MEANING OF INTERNET The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol

Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet can also be defined as a worldwide interconnection of computers and computer networks that facilitate the sharing or exchange of information among users. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.

Computer network types by area

    

Body (BAN) Personal (PAN) Near-me (NAN) Storage (SAN) Local (LAN)

      

Home (HAN)

Campus (CAN) Metropolitan (MAN) Wide (WAN) Global (GAN) Internet Interplanetary Internet

WORD PROCESSING
Using a computer to create, edit, and print documents. Of all computer applications, word processing is the most common. To perform word processing, you need a computer, a special program called a word processor, and a printer. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by enteringcommands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer. The great advantage of word processing over using a typewriter is that you can make changes without retyping the entire document. If you make a typing mistake, you simply back up the cursor and correct your mistake. If you want todelete a paragraph, you simply remove it, without leaving a trace. It is equally easy to insert a word, sentence, or paragraph in the middle of a document. Word processors also make it easy to move sections of text from one place to another within a document, or between documents. When you have made all the changes you want, you can send the file to a printer to get a hardcopy.

yinsert text: Allows you to insert text anywhere in the document. ydelete text: Allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or pagesas easily as you can cross them out on paper. ycut and paste : Allows you to remove (cut) a section of text from one place in a document and insert (paste) it somewhere else. ycopy : Allows you to duplicate a section of text. ypage size and margins : Allows you to define various page sizes and margins, and the word processor will automatically readjust the text so that it fits. ysearch and replace : Allows you to direct the word processor to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the word processor to replace one group of characters with another everywhere that the first group appears. yword wrap : The word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will readjust text if you change the margins. yprint: Allows you to send a document to a printer to get hardcopy. Word processors that support only these features (and maybe a few others) are called text editors. Most word processors, however, support additional features that enable you to manipulate and format documents in more sophisticated ways. These more advanced word processors are sometimes called full-featured word processors. Fullfeatured word processors usually support the following features: yfile management : Many word processors contain file management capabilities that allow you to create, delete, move, and search for files. yfont specifications: Allows you to change fonts within a document. For example, you can specify bold, italics, and underlining. Most word processors also let you change the font size and even the typeface. yfootnotes and cross-references: Automates the numbering and placement of footnotes and enables you to easily cross-reference other sections of the document. ygraphics graphics: Allows you to embed illustrations and graphs into a document. Some word processors let you create the illustrations within the word processor; others let you insert an illustration produced by a different program. yheaders , footers , and page numbering: Allows you to specify customized headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page. ylayout : Allows you to specify different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs. ymacros : A macro is a character or word that represents a series ofkeystrokes. The keystrokes can represent text or commands. The ability to define macros allows you to save yourself a lot of time by replacing common combinations of keystrokes. ymerges: Allows you to merge text from one file into another file. This is particularly useful for generating many files that have the same format but different data. Generating mailing labels is the classic example of using merges. yspell checker : A utility that allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words that it does not recognize. ytables of contents and indexes: Allows you to automatically create a table of contents and index based on special codes that you insert in the document. ythesaurus: A built-in thesaurus that allows you to search for synonyms without leaving the word processor.

ywindows : Allows you to edit two or more documents at the same time. Each document appears in a separate window. This is particularly valuable when working on a large project that consists of several different files. yWYSIWYG (what you see is what you get): With WYSIWYG, a document appears on the display screen exactly as it will look when printed.

SPREAD SHEET
A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper accounting worksheet. It displays multiple cells usually in a two-dimensional matrix or grid consisting of rows and columns. Each cell contains alphanumeric text, numeric values or formulas. A formula defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated from the contents of any other cell (or combination of cells) each time any cell is updated. Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically after a change to a single cell is made. A pseudo third dimension to the matrix is sometimes applied as another layer, or layers/sheets, of two-dimensional data. Visicalc is the first electronic spreadsheet on a microcomputer, and it helped turn the Apple II computer into a success and greatly assisted in their widespread application. Lotus 1-2-3 was the leading spreadsheet when DOS was the dominant operating system. Excel now has the largest market share on the Windows and Macintosh platforms.

PRESENTATION
There are three basic purposes for giving oral presentations: 1. To Inform 2. To Persuade 3. To Build Goodwill DEFINITION       The process of offering for consideration or display A social introduction, as of a person at court A demonstration, lecture, or welcoming speech A manner or style of speaking, instructing, or putting oneself forward The manner of presenting, esp the organization of visual details to create an overall impression The formal introduction of a person, as into society or at court; debut

TYPES

Informative Presentations - Include talks, seminars, proposals, workshops, conferences, and meetings where the presenter or presenters share their expertise, and information is exchanged.

 

Persuasive Presentations - Sometimes called transactional, are often motivational. Persuasive Presentations are designed and delivered to come out with a specific goal in mind. Goodwill Presentations - Goodwill presentations, which often take the form of after dinner speeches, are often designed to be entertaining-for example by sharing video highlights of a football season or anecdotes from a presidents term. Multipurpose Presentations - Presentations usually have more than one purpose. A presentation to employees may be announced as an informative session on new regulations but in reality may also be an all-out effort to persuade workers to buy into the new rules. Sales - Sales techniques are complex and require two essential items for success in sales presentations which are knowing and understanding your audience, and building rapport.(refer to Know Your Audience) Political- Presentations in the political arena are primarily grouped in the persuasive category. To be effective they must include lots of information and also build goodwill. Motivational Presentations- Motivation is another form of persuasion, but one that somehow takes on a more fervent, highly charged tone. Interviews- a Job Interview is yet another presentation form, one where the presenter should make an effort to identify his or her immediate audience, but also take great pains to know as much as possible about the larger audience.

  

HYPERTEXT MARKUP (HTML)

HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags, enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags normally come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags andclosing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, tables, images, etc.. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visual or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML webpages. Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, encourages the [1] use of CSS over explicitly presentational HTML markup.