DoD 4160.21-H Defense Scrap Yard Handbookmetalspotidentif

Ezl DOD-HDBK-249A( SH)
.26 December 1984 SUPERSEDING DOD-HDBK-2fI 9 ( SH) 7 October 1977
MILITARY .JIANDBOOK
METALS AND ALLOYS , IDENTIFICATION (RECOMMENDED PROCEDURS TESTING AND ASSOCIATED ALLOY MRTAL PHYSICAL RAPID OF FOR CHEMICAL TESTS SPOT TO VERIFY ON-SITE
CLASSIFICATION)
(METRIC)
FSC
95GP
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DoD-HDBK-249A( 26 December
SH) 1984
DEPARTMENT NAVAL SEA
OF THE NAVY COlOIAND
SYSTEMS
Washington,
DC 20362
DOD-HDBK-249A(
SH)
Metals and Alloys, Sapid On-Site Identification Chemical Spot Testing and Associated Physical Classification) (Metric)
1. This
of (Recommended Procedure Tests to Verify Metal Alloy
for
Ikefense
2. inclusion 3. on-cite
in
standardization accordance with

publication the military
handbook established
waa approved
was developed procedure.

on 26 Dacember
by the
Department
of
This in This
1984
for
printing
and
standardization provides of metala basic and and alloys
handbook fundamental which
series. information include both on chemical the rapid spot
document
identification
testing and associated physical teste to identify lhe handbook ia not intended to be referenced in for informational purposes, nor shall it supersede 4. pertinent to: Washington, Improvement letter. Beneficial data which DC 20362 Propnsal comments may be by (DD using Form (reconnnendations, use in improving Command, self-addressed appearing at the 1426)
metal alloy classification. purchase specifications except any specification requirements. and any be addressed the Navy, or by
of
additions, deletions) this document should Department end of this of Standardization the
Commander,
Nava 1 Sea
Systeme
SEA 5523,
Document document
ii
. ,,.
DOD=3DBK-249A :26 December
( SH) 1984
FOKEWOKD
The similar procedures spectrographic testing methods purpose methods are of for or this handbook only. analytical be applicable may is of to provide and chemical coatings or by one reeults the purpoee. spot on should or testing metal. be more and These obtained special test by
identification chemical
metals procedures for
qualitative which
Quantitative
iii
DOD-HDBK-249A( 26 December
SH) 1984
.. ,. .,.,
CONTENTS
Paragraph
1. 2.
SCOPE. ---------------------------------------------------REFERENCED GENERAL Intended Testing Safety DOCUMENTS -.------.------------------
1 1
3 ---------- ---------- ------ --------- 3 3 4 4 - -------------- -------- -------- -- --------------5 6 8 8 9 15 , ,.
3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.

