Chemistry formulas for grade 11, grade 12 and under graduates.

Ideal Gas law PV = nRT n = number of moles R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol K Boyle's law P1V1 = P2V2

Combined Gas law P1V1 = T1

Charles law V1 = T1 Diffusion: Rate at which two gases mix P2 Graham's law of diffusion

Gay-Lussac law P1 = T1 T2

The rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely p the square root of their density or the molar gas.

Effusion: Rate at which a gas escapes Solution: Solution is a homogeneous mixture o thru pin hole substances.

Graham's law of effusion The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of either the density or the molar mass of the gas.

Solute is a substance that is dissolved in th

Solvent is the substance that dissolves the s present in greater amount.

Concentration is the ratio of solute and solvent. Concentration can be measured using molarity, molality and mole fraction.

Unit of Molarity (M) : mol/L : moles per litr Unit of Molality (M) : mol/kg : moles per kg

moles of solute Molarity (M) = liters of solution

moles of solute Molality kg of (m) = solution

Mole fraction: Mole fraction of a Dilution: Siluting a solution means adding mo component in solution is the number solution without the addition of more solute. of moles of that component divided by the total number of moles of all components in the solution.

molesa molesa Mole-fraction (X+)= a molesb .. ..

MiVi = MfVf

Mi: Molarity of solution before diluting. Vi: Volume of solution before diluting. Mf: Molarity of solution after diluting. Vf: Volume of solution after diluting.

Mole: Mole is the amount of substance One mole of gas has volume of 22.4 liter at S that contains same number of particles as there are atoms in Carbon-12. One mole of substance is Avogadro's number (i.e. 6.023 x 1023).

Relation between moles and grams

Ionization Enthalpy: It is the energy needed electron from an atom or molecule (i.e from l It is always endothermic (i.e. positive).

1 mole = molecular weight of substance in grams. OR

Ionization energy: energy needed to remove an atom

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa [A log10 + ] [HA]

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where [A-]: Concentration of conjugate base [HA]: concentration of the acid

OR pH = pKa [Conjugate Base] + log10 [Acid]

Gas law P2V2 T2

aw V2 T2

: Rate at which two gases mix

law of diffusion

of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to e root of their density or the molar mass of the

Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more s.

a substance that is dissolved in the solution.

s the substance that dissolves the solute. Solvent is n greater amount.

olarity (M) : mol/L : moles per litre

olality (M) : mol/kg : moles per kg

Siluting a solution means adding more solvent in without the addition of more solute.

ity of solution before diluting.

e of solution before diluting.

ity of solution after diluting.

e of solution after diluting.

of gas has volume of 22.4 liter at STP.

n Enthalpy: It is the energy needed to remove an from an atom or molecule (i.e from low state to n=). ays endothermic (i.e. positive).

n energy: energy needed to remove an electron from an

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