Finite Element approximation of the vorticity-stream function equations for incompressible 2-dimensional Navier-Stokes ows.

Ga Hyung Jo 1 and Hi Jun Choe 1 1) Department of Mathematics Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea ABSTRACT We compute numerical solution of incompressible two-dimensional Navier Stokes equation with nite element method. The Navier Stokes equation has terms of velocity and pressure, they establish relations among the rates of change, for example, in inviscid case, the rate of velocity is proportional to the gradient of pressure, there is difculty to use same nite element mesh for velocity and pressure. We can avoid pressure term by considering vorticity and stream function for Navier Stokes equation and then our system is divided into smaller systems which are uncoupled, so our problem is less serious. Moreover we can use same mesh for vorticity and stream. However instead of getting some advantage, we meet a difculty what is boundary condition for vorticity is unknown. Thus we need some technique to nd its boundary condition. We think way to nd boundary condition for vorticity from relation stream function and some physical assumption on the boundary and then we solve two-dimensional Naiver Stokes equation in term of vorticity and stream function numerically. 1 INTRODUCTION We have the incompressible Navier-Stokes Equation and conservation law of mass, u + (u t )u + 1 p 2u = f t + u = 0 (1) (2)

where u : velocity, : density, : viscosity and f body force per unit mass. We have the incompressible condition, u=0 (3) In two dimensional case, we write that u = (u, v), we dene vorticity wz = ( u)z = = y u+x v and stream function by u = y , v = x . By using basic identity, incompressible condition and assumption there is no external force, we get that Vorticity equation :
t + ux + vy = = ,
2

, in ; on .

(4)

Stream function :

2

= ,

in ;

= g or = q. on . n n

(5)

Finally we get uncoupled two smaller system so that our problem is less serious than the primary. But we dont know boundary value of vorticity, . Hence we need way to nd boundary condition for vorticity.

2 DISCRETIZATION OF BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR VORTICITY In conventional dicretization of boundary condition for vorticity by using Finite Difference Method(FDM) is B = 3 (N B vs y) /y N /2. The conventional method is admissible when only rectangle mesh. In physically we can assume that viscosity is zero near the boundary, we have
2

=0

(6)

near the boundary. From equation (6), vorticity and stream function relation (1) and by some rearrangement we get that

B B =

n B +

I B

(7)

where B and I are test function based on the nodes on boundary and near respectively. To solve the Naiver Stokes equation, apply Crank-Nicolson to time,
1 n+1 n + un+ 2 t

1 n+1 + n = 2 2

n+1 +

(8)

CONCLUSION

The incompressible two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations have been solved by the nite element method using a new vorticity-stream function formulation and this method can be applied resolve not only regular domains but also complicate domains.

REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. Peerters, M. F., Finite element stream function-vorticity solutions of the incompressible Naiver Stokes equations, , Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids., Vol. 7, 1987, pp. 17-27. Graham, F.C., Finite Elements : Fluid Mechanics Vol. 4, Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey, 07632. Camprion-Renson, A. and Crochet, On the stream function-voricity nite element solutions of Naiver-Stokes equations, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng, Vol. 12, 1978, pp. 18091818. Tezduyar, T. E., Glowinski, R., and Liou, J., Petro-Galerkin methods on multiply connected domains for the vorticity-stream function formulation of the incompressible Naiver-Stokes equations,, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, Vol. 8, 1988, pp. 1269-1290. Spotz,W. F., Accuracy and performance of numerical wall boundary condition vorticity, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, Vol. 28, 1998, pp. 737-757.

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