5.
REQUIREMENTS ------use conditions precautions
------------------------------. ----------------- ---------------------- -----
EQUIPMENT RSAGENTS TEST
---------------------------------------- - ------------------- ------------- -- ------ procedures
6.
7. 7.1 7.2 7.3
STANDARDS
PROCEDURE Step-by-step Miscellaneous
------procedures auxiliary
Ce ne ra 1 ---------------------------
FIGURSS Figure 1. 2. 3. 4. Identification Identification Identification Identification scheme scheme scheme scheme outline out Iine outline outline --------- (continued (continued (continued from from from ---------figure figure figure 1) --2)--- 1) --16 17 18 19
TABLE Table I. Significant alloy content of common steels -------------11
iv
DOD-HDBK-249A( 26 ~., 1. 1. I site for SCOPE ~i~ handbook. -~scribes metals and chemical the the equipment December
SH) 1984
and
procedures are but of
for not will metals
rapid provide and
Ona alloys.
identification of use when quantitative means 2. 2.1 of
alloys. analysis most
These is
procedures required,
intended
reliable
identifying DOCUMENTS documents.
common
categories
REFERENCED Isauee of extent
The
following
for
documents,
proposal,
.of the
form
issue
of
in
ef feet
on date
handbook
of
to
invitation
the
for
bids
or
request herein.
a part
this
specified
SPECIFICATIONS FEDERAL QQ-B-626 Brass, Leaded and Nonleaded: with Wire, Finished shapes, Edges (Bar, (Plate, Rod, Wd, shapes, Edges ( Bar Forgings, and and Wire, Sheet, Strip, Sections. . CopperFlat and qnd Flat and Flat Strip) . QQ-B-637 Brass, Products Strip) . QQ-B-639 QQ-B-750 Brass, Strip). Bronze, Wire, QQ-C-390 QQ-C-591 Copper Products Rod,
Naval: with
Forgings, Flat Bar, Sheet, Shaped Cast Bar) and Shapes,
Finished Flat
Naval: Phosphor; and Alloy
Products Bar, Plate, and ( Including Rod,
Structural Casting, Alloys:
Special
Copper-Silicon, Nickel-Silicon
Copper-Zinc-Silicon, Wire,
QQ-N-281
QQ-N-286 QQ-S-763 QQ-W-390 MILITARY MIL-S-870 MIL-S-872 MIL-S-1222 MIL-N-7786 MIL-N-8550 MIL-S-16216 MIL-T-16420
Forging$, and Flat Products (Flat Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate). Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, ~d, Plate, Sheet, Strip, Wire, Forgings, and Structural and Special Shaped sections. Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Al 10Y, Wrought. Stee 1 Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forginga, CorrosionResisting. Wire, Nicke l-Chromium-Iron Alloy.
Steel Steel Studs,
Castings, Bars, Bolts,
Molybdenum Billets, Al 10Y. Hex Cap Screws, and
Alloy. Forgings and and Carbon-
Molybdenum Nickel-Chromium Age-flardenable Nickel Steel ( HY-80 Tube, (Copper A11oY, Plate, and Operating
Wuts. Strip, 1200 to Yield and 1500 F
Alloy, Sheet Annealed. Bars Alloy, HY-1OO). 1 Alloy, Numbers 715 and Forgings, Structural, Temperatures.
High Saamless and 706). Strength
Copper-Nicke A11oY
Welded
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SH) 1984
,..
MILITARY ( cent inued ) Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms or . Surfacing. Forgings ChromiumSteel, and Slabs, Carbon and Alloy (For Reforging Before Heet Treatment) MIL-R-17131 MIL-S-1841O MIL-T-20155 MIL-T-20157 MIL-C-20159 MIL-s-22698 MIL-S-23192 MIL-T-23227 MIL-N-23228 MIL-N-23229 MIL-T-24107 MIL-N-24114 MIL-I-24137 Rods Steel Tube and Powdere, Billets, Alloy. Pipe, (ASI14 Carbon-Molybdenum A-335 -55T, Grade Alloy P-1). : Castings. Strength Bare, and and Other operations MIL-S-16974
Welding,
Mnlybdenum Seamlese
Tube and Pipe, Carbon Steel, Copper -Nicke 1 Alloy ( 70-30 Steel and Iron Tube Plate Righer and Shapee, Strength:
Seamleee. and 90-10)
Weldable ordinary Hull Strength.
Springe,
Helical,
Age-Hardenable Nickel-Chromium-Iron
Nickel-ChromiumAlloy. Sheet and and Strip,
Alloy. and Pipe,
Nicke l-Chromium-Iron Alloy Plate, Air Melted or Vacuum Remelted. Nicke Tube, 108, Rods, Iron, and l-Chromium-Iron Copper 120, ( Seamless) 122, and 142). Age-Hardenable Graphitic (Corrosion Alloy Bars (Copper
Forgings. 102, 103,
numbere
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
Al 10Y (Ductile Kasisting,
Bare, Iron)
and Forgings. Castings, Nodular Nodular Graphitic Low Magnetic Application).
Austenitic, Shipboard MIL-C-24252 MIL-B-24480 MIL-N-24492 Tungsten Bronze, service.
Permeability) and
(For Cobalt-ChromiumSeawater le Forging and
...
Cobalt-Chromium-Tungs Alloy Bars, Nickel-Aluminum
ten-Nickel Hods and Castings, lumbimm Reforging Steel istant Alloy,
Forgings. For
Ni cke l-Chromium-Iron-Co Alloy Bars, Rode, (A11oY 718). Chromium-Nickel Forginge, Hardening) .
Age-Nardenab Stock, Bars, and Sc.de,
MIL-C-24527
Al 10Y, Corrosion-Ree
(Precipitation Age Hardenable, Bars
MIL-N-24549
Nickel-Copper-Aluminum and Rods.
STANDARD FEDERAL FED-S2D-66 (Copies specific or 2.2 book effect to of specifications acquisition. as directed publications. specified invitation by Steel: Chemical standards should Composition required obtained ) form a part of this handin and Hardenability.
with activity
and functione the
be
by contractors in connection from the contracting
contracting The following
of ficer.
Other
documents
the extent on date of
herein. for bids
Onless otherwise or request for
indicated,. the issue proposal shall apply.
SH) 1984
ASTM A48 A 217 Gray Iron CastinSs, Standard Steel Parts Specification for. for Nartensitic Stainless Pressure-Containing and Alloy Steel Castings Suitable for High-Temperature for. lumbium A11oY for. A11OYS Alloy ( UNS N06625) ( UNS N06625) Pipe Wd
B 160 B 443 B 444 B 446 B 637
Service. Nickel Sod and Bar, Specification Nicke l-Chromium-Molybdenum-Co Sheet, and Strip, Nickel-Chromium-Mo and Nickel Tube,
( UNS N06625)
Plate,
Specification lybdenum-Columbium for.
Specification
-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium
and Bar, Specification Precipitation-Hardening

Forging Stock should for
for. , Nickel
High-Temperature
Alloy
Bars,
service,
Forgings,
Specification
and
for.
(Application
for
copies
be
addressed
to
ASTN,
1916
Sate
Street,
Philadelphia, (Technical
are among 3. 3.1 3.1.1 metallic This of metal weld welding, general ly technical
PA 19103. society
available groups
)
and for and technical reference using Federal association from libraries. agencies. ) apecificationa They are and alao standards distributed
GENEKAL Intended Tnis materials alloy sorting overlaya,
KBQUIRBNSNTS uae. procedure is by category claaaification of scrap, locating or lead plating, intended for or subcategory, procedure weld shielding. as a substitute determine whether procedure a metal metal. only confirm that the unknown is only which is for quantitative or not a metal use can beads when it ia i.e. , alloy be or used for overlays, desired to identification. identification and insuring identify for removal
3.1.2 ~ia chemical analyais. specification which meet may behave 3.1.3 the 3.2 3.2.1 temperatures ature (z5 +
procedure is It cannot
not intended be used to
meets
chemical specification in this
requirements. requirements aa this of
This since
valid for metals off specification
procedure
a different
reacts
Ihe same Testing
procedure of as a standard conditions. spot teats
handbook will known chemistry.
Chemical
should
be ( C) and
performed or the above test
on 7C. cauae
materials Normal variances must
that ambient in be at
are reaction the
at tempersame
below 60 degrees Celsius 5C) is best. Temperature Both the unknown
variation
time and i=tensity. temperature.
standard
DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984
3.2.2
reaction testing flashlight lighting
TO assure
the provide
accurate
best possible Unfiltered the shall be
determination
and comparisons
of
be
colors
and in each of a case, standard.
rates, situation. may conditions
lighting conditions shall daylight would be preferable. acceptable came for both light the intensity. unknown
provided The case In any teet the
loweet the
and
3.3. 3.3.1
regarding in thie
Safety .Ueera
safety, procedure.
precautione. of this procedure

and disposal
shall
comply with
with
all to the
local
regulations. involved
storage,
respect
reagents
3.3.2 precautions be observed.

