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Pharmacy 2nd Semester Syllabus

North South University Department of Pharmacy

7/11/2011

1. An introduction to the inorganic chemicals used in the pharmaceuticals and studying their basic laws and behaviors. 2. Structure of the atom and molecules. 3. The chemistry of co-ordination compounds. 4. Study of medicinal inorganic compounds, such as, a. Antioxidants; b. Gastrointestinal agents; c. Dental preparations; d. Topical agents, etc. Recommended Books: 1. Inorganic Medical & Pharmaceutical Chemistry. John H. Block. 2. Bentley and Driver's Text book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.

1. Qualitative analysis of Inorganic compounds. 2. Manufacturing of Inorganic Drugs, such as a. aluminium hydroxide, b. ferrous ferrous sulfate.

1. This course is an introduction to the functions of cells and biological membranes. 2. Transport of molecules through biological membrane. 3. Different types of tissues and organs constituting the human body; a. role of blood and blood cells, b. role of cardiovascular system for transport of nutrients and elimination of wastes from the cells; c. maintaining blood pressure; d. role of gastrointestinal tract for absorption and metabolism of foods for producing cellular energy; e. role of kidney on elimination of processes. 4. Cell; Blood; 5. Circulatory system; 6. Alimentary system. a. types, b. P-value. Recommended Books: 1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Guyton & Hall. 2. Review of Medical Physiology. William F. Ganong.

1. Chemistry of aromatic compounds such as a. benzene, b. different aromatic acids, c. amerius; d. aldelyde and ketones etc 2. Types of reactions such as a. nucleophilic b. electrophilic reactions 3. Synthesis of different important aromatic drugs and pharmaceuticals; 4. Stereochemistry. Recommended Books: 1. A test book of Organic Chemistry. B.S. Bahl and Arun Bahl. 2. Organic Chemistry. I.L. Finer. 3. Vogel's Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry. 4. Practical Organic Chemistry. Shrinere et al. 5. Advance Practical Organic Chemistry. N.K. Visnol. 6. Organic Practical Chemistry. Clark.

1. Qualitative Analysis of organic salts.

1. The course is designed to make familiar the physical properties of molecules in different states, 2. the kinetic behavior of drugs, 3. equilibrium nature of molecules in liquid, solid and gaseous phases, 4. ionization character of drugs in solution and determination of stability or self-life of drugs by considering physical factors. 5. States of matter: a. b. c. d. Gaseous state, liquid state, solid state, polymorphism.

6. Changes in the state of matter: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Latent heat, vapor pressure, boiling point, meting point and freezing point, sublimation, eutectic mixtures, a aerosols.

7. Solutions: a. Ideal and real solutions, b. Henrys law, c. Nernsts distribution law, d. solubility. 8. Colligative properties of dilute solutions.

9. Ionic equilibria: a. pH of solutions, acids and bases. 10. Buffers and buffering agents: a. b. c. d. e. Buffer action, buffer equation, buffer capacity, biological and pharmaceutical buffers, buffered isotonic solutions.

11. Chemical kinetics and drug stability: a. Rate and molecularity of reactions, b. Integrated rate equations; 12. Stability testing; a. accelerated stability studies, b. prediction of self-life, c. limitations of accelerated stability studies. Recommended Books: 1. Essentials of Physical Pharmacy. B.S. Bahl, G.D. Tuli, Arun Bahl. 2. Physical Pharmacy. S.P. Aqarwal, Rajesh Khanna. 3. Physical Pharmacy. Alfred Martin

1. It deals with the basic knowledge of different groups of microorganisms and also a detailed study of a. b. c. d. e. morphology, nutrition, growth, cultivation and Preservation of bacteria.

2. Microscopy: a. b. c. d. e. Bright field, dark field, fluorescence, phase contrast, e electron microscopy.

3. Properties of selected bacterial species. 4. Study of yeast, molds and viruses. 5. Principle of microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology. 6. Microbiological spoilage and preservation of pharmaceutical products. 7. Contamination of non sterile pharmaceuticals and preservation of pharmaceutical products. 8. Chemical disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. 9. Contamination of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in hospital and community environment.

Recommended Books: 1. Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hugo & Russel. 2. Microbiology. Michael Pelczar.

1. Study of compound microscope. 2. Preparation of pure bacterial cultures. 3. Preparation of pure culture and its identification. 4. Bacterial counts. 5. Study of Gram-staining. 6. Culture sensitivity test by disk-diffusion method. 7. Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic

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