Integrated Crop and Resource Management (ICRM)

Dr. Md. Harunur Rashid

Cropping Systems Specialist CSISA, IRRI Bangladesh

ToT on Cereal Crops, Fish and Vegetable Production for CARE Staff, 24-28 July 2011, TARC-BRAC, Niketon, Gulshan-1, Dhaka

Outline of the topic presentation

Quality seed Seed treatment Seed priming Ideal seed bed preparation Vigor seedling production Land preparation Crop establishment and management Fertilizer and water management

Quality seed

Seed Conditions

Partially filled grain

Unfilled grain

Abnormal seeds

Spotted seed

Discolored seed

Abnormal seeds .

Deformed seed

Insect damaged seed

Abnormal seeds .

Germinated seed

Smutted seed

Seed Contaminants

Other plant parts

Inert matter

Seed Contaminants

Rice Varietal mixtures

Seeds of other crop species

Best (apparently healthy) seed

Seed treatment
Seed treatment is a process of application of chemicals or protectants (with fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal or nematicidal properties) to seeds, that prevent the carriage of insects or diseases causing pathogens in/on the seeds. Seed treatment also enables the seed to overcome seedling infection by soil borne fungi.

Methods of seed treatment

1. Dust treatment Bulk of seed is treated by dust formulations which do not require very complicated equipments. Factory made closed barrel type rotating drums are used for seed treatment which reduce the inhalation hazards. Wet treatment Water soluble chemical are dissolved in water in containers of convenient size and seeds are dropped for a certain period of time (short dip/long deep) and then dried properly before packing and storage. If the seed is not properly dried, it is likely to be damaged during storage Metallic containers should not be used when mercurial compounds are chosen for seed treatment.

2.

3. Slurry method This method is most suitable for applying wettable powder formulation. The chemicals are mixed with a small quantity of water and then the mixture is applied to seeds in automatic or semiautomatic machines for large scale seed treatment. 4. Pelleting It is used mostly as protectant against soil organisms and as a repellent against birds and rodents. The method has very limited application hence it is not extensively used.

Rice seed treatment before seeding

Pour seeds in made of clothes or gunny bags and tie loosely Mix 3 g of Bavistin/Noine/Evazim/Gilzim/Topcil plus/Hedazim/Sunfanet with 1 l of water in a pot for 1 kg of seed Dip the seed bag in the treated water for 24 hours. Treated rice seeds prevents the seed borne fungal diseases like Bakanae, Leaf scald, Sheath rot, Blast, Brown spot, False smut.

Seed priming
On-farm seed priming simply means soaking seeds in water overnight, drying them so that they don't stick together, then sowing them as usual. Previously, poor farmers in upland rice-farming areas suffered because much of the seed they sowed failed. Farmers in Cameroon, the Gambia, Ghana, India, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Thailand now prime rice seed. Primed rice germinates better, grows more quickly and strongly, flowers and matures earlier, and often produces more grain than rice that isn't primed. And, when rice gets a good start it is better able to compete with weeds - a big problem with upland rice.

Ideal seed bed preparation and vigor seedling production

Loamy and clayey soil suitable for seedbed Apply 2 kg CD/compost/m2 if the soil is infertile Apply 5-6 cm water and plough 2-3 times followed by laddering and remain water for 7-10 days

Seedling raised in raised bed, Khulna

Seedling raised in flat bed, Khulna

Raised

seed bed saved at least 33% seed

Vigor seedling Reduced cost of production

Land preparation
Cross ploughing twice and wait for 7- 8 days Again ploughing twice followed by laddering and 3-4 days and then final land preparation Properly level the land for better water and weed management

Crop establishment and management

Crop establishment methods 1. Dry seeding ( using PTOS, VMP) a) Zero tillage (relay cropping) b) Reduced tillage - Full tillage single pass - Strip tillage - Bed planting c) Dibbling (manage drought & salinity) 2. Wet seeding (using drum seeder) - Line sowing - Broadcasting 3. Transplanting

Dry seeding & management

Intercropping

Fertilizer and water management

Fertilizer management
Crop establishment & initial growth (tillering) Proper reproductive growth (# panicle/hill) Grain/fruit number and growth (filled grain/panicle) Basal fertilizer Soil fertility Crop lifespan Top dress Number Amount to be applied New techniques - SSNM: LCC (plant based) - USG

Water management Crop establishment & initial growth (10-15 days for rice) During USG application and prilled urea top dress Supplemental irrigation in rainfed cropping (T. Aman) - levee management (15-20 cm deep levee for capturing rain water) Mulching for holding residual moisture Water saving technology Using PVC/plastic pipe AWD Following DSR/WSR