when not in
Most of the reagents are acida or corrosive chemicala. Normal (ace 4.l(f)) to avoid contact with clothing, ekin, and eyee should be tightly closed Plastic containers shall be used and should
use to avoid spills. Adequata ventilation should be provided.
3.3.3 At the completion of teeting, the water followed by the use of. moist, absorbent and the work shall be dried reaction producte
3.4. sticker information: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 4. Reagent Preparation Expiration Special Signature name and the identifying Labelin&. affixed. Seagents The label should shall be include, labeled as
epecimens should clothe or paper

to prevent and have further
be rineed with to wiPe Off

chemical attack.
a hazardous the following
material
a minimum,
paragraph
number.
date. date. safety of precautions. preparer.
EQUIPMENT
4.1
l%e equipment
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Seagents Plastic &he Cleaning
to
be used
is
ae
followe:
as specified milliliters herein. (mL) capacity
and distilled dropping bottles
water 50
for paper. into
storing
reagents. materials euch aa a fine paper, Whatman No. 3 paper 2.5 and or centimeters because shades of (cm) lighting color in (l-inch) is both often alloy file or abraeive or equivalent, wide. poor and under reaction testing condiare products skin as from by glovee, cut strips
Filter
about tions
A flashlight difficult Rubber contact local safety
(f)
to judge without plaetic gloves or and Beco eye nails. case for
an adequate finger cots other safety
light source. (to protect equipment include plastic
with reagents) regulations. glasses, uncoated and stael
required
,.mended iteme ~ash bottle.
(g) (h) (i) (j)
Clean,
Small magnet. A suitable carrying standards. A stopwatch or
equipment, device.
reagents,
and
test
equivalent
timing
SH) 1984
,. --., ,,, ,...;

