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Changes in 2008 Edition of the ACI Building Code ACI 318-08

James K. Wight P f of Ci il & Environmental Eng. t lE Prof. f Civil E i University of Michigan Prior Chair, ACI 318 Code Committee

Introductory Remarks
Membership on Code Committee Structure of Code Committee Code development process Goals for 2008 and beyond

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Committee Membership
Approximately 40 members that represent a variety of Code users: engineers & i t fC d i designers 50%, contractors and materials suppliers 20%, and academics 30% Selection based on prior experience and contributions within ACI technical committees Special expertise or representative of a special interest group

Committee Structure
Subcommittees (8): develop detailed code p provisions which are brought forward to g the main committee Each main committee member serves on two subcommittees Membership of each subcommittee is extra supplemented with extra members that have special expertise in topics covered by subcommittee Task groups may be formed to address specific issues

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Two Special Subcommittees

Spanish Subcommittee was formed to write official official Spanish version of ACI Code. Code Membership was selected to represent several Latin American Countries. International Liaison Subcommittee was formed to permit ACI members from a wide p variety of countries to have direct access to the ACI Code development process.

Code Development Process

Generally a six-year cycle with p y y y possible update at three years. Concerns/problems identified by code users and prior code committee Input/suggestions from other ACI technical committees Public questions at any time and specific comments on proposed code changes near end of code cycle

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Goals for 2008 and Beyond

p , y p y Improve, not necessarily simplify the code Unify notation throughout the code Improve and unify sections on analysis of various structural systems Resolve issue with shear strength of deep g p members Reorganize seismic design provisions Improve organization of the code

Materials Chapters (3 5)
New requirements for headed bars, headed studs and stainless steel reinforcement with ref. to ASTM Stds. Definitions of exposure categories for concrete durability; movement toward performance-based mix designs as performance based opposed to prescriptive provisions

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Table 4.2.1 Exposure Categories and Classes

Exposure Classes F1, F2 and F3

Maximum w/cm ratio, 0.45 Minimum compressive strength, fc =4500 psi Air content, Table 4.4.1 Limits on cementitious material for F3 only, given in Table 4.4.2

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Table 4.4.1 - Total Air Content for Concrete Exposed to Freeze/Thaw Cycles

Table 4.4.2 Requirements for Concrete Subject to Exposure F3

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Table 4.2.1 Exposure Categories and Classes

Materials Chapters (3 5)
Sect. 5.6.2.3 A strength test shall be the average of the strengths of at least two 6 by 12in. cylinders or at least three 4 by 8-in. cylinders Sect. 5.6.6.2 Steel fiber-reinforced concrete shall be consider acceptable for shear resistance if: ) if a) 100 lbs. per cubic yard, b) residual flexural lb bi d id l fl l strength at beam deflection of /300 equal to 90% of peak strength, and c) residual strength of 75% of peak value at deflection of /150.

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ASTM C1609 Flexural Test

Total load

Fiber-reinforced concrete

Plain concrete

/300

/150

Midspan deflection

Chapters 7 10: Structural Detailing and Analysis

Structural integrity reinforcement requirements tighten; partially in response to NIST proposed requirements against progressive collapse Use of Class B (not A) lap splices for integrity steel For perimeter beams integrity steel must be confined by closed stirrups

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7.13.2.2(a) PERIMETER BEAMS

As 1 As 2

Largest of As 1 / 6 or As 2 / 6 (Mi 2 B L t f Min Bars ) - Continuous - Class B Tension Splice - Mechanical/Welded Splice

7.13.2.2(b) PERIMETER BEAMS

+ As 1 + As 2

+ As 1 / 4 + Largest of As 1 / 4 or As 2 / 4 (Mi 2 B L t f + Min Bars ) -Continuous - Class B Tension Splice - Mechanical/Welded Splice

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7.13.2.3 PERIMETER BEAMS

Min. 135o Hook

Must be closed

or

7.13.2.4 OTHER BEAMS

+ As 1 + As 2

+ As 1 / 4 + Largest of As 1 / 4 or As 2 / 4 (Mi 2 B L t f + Min Bars ) - Continuous - Class B Tension Splice - Mechanical/Welded Splice

