...

"".9

Ijl
. .1 .';";1.'
u. .I

.t4.1

. ,
,-31

lf.r.'5
' ' .1.r.'*4
.

7 F

17,4I1 I7- I
," .,91c0
7. 5op
1

,.;),;:I
,I
-.r;

. 32I6 -310
I
+..32 1 "93B

1--iT
4 7,:.

,1;. ,fI"I
113. 100,

-. 1032"3

'.207073
4.194471
+ .,"1 09" 11
+. . "5161

+1.45000
"+"
1 . 58750

f. 101 374
',10 1646

4.160414
1. 12S. 0

+. 320575
+rq 1391.
.7,'2

r's-.
7 ';132'1q

+ .3 1
u
+..31804 il
f . 22 9 r

47

1,2.

06000

4 .100792

0.92604

C,1,6v
(311

+.102052

-. 06717S

Figure F3.

(cont)

Run 5

69

-.330083
+.35674
4-. 37277.3

4.102192
103496
101882SR

+.100422

.:

,.

+1.2187t

.0I36E5o

,1

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LIST OF REFERENCES
1.

McCormick, D., "Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction Control with LowProfile Vortex Generators and Passive Cavity", AIAA Paper 92-0064,
January 1992.

2.

United Technologies Research Center Report R90-957946-13, Transonic

Fan Shock Boundary Layer Separation Control, April 1990.

3.

Collins, C., Preliminary Investigation of the Shock-Boundary Interaction in

a Simulated Fan Passage. M.S.A.E. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School,
Monterey, California, March 1991.

4.

Golden. W., Static Pressure Measurements of the Shock-Boundary Layer

Interaction in a Simulated Fan Passage.. M.S.A.E. Thesis, Naval
Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, March 1992.

5.

Myre, D., Model Fan Passage Flow Simulation. M.S.A.E. Thesis, Naval
Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, December 1992.

6.

Tapp, E., Development of a Cascade Simulation of a Fan-Passage Flow.

M.S.A.E. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California,
December 1993.

7.

AGARD-AG-207, Modern Methods of Testing Rotating Components of

by Sieverding, C., 1975.
(Inlstrumnentati)
Turbomachines

8.

Geopfarth, R., Development of a Device for the Incorporation of Multiple

Scanivalves into a Computer-Controlled Data System, M.S.A.E. Thesis,
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, March 1979.

9.

Neuhoff, F., Calibration and Application of a Combination TemperaturePneumatic Probe for Velocity and Rotor Loss Distribution Measurements
ina Commssor. BDM Corporation, Contractor Report, December 1981.

10.

Nakamura, S., Apflied Numerical Methods with Software. Prentice-Hall,

Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1991.

11.

Holman, J., Experimental Methods for Engineers. Fifth Edition, McGrawHill, Inc., 1989.

12.

Armstrong, J., Near-Stall Loss Measurements in a CD Compressor Cascade

with Exploratory Leading Edge Flow Control.. M.S.A.E. Thesis, Naval
Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, June 1990.

70

13.

Shreeve, R., Elazar, Y., Dreon, J., and Baydar, A., "Wake Measurements and
Loss Evaluation in a Controlled Diffusion Compressor Cascade",
Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp.

591-599, October 1991.

71

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST

1. Defense Technical Information Center
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2.

Library, Code 52
Naval Postgraduate School
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3.

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, California 93943-5002
ATIN: Chairman
ATIN: Code AA/SF

1
10

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6. Office of Naval Research

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United Technologies Research Center

East Hartford, Connecticut 06108
ATIN: Duane McCormick

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Operations Department
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72