. . ..
5.
KEAGENTS
of
Fifty 5.1 concentrated

of 5.2 distilled Five me In shelf view
percent
nitric water. percent is 1 gram life of the
nitric
acid,
acid.
Fifty
percent
nitric
acid 1.42,
is added
one to
volume one
volume
with a specific The shelf life acid
gravity of is 6 months. solution. Five
chromotropic of is very chromotropic 8 hours. brief
percent in
chrrmotropic 20 mL distilled
acid water. NOTS : powder, distilled be
solution
acid
powder
dissolved
shelf
life
of
chromotropic in
acid
solution, with should
the
which has a 3-year shelf water, only as needed with the date of
life, shall be mixed for use within 8 hours. to avoid accidental
proper amounts The container use of
marked
preparation
deteriorated
reagent. 5.3 Silver nitrate. Silver water. from The nitrate reagent the acid. life is 1 gram of silver bottle should be solution. The is specific indefinite. Ten in percent 100 potasaium distilled ferricyanide water. l%e nitrate wrapped shelf of life the dissolved with opaque is 6 months.
in 100 mL of distilled tape to prevent sunlight 5.4 bvdrochloric 5.5 ( /-- ..., :,.: ., is The 10 grams shelf 5.6 grams life of is 5.7 of shelf life 5.8 (paper) distilled and The allow by shelf 5.9 trated acid 5.10 soaking fil:er dimethylglyoxime by dissolving hydroxide. , .:, ,. . of to glacial air dry is Concentrated acid is Ten of life Forty sodium 6 months. l%enty is p ercent sulfuric 6 months. percent. potasaium is
degrading
hydrochloric 1.18. Ihe potassium ferric
gravity
concentrated
shelf
ferricyanide. yanide dissolved
mL of
6 months. percent sodium hydroxide. .in 100 Forty mL of percent distilled sodium water. hydroxide The shelf is 40
k.;,;
hydroxide dissolved
sulfuric acid elowly
acid. added
Tventy to 80
percent mL of
sulfuric distilled
acid water.
is
20 The
mL
concentrated
Potaaaium 10 water. grams
ethyl of Eoak
xanthogenate potassium whole pieces ethyl of
(paper) filter cut .
Potassium dissolved in in the an into strips
ethyl in solution,
xanthogenate 100 mL of remove, 0.6 container.
xanthogenate paper Store
cm wide
to dry completely. 5 cm long ( l/4-inch life Ten of the paper nitric 90 mL of ia
After drying, by 2 inches) 6 months. Ten
approximately air tight
percent to
acid. distilled (paper) .
percent water.
nitric The shelf
acid life paper
is
10 is
UIL of
concen-
added
6 months. by grama of
Dimethylglyoxime paper in a in powder
Dimethylglyoxime as alcohol. follows: ethyl
is
prepared 0.4
solution 40 mL of
prepared
dissolve
5 grams of ammonium acetate Combine the two solutions and acetic acid. thoroughly. cm wide by The shelf After The 5 cm life soaking is for then paper
Prepare a second solution in 15 mL of concentrated ammonium mix well. Add this solution to 30 1 minute, cut into. remove strips the paper in an and approxiair measuring Store
mL allow
mately 0.6 container.
long (1/4-inch of the paper
by 2-inches). is 6 months.
tight
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DOD-IfDBK-249A( 26 December
SH) 1984
volume water.
5.11 of
percent Fifty concentrated shelf life percent hydroxide
sulfuric sulfuric is 6 months.
acid. acid slowly
Fifty
percent added to
sulfuric one volume
acid of
is distilled
one
The 5.12 of
grams is
Five sodium
sodium
hydroxide. in 100
Five mL of
percent distilled
sodium water.
hydroxide The
is shelf
5 life
dissolved
6 months. 5.13 Five percent diseolved sodium in 100 sulfide. mL of Five dietilled acid. acid percent water. Fifty added percent to 50 sodium The sulfide shelf life is 5 grams is. of
sodium
sulfide
6 monthe. is
hydrochloric 5.14 Fifty p ercent 50 mL of concentrated hydrochloric water. The shelf life is 6 months. 5.15 dissolved dietilled 5.16 thiocyanate 6. 6.1 required. tested shall for have Stannous chloride. in 20 mL of 50 percent water. Ammonium diseolved TEST A set thiocyanate. in 100 mL of
hydrochloric mL of dietilled
acid
S1OW1Y
Stannous
chloride acid
is
35 and
hydrochloric
grams diluted
of
etannous chloride to 100 mL with
Ammonium distilled
thiocyanate water.
is
100
grams
of
ammonium
STANDARDS of standard test shall color, cm2 examples a white specimens be tested chemical (1 square of of known chemical composition is
These standards comparison of an area of 6.25 provides Materials
concurrently with tests, and magnetic inch) or which more. can The be
the materials being Specimens teats. following for this luster. many available are as list of used procedure.
specifications 6.2 6.2.1 AISI or
standards or silvery,
Iiaving
steel-like from alloy any steel. one
metallic of the
as
Carbon or SAE grades in MIL-S-16974 Caat Ouctile 300 series 300 series 17-4 steel, 400 iron.
A specimen alloy steel. of carbon steel or low and Any FED-STD-66. of the be gray in cast
Canpositions
specified 6.2.2 ASTM A 48. 6.2.3 the
irons with
shall
be
in
accordance class series A. CSES
with
iron
shall
accordance steel QQ-S-763.
MIL-I-24137, 300
one
of
corrosion classes
resietant listed in
(CRES).
ie
any
6.2.4 stainless 6.2.5 clasaes 6.2.6
PH CRSS. type I or series CSBS. in QQ-S-763.. %opper.
17-4 PH CRBS is II of MIL-C-24527. 400 series
precipitation
hardening
17-4
PH
CRSS
is
any
one
of
the
400
series
listed
Nickel
Nickel-copper
is
class
A ( UNS N04400) is
of
QQ-N-281-. of .
6.2.7 QQ-N-286 or
Nicke l-copper-aluminum. MIL-N-24549.
Nickel-copper-aluminum
UNS N05500
DOD-HDBK-249A( 26 ,/--,>. ,.:. . .. December
Sli) 1984
6.2.8 6.2.9 6.2.9.1 (d (b) (c) (d) 6.2.9.2 (a) (b) (c) 6.2.9.3 141L-N-24492. 6.2.9.4 (d (b)
Copper~ickel. Nickel-chromium-iron. UNs N06600. Bars, , Plate, Pipe Wire rods sheet and shall tube be
Copper-nickel
is
70/30
Cu-Ni
of
MIL-T-16420.
UNS N06600 and forginge strip be shall in
is
as
follows: be be with in in accordance accordance with QQ-W-390. with with MIL-T-23227. MIL-N-23229. MIL-N-23228.
shall ehall in
and
accordance
accordance ie shall shall be in shall as
UNS N06625. Sod Plate, Pipe and and
UNS N06625 forging stock and shall strip
follows: be be in in accordance accordance with accordance ASTN with with ASTM B 446. ASTM B 443.
sheet tube
accordance be in
B 444. with ASTN B 637 or
UNS N07718.
UNS N07718
UNS N07750.. Bars, rode, MIL-S-23192 Plate, sheet
UNS N07750 and or and f~rginga MIL-N-241 strip ten
is
as shall 14.
follows: be be shall in in accordance with with MIL-N-8550, MIL-N-7786. with
shall alloy
accordance be in
~. .. ...
6.2.10 MIL-R-1 7131 Cobalt-chromium-tunge or MIL-C-24252. ten-nickel alloy shall be in accordance with accordance
6.2.11 MI L-C-24252. 6.2.12 6.2.13 leaat 70
Cobalt-chromium-tungs
Nickel. Titanium. percent
Nickel
200
shall shall
be be
in pure
accordance titanium
with or
ASTM B 160. alloy of at
Titanium
any
titanium. shall be pure aluminum or any alloy of at
leaat
6.2.14 Aluminum. Aluminum 70 percent aluminum. 6.2.15 Magnesium.. percent Zinc. magnesium. Zinc shall be Negneaium
shall
be
pure
magnesium
or
any
alloy
of
at
least
70 6.2.16
pure
zinc
or
any
alloy
of
at
least
70
percent
zinc. 6.3 color. Meteriala having reddish, red-brown, dark yellow, or light yellow
,,. . ..,,,
\:...
6.3.1
Pure
copper.
Copper
tubing
shall
be
in
accordance
with
MIL-T-24107.
SH) 1984
. .
6.3.2 (a) (b) 6.3.3
Cbpper-ickel.
Copper-nickel
is
as
follows:
~pe II, 90/10 Cu-Ni shall be in accordance with MIL-C-20159. 90/ 10 Cu-Ni tubing shall be in accordance with MIL-T-16420. bronze. Aluminum alloy bronze are as bronze is aa follows:
Aluminum (a) (b)
Aluminum bronze, Nickel-aluminum Braaaes. Braaaea
952 shall be in accordance with QQ-C-390. shall be in accordance with MIL-B-24480. follows:
6.3.4 (a) (b) (c)
Leaded brass, composition 360 shall be in accordance with QQ-B-626. mval brasa, alloy 464 shall be in accordance with QQ-B-639.. High-p trength yellOw braes (manganeae brOnze), allOYs 864 and 865 shall be in accordance with QQ-C-390. Other bronzes. Other bronzes are aa follows:
6.3.5 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

