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Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called __________ immunity. Answer active natural passive passive auto innate
The first heart sound is heard when the Answer AV valves open AV valves close semilunar valves close atria contract blood enters the aorta
Blood returning from the systemic circuit first enters the Answer right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle conus arteriosus
1.
The largest collection of lymphatic tissue in the adult body is located in the Answer liver thymus tonsils spleen lymph nodes 1 During increased exercise Answer vasoconstriction occurs at the active skeletal muscles venous return increases both cardiac output and stroke volume decrease a and c only all of the above
__________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. Answer Tonsils Peyer's patches
Blood leaving the right ventricle enters the Answer pulmonary veins pulmonary trunk aorta inferior vena cava superior vena cava
During the isovolumetric phase of ventricular systole, the Answer atria are contracting and the ventricles are relaxing atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves are closed blood is ejected into the great vessels b and c only all of the above 1 points
Elderly individuals usually have Answer elevated hermatocrits stiff inelastic arteries decreased blood pressure increased venous return all of the above
Immunoglobulins that are single molecules and are mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are Answer
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the Answer internal jugular vein external jugular vein superior vena cava inferior vena cava coronary sinus 1.
Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions are Answer IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM
The cusps of atrioventricular valves are attached to papillary muscles by the Answer pectinate muscles trabeculae carneae chordae tendineae interatrial septa coronary sulci
a congenital lack of lymph nodes a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes a condition characterized by large accumulations of lymphatic fluid in the tissue space the lack of lymphocytes in peripheral circulation diseases of the immune system characterized by increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes 1.
The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the Answer arteries arterioles veins venules capillaries 1.
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the _____ pressure. Answer critical closing mean arterial pulse blood circulatory 1.
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are __________ cells. Answer NK plasma helper T
Question 20
Question 20 1.
The cells that are actively involved in 'immunological surveillance' are the __________ cells. Answer NK plasma B helper T suppressor T
The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are Answer IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the __________ arteries. Answer common carotid common iliac femoral tibial popliteal
Question 23
Question 23 1.
Suppressor T cells act to Answer suppress antigens limit the degree of memory in memory T cells limit antigen proliferation depress the responses of other T cells and B cells produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity
Microphages include Answer microglia Kuppfer's cells neutrophils Langerhans cells monocytes
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are Answer IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM
the transport of hormones the production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes the production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins both c and d Question 27
The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the Answer circle of Willis common carotid artery external carotid artery internal carotid artery basilar artery Question 28 1.
The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the Answer tunica intima tunica externa tunica media tunica interna tunica adventitia
Immunoglobulins that are composed of 5 single molecules joined together, and are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are Answer IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM
The left and right pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Answer heart lungs brain intestines liver 1.
The pulmonary semilunar valve guards the entrance to the Answer aorta pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins right ventricle left ventricle
The right atrium receives blood from the Answer pulmonary veins pulmonary trunk aorta inferior vena cava conus arteriosus
The visceral pericardium is the same as the Answer mediastinum parietal pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called __________ immunity. Answer active natural passive passive auto innate
As blood travels from the aorta towards a small vessel, the Answer volume increases resistance increases thickness of the vessel increases viscosity increases diameter of the blood vessels increases 1.
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the __________ artery. Answer external carotid subclavian vertebral azygos maxillary 1.
Branches of the popliteal artery include the Answer femoral artery peroneal artery iliac artery
The left ventricle pumps blood to the Answer lungs right ventricle right atrium systemic circuit right atrium 1.
The circumflex branch and the anterior descending artery are branches of the Answer right coronary artery left coronary artery interventricular artery coronary sinus aorta 1.
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the Answer T cells B cells NK cells phagocytes plasma cells 1.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the Answer lungs left ventricle left atrium systemic circuit right atrium
The external iliac artery branches to form the __________ arteries. Answer radial and ulnar femoral and popliteal femoral and tibial tibial and popliteal femoral and deep femoral 1.
The left and right pulmonary veins carry blood to the Answer heart lungs brain intestines liver 1.
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Answer right atrium left atrium lungs
Compared to arteries, veins Answer are more elastic have more smooth muscle in their tunica media have a pleated endothelium have thinner walls hold their shape better when cut 1.
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called Answer continuous capillaries fenestrated capillaries sinusoidal capillaries sinusoids vasa vasorum
Anatomically, lymph vessels resemble Answer elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles medium veins the vena cavae 1.
