http://www.luzenac.com/properties.htm Extraction and processing Overburden removal Most talc deposits are open-pit mines.

The waste rock covering the talc vein is removed using giant shovels that can shift up to 1,500 tons of rock an hour. Talc extraction The exposed talc is then extracted using shovels. Even at this early stage, the different ore types are sorted as they are extracted from the seam. Sorting Sorting the different talc ores according to their talc content and brightness is a key phase of the production process. Techniques include hand sorting, state-of-the-art laser and image analysis technology or flotation. Milling To obtain just the right particle size distribution curve and top cut for a given application, the techniques used include compressed air, steam and impact grinding. Median particle sizes can range from less than 1 micron to 15 microns, and top cuts from 6 microns to over 100 microns. Treated talcs Certain grades of talc are treated, e.g. amine-coated talcs for fertilizers, silane-coated talcs for the rubber industry and cationic talcs for pitch control in papermaking. For the cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries, talcs are heat-treated to decontaminate them. Talc delivery forms and packaging Talc powder is delivered in bags, semi-bulk bags or in bulk. Increasingly, there is a demand for talc in pellet form or as a liquid (slurry). Shipping Luzenac promotes bulk shipment and recyclable packaging and encourages rail and ship transport rather than road. alc is the softest rock in the world.

Talc is hydrated magnesium silicate. It generally occurs in two morphologies, either macro- or microcrystalline. Talc can have slightly differing compositions subject to the associated minerals in the orebody, but all talcs exhibit to a lesser or greater extent the following unique features: softness, hydrophobicity, platyness and organophily. These properties can be further enhanced by careful and sometimes propriety processing and bring a number of specific benefits to a wide range of industries including paper, paints, plastics, ceramics, rubber, personal care and roofing. Present annual world talc production is about 5.5 million tonnes, extracted from some 250 deposits scattered across the globe. The term 'talc' covers over 500 products, each distinct by their nature, the proportion of by-minerals they contain and by their properties. Other minerals vying with talc vary according to the user industry: the two principal ones being carbonates and kaolin. People always think of talc as white, but it can also be grey, green, blue, pink and even black. Basically, talc is many talcs. Talc mineralogy Talc is a hydrated magnesium sheet silicate with the chemical formula Mg3 Si4 O10 (OH)2. Its elementary sheet is composed of a layer of magnesium-oxygen/hydroxyl octahedra, sandwiched between two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. The main or basal surfaces of this elementary sheet do not contain hydroxyl groups or active ions, which explains talc's hydrophobicity and inertness. Talc is practically insoluble in water and in weak acids and alkalis. It is neither explosive nor flammable. Although it has very little chemical reactivity, talc does have a marked affinity for certain organic chemicals, i.e. it is organophilic. Above 900C, talc progressively loses its hydroxyl groups and above 1050C, it re-crystallises into different forms of enstatite (anhydrous magnesium silicate). Talc's melting point is at 1500C. Talc crystal morphology The size of an individual talc platelet (= a few thousand elementary sheets) can vary from approximately 1 micron to over 100 microns depending on the deposit. It is this individual platelet size that determines a talc's lamellarity. A highly lamellar talc has large individual platelets whereas a compact (known as microcrystalline) talc's platelets are much smaller.

Macro-crystalline talc

Micro-crystalline talc

The elementary sheets are stacked on top of one another, like flaky pastry, and because the binding forces (known as Van der Waal's forces) linking one elementary sheet to its neighbors are very weak, the platelets slide apart at the slightest touch, giving talc its characteristic softness. Talc geology Talc is one of the common minerals in metamorphic rock. Although talc deposits can be found throughout the world in various geological contexts, economically viable concentrations of talc are not that common. How talc deposits are formed Talc deposits result from the transformation of existing rocks under the effect of hydro-thermal fluids carrying one or several of the components needed to form the mineral (MgO, SiO2, CO2). Tectonics plays a major role in the genesis of a talc deposit. It enables hydro-thermal fluids to penetrate the rock, creating a micro-permeability that facilitates reactions in the mass. The size and shape of talc deposits depend upon the intensity of the hydrothermal activity which corresponds to the climate of a low temperature metamorphism. Pressure and deformations, both concurrent with and subsequent to this transformation, determine the crystallinity of the talc ore in the deposit. Types of talc deposit Talc deposits differ according to the parent rock from which they are derived. Four main categories exist. Magnesium carbonate derivative orebodies The talc results from the transformation of carbonates (dolomite and magnesite) in the presence of silica. The carbonates fix in-situ the magnesium needed to form the mineral whereas the silica is provided by hydro-thermal circulation. This reaction results in a talc which,

depending on the composition of the parent rock, is either mineralogically pure or associated with minerals such as carbonates (both residual and reactional), quartz and chlorite. Deposits of this kind represent some 60% of world production and provide some of the whitest and purest talc ores. The Yellowstone (Montana, USA) and Respina (North-West Spain) talc deposits are good examples.

Yellowstone mine in Montana - US, example of a magnesium carbonate derivative talc orebody Serpentinite derivative orebodies About 20% of present world production comes from the transformation of serpentinite into a mixture of talc and reactional magnesium carbonates. This ore, commonly called "soapstone", is always grey and never pure. To be used as an industrial mineral, it is often upgraded by flotation to increase the talc content and whiteness. This type of deposit is relatively common and widely distributed along ultra-mafic rock belts. Amongst those currently being worked are deposits in Vermont USA, Quebec and Ontario in Canada, and Finland.