7.
Silicon bronze, alloy 655 sliall be in accordance with QQ-C-591. Valve bronze ( !4), alloy 922 shall be in accordance with QQ-C-390.. Gun bronze (G) , alloy 903 shall be in accordance with QQ-C-390. Phosphor bronze, composition A shall be in accordance with QQ-B-750. Manganese bronze, alloy 863 shall be in accordance with QQ-C-390. be in accordance with QQ-C-390. Manganese bronze, alloy 861 shall
PROCEDURS
7.1
General.
7.1.1 lhis handbook providea a procedure for metal alloy identification or claaaification of an unknown metallic material into the categories or subcategories of section 6. he further separation of metala and alloya within the groups ia as specific as poaaible within practical limits, i.e. , a reasonable number of chemicala and no complex apparatus. 7.1.2 The following are examplee of use of this procedure:
scrap used with in the yard, to tentatively. the unknown
foundry, identify and
7.1.2.1 If the sample is completely unknown, such as or forge shop, then the entire procedure shall be the unknown. The procedure should then be repeated standard If the for comparison. ia expected the the of or suspected to be
a known 7.1.2.2
unknovn
some
specific
materia 1, then and run through 7.1.2.3 either reaction of
a known standard the procedure III the typical
of with example, steel, percent stainless
desired unknown submarine
material shall be acquisitioned for positive identification. air flack heads, which can be
UNS N04400 or stainless of the unknown to 50 alloy and a
all that ia nitric acid steel.
required with that
is to compare the of known standards
nickel-copper
DOD-HDBK-249A( 26 ,,---.:,,:, ,, ..... , will December
SH) 1984
7.1.2.4 eliminate possibilities.
In
many
other
cases,
the
form,
shape,
or
usage
of
the
unknown three materials.
many Tne
possible unknown
metals and can then be
thus narrow the search compared with standards
to two or of these
7.1.3 difficult
reagents so In for that less
The procedure specified herein has been developed with the most The technique of applying field (or shipboard) condition in mind.
and observing can the on the with his as Although to as spot Test and is be situations same metal known reagents surface standards. is for not intended example, for Ni-Cu alloy set should forth not be use weld on weld metals. will provide Such the use can same reactions done even in in on which and rather filter vertical a flat, in reactions than paper is presented or but surface can paper, be wherever piping is available in in observed always feasible systems. surfaces horizontal prevail the filter overhead
testing rigorous
testing,
droplets comparison 7. 1.4 provide color
handbook results,
erroneous reaction 7.1.5
metal
nickel-copper-aluminum the tests, procedures they
provides. in test this which handbook with utilizes the are Arid commonly Spot
referred Absorption analysis 7.1.6 ,, -.,, .. ::,, herein, be used
confused
(ASAT), a more not covered by
quantitative this handbook. the 4)
spectrographic
flow only
To facilitate charts (figures with the aid
visualizing 1. through of the
spot are
test procedures package necessarily abbreviated procedures as specified
presented and shall in 7.2.
step-by-step
,...,, ; ,f
.7.2
Step-by-step
procedures. the metal or file to metallic or otherwise
Prior to testing, clean a spot of at least 6.25 cm2 on 7.2.1 surface with a decreasing solvent, abrasive wheel, abrasive cloth, remove dirt, greaae, corrosion products, oxide or temper films, or When testing for coating identity, do not use abrasivea coatings. remove coating prior to testing.
7.2.2 Examine the clean surface and classify on the basis of color two groups, the first group having white or silvery, steel-like metallic luster and the second group having reddish, red-brown, dark yellow, or yellow color. Figures 7.2.3 the unknown materials steel-like metallic sequentially on this
7.2.3.1 screening tests. saparate
into light
1,
2, and 3 comprise a schematic flow chart for identifying that are color identified as having white or ailvery, luster. The following procedures shall be performed group of metals aa specified by the flow charts.
aluminum, magnesium, or zinc alloys by the following
7.2.3.1.1
abraded Aluminum .; ~.~..<, heavy aa
These
metals
are
always
nonmagnetic
surface therefore
and extremely
is dull light, gray while
soft
when as
or filed; and and magnesium common steels.
the normal air-oxidized are low density and,
or white. zinc is
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SH)
1984 . .. . ..
7.2.3.1.2 goes (see a vigorous 5.6) 7.2.3. is 1.3
Aluminum, white applied to
exclusive when spot. zinc a clean and
of
all
other o f 40
white percent
or
silvery sodium
metals, hydroxide
underreagent
reaction
a drop
Fiagnesitun
can
be
screened reagent spot on two (see than metala 5.11) 15
from (see the
other 5.3) metal be to
white on a when separated spot. the
or
silvery
metals by placing a drop lhe drop will turn black product a drop of is absorbed in
of silver and leave filter paper. acid
nitrate a black The reagent less
clean spot. reactant by spot applying Tne spot zinc
can
50
percent becomes gray in After
sulfuric chalky about eliminating
a clean and
on magnesium s lowly turns. 7.2.3.2 aPPIY paper,
white in 1 minute. the nitric for at
seconds
on
possibility acid least the
of
the
white
metals strip
as
above, of filter
two drops press on 7.2.3 17-4
of 50 percent a clean spot
reagent (see 5 .1) to a 2 minutes, and remove. filter alloy, paper indicates
CKSS, cobalt
No visible color on .2.1 PH CHES, nickel-chromium-iron ungsten-nicke A vigorous. indicates An paper 1 alloy,
300/400
series alloy,
chromium-tungsten-cobalt
-chromium-t 7.2.3.2.2 or black 7.2.3 .2.3
or
titanium. paper iron. coloration .. . on alloy, indicates add one to the indicates the or filter pure paper nickel. alloy, filter to or
brown
reaction which turns both metal and filter plain carbon steel, low alloy steel, or cast reaction copper-nickel and a green and a bluish-green 70/30. coloration (turquoise)
immediate. indicates
on
the
filter 7.2.3.2.4
A slower
reaction alloy,
indicates
nickel-copper the
nickel-copper-aluminum of 7.2.3 .2.4 pure nickel, (see 5.2) coloration
7.2.3.3. If nickel-copper-aluminum chromotropic paper. alloy. greater An acid
green color alloy, or reagent to scarlet red
nickel-copper drop of 5 percent spot on the
solution
green
immediate
nickel-copper-aluminum ie equal paper.
The red color in absorbency
is most visible when the than Whatman No. 3--double
filter paper thickness
7.2.3.4 drops of 50 hydrochloric If, plated nail after on the indicates
Nickel-copper percent nitric acid reagent a clean nail, pure Ihe or that
alloy and nickel can be separated by applying two acid reagent (see 5.1) and one drop of concentrated (see 5.4) cm a clean spot and reacting for 1 minute. steel nail alloy in the is reactants present. for Absence 1 minute, of copper copper on is the
rubbing
riickel-copper nickel. carbon black steels, reaction tubing,
vigorous and
7.2.3.5 brown (bars,
alloy steels, of 7.2.3 .2.2 and forgings) of
and cast encompass with an uriknown iron the
irons identified by so many specifications overlapping is not If it family surface. iron. are chemical possible. relatively is necessary of steels, The drop simple
the
forms
cast tests limited iron,
inga, for or
compositions However, spot and provide a identify one will cast drop of remain
positive
identification
nickel, basis for to otherwise
molybdenum and cast further classification. separate it from
to add
silver clear
nitrate on steels
reagent (see 5.3) to the metal and turn black or gray on cast
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SH) 1984
,<,-.,, ,,, ,.,

