Strategies to Alleviate Uneven Development

International Cooperation World Bank Asian Development Bank May take place through provision of aid or help through financial or technical assistance. International agreements (More than 5 years-long-term plans, less than 5 yearsshort-term plans) International Organisations-World Bank Made up of countries committed to provide aid to reduce poverty in the world Established in 1944 Provides aid in the form of money or technology to LDCs for them to develop socially and economically Consists of 185 member countries as of 2007 Provides loans to LDCs at no or low interest Loans can be used to improve level of development, through projects to improve sanitation and water supply or to finance vaccination and immunization programmes. Successful outcomes: Kecamantan Development Programme: Started off providing aid to 25 villages in 1998, has recently benefited more than 34000 villages in Indonesia; over US$890 million in funds has been supplied to KDP in a combination of loans and credits. Thus, their health and economic conditions improved with the help of the World Bank. Indonesias Sleepy Tirtomoyo village experiences a severe lack of water. Sleepy Tirtomoyo used the money from the World Bank to dig an underground well with rented machines and installed pumps, allowing the village to have clean water supply and also increase cultivation productivity. This has helped to increase Sleepy Tirtomoyos health and economic conditions. Improving private sector development, competitiveness and governance: In Middle East and North Africa, the region faces the challenge of dealing with social difficulties brought on by globalization and challenge of greater competitiveness. The World Bank provided Tunisia with a $250 million loan to increase integration into global markets. In Morocco, the Bank is supporting work that is strengthening the good governance adgenda while creating an enabling environment for stability and sustained growth, Doing business in Morocco has become easier. At the end of 2008, two-thirds of the regions economies had introduced an impressive total of 27 reforms and Egypt was among the top 10 global reformers. Tanzania Health Sector Development Program: Implemented on 15 June 2000. $654 million spent to improve health services in Tanzania, including improving malaria treatment and HIV/AIDS testing. In 2000, under 5 mortality rate was 150 per 1000 live births. In 2005, the under 5 mortality

rate was 120 per 1000 live births. The health conditions in Tanzania improved significantly. Unsuccessful Outcomes: Chad Cameroon Oil and Pipeline Project (Chad, Africa): $4.2 billion was donated by the World Bank on the condition that money donated was to be used for the development of Chad. Instead, due to poor leadership, development funds was used to support rebel groups in Darfur to purchase weapons rather than to support health, education and rural development projects. Even though there wqas an increase in oil prices throughout the years (2004-$4.42, 2005-$5.88, 2006-$6.31) the GDP growth sharply decreased to 7.5% in 2005 to 0% in 2006. Originally, there was more than 30% in GDP growth in 2004 when Chad started producing oil. Funds generated from the sale of oil did not contribute to the overall development of Chad. HIV/AIDS Program in Ghana from 2000 to 2005: $26.6 million was spent. Due to weak monitoring, infrastructure, poor implementation and overly complex programs, there was unsatisfactory results. The program t=did not target people at risk of contracting HIV. There were difficulties in coordinating collaboration with donors, non-profit groups and government agencies. In 1999, 126000 orphans had either or both parents die due to AIDS. In 2000, 200000 orphans had either or both their parents die due to AIDS. The increased number of orphans suggest that more people are dying from AIDS thus the decreased health conditions. International Organisations-Asian Development Bank Founded in 1966 Aims to reduce poverty in Asia Pacific Regions Provides loans and equity investments