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Chapters 7 10
Moment redistribution; from negative moment to positive moment AND f from positive moment to negative moment Modified -factor for spiral columns, increased from 0.70 to 0.75 (compared to 0.65 for tied columns) Modification of provisions for slender columns; more emphasis on use of software and proper member stiffnesses

Chapter 11 Shear and Torsion

Modifications for lightweight aggregate concrete; essentially insert a before all f c terms related to concrete contributions in shear

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Chapter 11
Vc = 2 f c bw d
Vd Vc 1.9 f c + 2500 w u bw d Mu
(11 3)

(11 5)

Shear Stud Assemblies: In LA

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Chapter 11
Use of shear-stud assemblies at slabcolumn connections; provisions added to l ti i i dd d t permit and regulate the use of commonly used stud-rail shear reinforcement in slabs

Shear Stud Assemblies: In LA

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Chapter 11 Shear and Torsion

Limits on beam depth to address sizeeffect on shear strength; essentially all ff t h t th ti ll ll beams with depths exceeding 24 in. must use minimum shear reinforcement.

Size effect on Beam Shear Strength

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Chapter 11
Use of steel fibers to provide minimum shear strength in beams; substantial body of research hi b b i lb d f h information shows approx. 100 lbs. of steel fibers per cubic yard gives shear strength of approximately 4 fc

Shear strength vs. a/d ratio (beams w/ and w/o fibers)

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V =0
f f

10 Shear stress (sqrt f' c, psi)

V <0.5% 0.5<V 1 0% 0 5 V <1.0%

f f

1.0<V <1.5

0 0 1 2 3 a/d 4 5 6 7

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Test of 30-in. deep FRC beam

Chapter 12 Development and Splices of Reinforcement

Permitted use of stainless steel bars Modification of development length equations to have a consistent use of the factor for lightweight aggregate concrete

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Chapter 12
t e s 3 fy ld = 40 f c + K c b tr db d b

(12 1)

Chapter 12
New anchorage provisions for headed bars in i normal weight concrete l i ht t

0.016 e f y l dt = f c

db 8db , and 6 in.

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Use of headed bars for tension anchorage

Chapter 13 Two-Way Slabs

Use of shear caps at slab-column connections ti
h/4 h

No limit

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Chapter 14 Walls (Slender)

Modified design provisions for slender walls (tilt-up); analysis and design provisions were modified to be consistent with design practice which commonly practice, follows requirements of 1997 UBC

Chapter 18 Prestressed Concrete

Increase in allowable stresses at ends of a a o ab a d o precast, prestressed beam at release 18.4.1 (a) Extreme fiber stress in compression shall not exceed 0.60 fc (b) Extreme fiber stress at ends of simply supported beams shall not exceed 0.70 fc

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Chapter 20 Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures

p p y Reference to procedure developed by ACI Comm. 214 to estimating fc in existing structure from core test data. To maintain same safety level, current test load intensity of 0.85(1.4D+1.7L) was not h d h d l df t changed when code load factors were changed; However, new load combinations are also to be considered.

Chapter 21 EarthquakeResistant Structures

Switch to Seismic Design Categories (SDC)

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Chapter 21
Complete reformatting of the chapter to go from l low seismic requirements to high f i i i t t hi h SDC A: All of Code chapters 1 19 and 22 SDC B: All of above plus 21.1.2 SDC C: All of above plus 21.1.8 d ll f b l SDC D, E and F: All of above plus 21.1.2 through 21.1.8 and 21.11 through 21.13

Chapter 21
New detailing permitted in coupling beams

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Chapter 21
New detailing permitted in coupling beams

Chapters 22 Structural Plain Concrete

Limitations a listed to clarify scope and a o are d o a y op a d applicability of this chapter. Also, commentary defines which concrete elements in residential construction are within the scope of ACI 332-04, the Code for Residential C f R id ti l Construction. t ti

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Appendices
No significant changes in Appendices A C Use of supplementary vs. anchor reinforcement for concrete breakouts in Appendix D

Appendix D Supplementary vs. Anchor Reinforcement

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Summary of Major Changes

Major improvement in consistency and uniformity of notation (2005) Reorganization of Chapter 21 to use Seismic Design Categories, as is done in other National Codes New provisions for anchorage of headed bars and use of shear studs in two-way slabs Introduced structural use of FRC as replacement for minimum shear reinforcement Limits placed on depth of beams that can be excluded from use of minimum shear reinforcement

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