!
7.2.3.5.1 Test nitric acid solution (see 5.14) on a clean

four drops of the of .5.2 a red strip color stannous thiocyanate color in intensity 7.2.3 nitric inserting Pink to ability higher acid reagent
for molybdenum in reagent (see 5.1)

Absorb the spot. chloride reagent (see 5. 16) on the
steels by dropping one drop and 50 percent hydrochloric

reactant (see filter 5.15). paper percent, to by spot, product on A drop will filter or two
of 50 percent acid reagent

paper and add of ammonium Or red The
develOp
a pink molybdenum. content. of 10 into of to
presence of approximately 0.2 color development is proportional Test of on for (see nickel 5.9) on in steels
or greater the molybdenum one for (see lower drop
dropping reacting
percent and the drOp. detectred at
reagent
a clean
1 minute, 5.10) limit
dimethylglyoxime the paper indicates nickel and the
(paper) reagent The nickel. pink color is
is 0.05 percent nickel contents. 7.2.3.5.3 lhe have for nickel content Two above nickel or in
intensified
tests and if
are
not
sufficiently contents or is steels are found. are specified less
sensitive than The 0.15 limits shipboard
to
identify but require nickel and and
alloys are stee 1s
which useful with
molybdenum receipt and shipboard none
percent, of
rejection
inspection
verification
molybdenum typical of proven
molybdenum guidance. 7.2.3.5.3.2.
specified
in
in
7.2.3
table
.5.3.1
I fOr
examples
utility
TABLE
I.
Significant
alloy
content
of
common
steels.
Alloy
and
specification
Alloy percent Ni
content ; minlmax Ma
Carbon (1) (2) (3) Alloy C-tie (1) (2) (3) (4). (5)
steels AISI Grade Tube steels steels Tube and pipe of MIL-T-20155 .25 .25 --- 1030 and of pipe MIL-S-16974 of of MIL-S-22698 MIL-T-20157
D plate
-------
----1.25 ntax
--max max
.441 .40/.60
.65
Bar or Castings Grade
forgings of MIL-S-872 of MIL-S-870 4 nuts of Gr. MIL-S-1222 WC1 castings
.40/.60 .20 min .45/ .65
ASTM A 217,
< ... ..
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TABLE
I.
Significant
alloy
content
of
common steels.
- Continued
Alloy
and
specification
Alioy percent; Ni
content minlmax Ma
Cr-MO (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Ni-Cr-Mo (1) (2) (3) (4)
steels 1-1/2 2-1/2 AISI B-14 B-16 Cr-1/2 Cr-1 4140 bar bar of and and MO of MO of studs studs Gr. Gr. MIL-s-1841O --. --- MIL-S-1222 MIL-S-1222 --- ----.45/ .65
MIL-S-1841O of of
MIL-S-16974
.90/1 .10 .15/.25 .28/.42 .42/.68 .45/.65 .90/1 .20
I
7.2.3 indicates steels of red color
7.2.3
ASTM A 217, ASTM A 217, steels kISI AISI Grade Grade 4340 8630 of of
WC6 castings WC9 castings
MIL-S-16974 MIL-S-16974 of MIL-S-16216 of MIL-S-16216
L.65/2.00 .40/ .70 2.00/3.25 2.25/3.50
.20/ .15/ .20/ .20/.60
.30 .25 .60
HY-80 plate HY-1OO plate
In steel pipe or tube materials, absence of molybdenum .5.3.1 carbon stee 1. Carbon -olybdenum steel and the chromium-molybdenum MIL-S-1841O are distinguishable by comparison of the intensity of with known standards.
.5.3.2 spot Submarine nlate Absence of lack series of alloy, reaction CRSS, 17-4 cobalt steels Ni and to of HY-80 or HY-1OO shall have positive Mo may indicate grade D of MILLS-22698. 50 percent nitric acid reagent alloy, (see alloy,, or fully CRES or 5.1)
MO and
Ni
tests. If
7.2.3.6 indicates 300
the 400
or
PH CRES,
nickel-chromium-iron If the sample is either 400 series
chromium-tungsten-cobalt titanium alloys, ferromagnetic, 17-4 CRES PH CRES. standard
-chromium-tungsten-nickel of the standard, sample. it is
check the in comparison Samples will be alloy, with
magnetism with a less
300
series
than the full ferromagnetism CRES, nickel-chromium-iron alloy,
of a 400 series allOY, chromiumor titanium alloys.
tungsten-cobalt
cobalt
-chromium-tungsten-nickel
5.4) and
7.2.3 .6.1 Apply two drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid reagent (see to a strip of filter paper, apply to a clean spot, react for 30 seconds, remove. Then apply one drop of 10 percent potassium ferric yanide reagent A yellow ring with a green paper. CRES and a plain yellow ring indicates cobalt -rhromium-tungs ten-nickel then be placed back onto the center the same ,,:. : then removed. If nickel-chromium-iron a purplish-black residue or is indicated. with a
(see 5.5) onto the reactants on the filter or blue-green center indicates 300 series nickel-chromium-iron, chromium-tungsten-cobalt, alloy, spot spot If on on the or the the residual titanium. metal, metal The yellow spot shall and over, held for 2 minutes, is bluish-green all spot on the metal
contains
12
SH) 1984
bluish-green spot is gray tungsten-nickel alloy is
fringe, or black alloy
chromium-tungsten-cobalt in ie the center indicated.
alloy
is
indicated. fringe, on the
If
the
residual
with a bluish-green If no spot remains
cobalt-chromiummetal, a titanium
indicated.
If it is desired to separate the various 7.2.3.6.2 alloys specified in 6.2.9, place two drops of 50 percent and one drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid (see 5.1)
a clean of green spot, react for 3 or. on known etandards. 4 minutes, and compare with
nickel-chromium-iron nitric acid reagent