Argonaut mine in Vermont - US, example of a serpentine derivative talc orebody

Siliceous or silico-aluminous rock derivative orebodies Here, talc results from the transformation of siliceous rocks such as quartzite, which provides the silica needed for the mineral's formation. Magnesium is brought by the migration of hydrothermal fluids. If the parent rock has a silico-aluminous composition, e.g. pelitic schist or gneiss, and under the same conditions of formation, chlorite can be formed in addition to the talc, the resulting ore being a mixture of both talc and chlorite. This type of deposit can be found in association with the magnesium-carbonate derivative type, as is the case of Trimouns in the French Pyrenees. This kind of deposit represents about 10% of world production.

Trimouns mine, French Pyrenees, example of a silico-aluminous rock derivative talc orebody Magnesium sedimentary deposit derivative orebodies are only mentioned here to provide a complete picture. Although they can correspond to very large concentrations, the talc ore is generally found in association with impurities such as quartz, mica, clay, organic materials and iron hydroxides. No deposits belonging to this category are currently being mined. The four types of deposit outlined above yield a wide variety of ores that differ in:
y y y

their mineralogical composition, their color (measured in terms of whiteness or brightness), their crystalline structure (compact or platy).

and these three parameters govern the specific nature of each commercial talc grade as well as its industrial application. Talc's properties

Talc's properties provide specific functions in many industries (for more details, see talc applications chapter). TALC PROPERTY TALC FUNCTION USER INDUSTRY softness/non Platyness cosmetics, paper, roofing abrasiveness Platyness printability coated paper rubber tyres, foundry, food, animal feed, polyethylene Platyness antisticking antiblocking, fertilizers, paper (pitch and stickies control), roofing paints, joint cements, plastic films, animal feed, fertilizer, Platyness barrier effect rubber hoses Platyness & barrier effect coated paper, roofing hydrophobicity Organophilicity chemical demand coated paper Organophilicity adsorbing cosmetics, paper (pitch control), olive oil Organophilicity & softness/feel coated paper hydrophobicity printing Hydrophobicity runnability, coated paper porosity Hydrophobicity anticaking animal feed, food, fertilizers Magnesium flux ceramic tiles, sanitaryware, glazes, tableware content low thermal Chlorite content refractories expansion Magnesium & electro-insulating steatites and cordierites silicon content Molecular nucleating semi-crystalline polymers structure Non-polar electro-insulating wires and cables Inertness barrier effect rubber (pharmaceutical stoppers) Inertness carrier premixes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics

http://www.shcrusher.com/products/Raymond-Mill.html Raymond Mill Introduction:

Raymond mill (Raymond grinder)is featured by the advantages of high output, fine powder, continuous powder production with dry method, centralized particle size distribution, continuous

and adjustable fineness, compact structure, low energy consumption, high efficiency, low power consumption, small covered area, little one-time investment, easy installation and maintenance as well as reliable operation etc. Raymond mill is applicable to the dry-type super-fine powder process of mineral materials. Therefore, its the ideal equipment for grinding industries, especially for small-size enterprises.

Working Principle of Raymond Mill:

The lump material will be conveyed into the storage bin by the bucket elevator after it is crushed into the required particle size by the jaw crusher. Then electro-vibrating feeder will uniformly transfer the material into the grinding chamber of the host machine. The material is up-thrown and fed into the space between the grinding roller and grinding ring in the process of synchronous rotation of the shovel and the grinding roller, and forms a cushion material layer. The material on this layer is grinded between the grinding roller and the grinding ring. Thus, the purpose of powder production is achieved. The grinded powder will be carried by the airflow of the fan into the analyzer for classification. The powder with the qualified fineness will enter the large cyclone collector, together with the airflow through the pipes, for classification, and then, will be discharged by the discharging device, as the finished product. The airflow is sucked into the air blower through the air-return pipe on the upper part of the large cyclone collector. The unqualified powder will be thrown to the external wall by the airflow and separated from the airflow. The coarse powder will fall into the grinding chamber for re-grinding due to its own gravity. The whole airflow system is closed and cyclic, and it flows under the positive and negative pressure circularly.

Raymond Mill Features:

Compared with the ball mill, the Raymond mill has higher efficiency, lower power consumption, smaller covered area, less one-time investment. The grinding roller compressed on the grinding ring tightly due to the centrifugal force. Thus, the output and fineness of the finished product will not be affected when the grinding ring is worn to a certain degree. The grinding roller and the grinding ring have a long replacement period, so it gets rid of the shortcoming that the wear parts of centrifugal mills have a short replacement period. The classifying airflow of the Raymond

mill flows according to the recycling process as: the fan mill shell -- cyclone separator -- the fan. Therefore, compared with the high-speed centrifugal grinder, there is less powder dust, and the operation room is clean without any pollution.

Technical Data:
Model Number Roller Diameter (mm) Height (mm) Inside diameter (mm) Ring Height (mm) Maximum feed size (mm) Output size (mm) Power of main frame (kW) 0.165 Fineness of final capacity 0.075 product (mm) (t/h) 0.044 3R2115 3 210 150 630 150 15 0.0440.165 15 1.2-1.8 0.6-1.2 0.6-1.0 3R2615 3 260 150 780 150 15-20 0.0440.165 18.5 1.8-2.5 1.2-1.8 0.8-1.2 3R2715 3 270 150 830 150 15-20 0.0440.165 22 2.3-2.8 1.8-2.3 0.9-1.7 3R3016 3 300 160 880 160 15-20 0.0440.165 30 2.6-3.2 1.9-2.6 1-1.9 4R3216 4 320 160 970 160 20-25 0.0440.165 37 3.2-4.5 2.4-3.1 1.8-2.5