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions are Answer IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM
The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the Answer Purkinje fibers SA node AV node wall of the left ventricle both the left and right ventricles
The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the Answer common carotid artery cerebral ring circle of Willis external carotid artery none of the above
When renin is released from the juxtaglomerular cells Answer angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys blood pressure goes down blood flow to the kidneys decreases
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the Answer p wave t wave s wave QRS complex PR complex
All of the various macrophages are derived from Answer lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils
The release of interleukin-1 by active macrophages would Answer cause inflammation produce a fever activate complement result in opsonization of pathogens result in B-cell producing antibodies 1 points Small veins of the brain empty into the Answer coronary sinuses dural sinuses circle of Willis external jugular vein vertebral veins
right and left subclavian arteries left subclavian artery only left common carotid and right axillary arteries brachio and right axillary arteries both a and c
Major branches of the subclavian artery include the __________ artery(ies). Answer radial brachial internal thoracic digital both b and c
Capillaries with an incomplete lining are called Answer incomplete capillaries continuous capillaries fenestrated capillaries sinuses vasa vasorum
Baroreceptors that function in the regulation of blood pressure are located in the Answer left ventricle brain stem carotid sinus common iliac artery pulmonary trunk
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called __________ immunity. Answer
The classic pathway of 'complement fixation' occurs when Answer C1 binds to the cell wall of bacteria C1 binds to the cell membrane of bacteria C1 binds to an antibody attached to an antigen C1 binds to a cell surface antigen C1 binds to a plasma protein
Drugs known as beta-blockers will Answer increase heart rate decrease heart rate increase stroke volume increase cardiac output decrease the end-systolic volume 1 points
Question 63
Question 63 1.
In the lower leg, the femoral artery becomes the __________ artery. Answer iliac deep femoral popliteal
Question 64
Question 64 1.
The atrioventricular valve that is located on the side of the heart that receives the superior vena cava is the __________ valve. Answer mitral bicuspid tricuspid pulmonary semilunar aortic semilunar 1 points
Question 65
Question 65 1.
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are Answer immunodeficiency diseases autoimmune diseases allergies the result of stress common in the elderly 1 points
Question 66
Question 66 1.
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located Answer in the opening of the aorta in the opening of the pulmonary trunk where the vena cavae join the right atrium between the right atrium and right ventricle between the left atrium and left ventricle 1 points
Question 67
Question 67 1.
The T wave on an ECG tracing represents Answer atrial depolarization atrial repolarization ventricular depolarization ventricular repolarization ventricular contraction 1 points
Question 68
Question 68 1.
difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume product of heart rate and stroke volume difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise stroke volume less the end-systolic volume product of heart rate and blood pressure 1 points
Question 69
Question 69 1.
The superficial veins of the forearm drain into the __________ veins(s). Answer axillary cephalic and basilic radial and ulnar cephalic and brachial innominate 1 points
Question 70
Question 70 1.
When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ___________ vein, before penetrating the abdominal wall. Answer femoral deep femoral internal iliac external iliac lumbar
1 points
Question 71
Question 71 1.
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the __________ vein. Answer azygos hemiazygos axillary brachial basilic 1 points
Question 72
Question 72 1.
The heart lies in the Answer pleural cavity peritoneal cavity abdominopelvic cavity mediastinum abdominal cavity 1 points
Question 73
Question 73 1.
The expandable extension of the atrium is the Answer ventricle coronary sinus coronary sulcus auricle interatrial septum 1 points
Question 74
Question 74 1.
The coronary sulcus is a groove that Answer marks the border between the atria and ventricles marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles marks the boundary line between the right and left atria separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins 1 points
Question 75
Question 75 1.
Blood flow through a capillary is regulated by the Answer vasa vasorum capillary plexus precapillary sphincter
Question 76
Question 76 1.
In the upper arm, the axillary artery becomes the __________ artery. Answer radial ulnar brachial subclavian digital 1 points
Question 77
Question 77 1.
______________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine. Answer Tonsils Adenoids Peyer's patches Immune complexes Lymph glands 1 points
Question 78
Question 78 1.
After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the __________ artery. Answer radial ulnar brachial axillary digital 1 points
Question 79
Question 79 1.
The ___________ divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta. Answer pericardium mediastinum diaphragm peritoneum pleura 1 points
Question 80
Question 80 1.
Question 81
Question 81 1.
The cells known as lymphocytes Answer are inactive phagosomes destroy red blood cells produce proteins called antibodies or immunoglobulins are primarily found in red bone marrow decrease in number during infection 1 points
Question 82
Question 82 1.
The cells responsible for 'humoral' immunity are the __________ cells. Answer NK B helper T cytotoxic T suppressor T
1 points
Question 83
Question 83 1.
Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include Answer T cells becoming less responsive to antigens more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections increased numbers of T helper cells higher levels of antibody after initial exposure to antigens increased numbers of Langerhans cells 1 points
Question 84
Question 84 1.
Characteristics of 'specific defenses' include Answer versatility tolerance memory specificity all of the above 1 points
Question 85
Question 85 1.
The brachial artery branches to form the radial and __________ arteries. Answer axillary digital ulnar subclavian brachiocephalic