reagent (see the distinctive 5.4) On shades
7.2.3.6.3 17-4
(see clean these indicate PH can 5.1) epot d.. be
After
separated
the
of for
identification
by applying twn concentrated 1 minute. copper ie
of
an unknnwn
nf 50 acid rubbing on the
as 400
series
nitric (ace steel
or
acid
17-4
PH,
drops
percent
reagents on a in
and one drop and reacting for
hydrochloric If, after plated
reagent a clean 17-4
5.4) nail is
reactanta
1 minute,
nail,
PH CRSS
7.2.3.7 identification 7.2.3 400 aeriee .7.1
A magnet schame. Carbon are
ia
a very
ueeful
tool
for
confirming
the
chemical
steels,
low-alloy strongly
steels,
nickel,
17-4
PH CHES,
and
CSES
always
magnetic. nickel-copper-aluminum, -chromium-tungs ten-nicke nickel-chromium1, and titanium
irom, alloys
7.2.3 .7.2 70/30 copper-nickel, chromium-tungsten-cnbalt, are 7.2.3 alwaye .7.3 lhe nonmagnetic.. other metals
cobalt
in
this
group
exhibit
magnetic
variancee
aa
followe: 7.2.3 .7.3.1 Molybdenum-bearing nonmagnetic, or cnld-worked l%e other but can 300 eeries CSES euch aa 316, 316L, 317, m
and 319 are usually either the annealed 7.2.3 .7.3.2 annealed condition, after cold 7.2.3 strongly working. .7.3.3 magnetic. In follows: always a lwaya usually as
but
can sometmes condition.
be
strongly
magnetic
300 aeriaa CRES range to strongly
claeses are magnetic,
nonmagnetic in if not annealed
the
Nickel-copper
alloy
is
usually
nonmagnetic,
but
can
range
to
7.2.3.7.4 specified as
figures
1 through
4,
these
magnetic
characteriatica
are
SM NM nm -
strongly
magnet
ic but subject to variances
nonmagnetic nonmagnetic, above reaaon, the
specified for any
:
(,,,:
,,
not ful,
7.2.3.8 agree, submit
If,
chemical chemical chemical
reaction reactions analysis.
and
magnetic or magnetism
response are
do dnubt -
or interpretations the unknown to
of either quantitative
13
7.2.4 the unknown color. the yellow following
Figures materiale flow By
1 and that charts. comparison
4 coneist of reddieh, have procedures
schematic red-brown, are to be
flow chart for dark yellow, performed
identifying or light by
Lhe following
sequentially
7.2.4.1 eeparate the copper alloys. 7.2.4.2 silver bronze. or in gray 6.3.2 nitrate development
with
a known pure copper
standard from
of the
pure dark
copper, yellow
vieually or light yellow
reddish,
red-brown
For of A rapid a
classifying (eea coloration reaction to 15 bronzes 3 gray black in
the 5.3)
balance tO in a clean indicatee 2 secoods indicatee in can
of
thesa sPOt.
materials, No reaction bronze indicates copper-nickal or
apply or the
one
drop
of
reagent
e low
aluminum or the 6.3.5. be less
nickel-aluminum A black brase. alloys specified
reaction or the
seconds specified bronze eilver eurface
other
7.2.4.2.1 Apply one drop for 30 seconds, turquoise indicates can be
Nickel-aluminum of 50 either percent. ae a
separated
from (see 5.1) paper. or of in
aluminum
bronze. spot of reaction bronze
nitrate drop or
reagent in filter
to a clean A reaction dirty 7.2.3.5.2. in as 7.2.4.2 follows. lhe .3.1 green
color indicatee nickel-aluminum confirmed by
aluminum bronze. the
A gray bronze. The identification nickel within test tha
-grean
nickel-aluminum
conducting separation
specified identified in figure
be
7.2.4.2.2 made using 7.2.4.3
Further the Apply of magnetic
groups 4. and of in
can
responses to confirm of metals
specified the are
magnet this
classification as specified
metals. 7.2.4
magnetic
.,.,
characteristic 7.2.4.3.4. 7.2.4.3.1 (b) ) are 7.2.4.3.2 copper-nickel of about 1.50
group
through
and
Fure copper (eee always nonmagnetic. 90/10 (see percent. The bronzee copper-nickel can
6.3.1),
leaded
and
naval
braases
(see
6.3.4(a)
tubing be faintly
is
nonmagnetic as a
but result
the
caat of iron
90/10 content
6.3.2(a))
magnetic
the
7.2.4.3.3 manganeee
aluminum bronze (see 6.3.4(c) due to iron
and nickel-aluminum bronza (see 6.3.5(f), and 6.3.5(g)) exhibit of about 2.0 in ae percent 6.3.5 are bronze, minimum. alwaye are
6.3.3) faint
and tO
moderate 7.2..4 NOTE : de-alloying
magnetism .3.4 of type
content alloys alloys in
The. remaining, the of copper-baae corrosion
specified such
nonmagnetic. subject to a
Some
aluminum
seawater
service.
not normally react react strongly if unknown materials with but caution. can be Tha detected
to the application they have suffered are suspected of da-alloyed by the
of silver de-alloying this condition,
Copper-base nitrate reagent corrosion in spot testing
alloys (see service. ehall
that do 5.3) may When be used
---
condition eddy-current
is not readily determined visually, type of nondestructive testing.
... ,.
14
DOD-HDBK-249A(
SH) 1984
,<.-., ... ,..:

the the 7.2.5 unknown tentative After shall and ly
26
December
tentative lY identifying be c leaned again and ehall be identified meteria 1.
the
the unknown observations and compared
by of
the preceding procedures, color, chemical a known standard of
raactione,
magnetiam
repeated
to
7.3 7.3.1 infeasible.

tests in siver the shall joints, nitrate sil-braze 7.3.2 easantial
Miscellaneous
auxiliary
procedures. of silver brazing alloya is
Spot testing for Whare possible,

be this secured. shall raagent deposit. be (see If
identification
suitable etching
samples to permit analytical chemistry is done to detect residual sil-braze metal by Instant is swabbing black required. stainless steel ramoved prior to piping welding systems, of the it the coloration joint with will 50 occur percent only on
accomplished 5.1). No standard
is
In the repair that the lead
of lead-ehielded ba completely
stainlesa steel. To check for complete by 5 percent sodium hydroxide reagent hold there for sodium sulfide paper turna rotating, a 7.3.3 faateners, If of the metal tioned cadmium adequate a rapid hold If ia occurs, acid. metal 1 minute.. Ihen remove reagent (see 5.13) on A standard in a lathe
laad remova 1, wrap filter ( see 5. 12) around the wald the paper the filter test prasa or and place dropa paper. Lead is be manufactured smearing lead on acid the items reagent
paper wetted prep area and of 5 percent if the by surface. present locally onto its
brown. CKSS bar
for this or drill tin, percent the nail in occurs
shall and
{,:. .:. I
\..;.
To separate cadmium, apply one drop of 50 reaction a clean rapid cadmium. Faatenars up locally takea gas place, uncoated evolution If
zinc coatings hydrochloric is the zinc. interface with
such as (see 5.14)
coating contact at
If no surface of
obvious reaction beneath the drop the nail and acid,
is tin. or made
no obvious coated with for use aa
gas evolution cadmium, tin, standards for are
of this nature occurs, the and zinc shall be acquisi this test. Caution: Positive time and ensure
identification ventilation
avolvea toxic gaaea. when cadmium coatinge
Minimize testing suspected.
Preparing Navy (Project SH
activity: 95 GP-NO07)
,.. :
$,.
,.,
<4.. ..,
15
DOD-EDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984
~
u h.
In
.,. .
16
DOD-BDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984
,...- . . ,/, . .
Q..)
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DOD-8DBK-249A( SE) 26 December 1984
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,.<;,. ::. . . ... .. .,,.
Source: http://www.assistdocs.com -- Downloaded: 2008-05-06T21:12Z Checkus. G0VKRNM6.NT .mINT, MGis the current s-s. s-03. /2.. s. * the source to verify that this OFFICE: ,9. version before use.
19
WANDARDIZATION
DOCUMENT
IMPROVEMENT
PROPOSAL
(.% Insnudms 00CUWENTNUUOER

DOD-HDBK-249A(SH) 12. 00CUMCN7TITLE
- Rewrs? SkIt)
I . MAME OF SU6W1T?lNOoROAN1ZATION
TYPE OF ORGANIZATION WA
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MA,ACTRS OTHER (xrw,
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Ezl DOD-HDBK-249A( SH)

.26 December 1984 SUPERSEDING DOD-HDBK-2fI 9 ( SH) 7 October 1977

DEPARTMENT NAVAL SEA

OF THE NAVY COlOIAND

of (Recommended Procedure Tests to Verify Metal Alloy

standardization accordance with

was developed procedure.

standardization provides of metala basic and and alloys

handbook fundamental which

series. information include both on chemical the rapid spot

DOD=3DBK-249A :26 December

metals procedures for

SCOPE. ---------------------------------------------------REFERENCED GENERAL Intended Testing Safety DOCUMENTS -.------.------------------

3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.

REQUIREMENTS ------use conditions precautions

------------------------------. ----------------- ---------------------- -----

EQUIPMENT RSAGENTS TEST

---------------------------------------- - ------------------- ------------- -- ------ procedures

PROCEDURE Step-by-step Miscellaneous

TABLE Table I. Significant alloy content of common steels -------------11

procedures are but of

for not will metals

rapid provide and

identification of use when quantitative means 2. 2.1 of

alloys. analysis most

identifying DOCUMENTS documents.

REFERENCED Isauee of extent

Forgings, Flat Bar, Sheet, Shaped Cast Bar) and Shapes,

Naval: Phosphor; and Alloy

Products Bar, Plate, and ( Including Rod,

Structural Casting, Alloys:

Steel Steel Studs,

Castings, Bars, Bolts,

Molybdenum Billets, Al 10Y. Hex Cap Screws, and

Alloy. Forgings and and Carbon-

Wuts. Strip, 1200 to Yield and 1500 F

High Saamless and 706). Strength

Seamleee. and 90-10)

Weldable ordinary Hull Strength.

Nickel-ChromiumAlloy. Sheet and and Strip,

Alloy. and Pipe,

Forgings. 102, 103,

Al 10Y (Ductile Kasisting,

and Forgings. Castings, Nodular Nodular Graphitic Low Magnetic Application).

Austenitic, Shipboard MIL-C-24252 MIL-B-24480 MIL-N-24492 Tungsten Bronze, service.

(For Cobalt-ChromiumSeawater le Forging and

Cobalt-Chromium-Tungs Alloy Bars, Nickel-Aluminum

ten-Nickel Hods and Castings, lumbimm Reforging Steel istant Alloy,

Age-Nardenab Stock, Bars, and Sc.de,

(Precipitation Age Hardenable, Bars

Nickel-Copper-Aluminum and Rods.

and functione the

by contractors in connection from the contracting

contracting The following

the extent on date of

herein. for bids

Onless otherwise or request for

indicated,. the issue proposal shall apply.

B 160 B 443 B 444 B 446 B 637

Specification lybdenum-Columbium for.

and Bar, Specification Precipitation-Hardening

GENEKAL Intended Tnis materials alloy sorting overlaya,

not intended be used to