HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

Chemistry
DATA SHEET Avogadro constant, NA .................................................................. 6.022 1023 mol1 Volume of 1 mole ideal gas: at 100 kPa and at 0C (273.15 K) ...................... 22.71 L at 25C (298.15 K) .................... 24.79 L Ionisation constant for water at 25C (298.15 K), Kw ................. 1.0 1014 Specific heat capacity of water ..................................................... 4.18 103 J kg1 K1 Some useful formulae H = m C T pH = log10 [H+ ] Some standard potentials
K+ + e Ba Ca
2+ 2+ +

K(s)

2.94 V 2.91 V 2.87 V 2.71 V 2.36 V 1.68 V 1.18 V

+ 2e + 2e

Ba(s) Ca(s) Na(s)

Na + e Mg Al
2+ 3+

+ 2e

Mg(s) Al(s) Mn(s)

1 H2(g) + OH 2

+ 3e

Mn2+ + 2e H2O + e Zn Fe Ni
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+

0.83 V 0.76 V 0.44 V 0.24 V 0.14 V 0.13 V 0.00 V 0.16 V 0.34 V 0.40 V 0.52 V 0.54 V 0.62 V 0.77 V 0.80 V 1.08 V 1.10 V 1.23 V 1.36 V 1.36 V 1.40 V

+ 2e + 2e + 2e

Zn(s) Fe(s) Ni(s) Sn(s) Pb(s)

1 H2(g) 2 +

Sn

+ 2e + 2e

Pb

H+ + e SO4 Cu
2

+ 4H + 2e

SO2(aq) + 2H2O Cu(s)

2+

+ 2e

1 O2(g) + 2 +

H2O + 2e

2OH

Cu + e

Cu(s) I I

1 I2(s) + e 2 1 I (aq) + e 2 2 3+

Fe

+e

Fe2+ Ag(s) Br Br

Ag + e

1 Br2(l) + e 2 1 Br2(aq) + e 2 1 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e 2 1 Cl2(g) + e 2 1 Cr2O72 + 7H+ + 3e 2 1 Cl2(aq) + e 2 MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e 1 F2(g) + e 2

H2O Cl
7 Cr3+ + H2O 2

Cl Mn F
2+

+ 4H2O

1.51 V 2.89 V

Aylward and Findlay, SI Chemical Data (5th Edition) is the principal source of data for this examination paper. Some data may have been modified for examination purposes.

Hydrogen

1 H 1.008

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

KEY

2 He 4.003
Helium

3 Li 6.941
Lithium

Beryllium

4 Be 9.012

Atomic Number Symbol Standard Atomic Weight Name

79 Au 197.0
Gold

5 B 10.81
Boron

6 C 12.01
Carbon

Nitrogen

7 N 14.01

8 O 16.00
Oxygen

9 F 19.00
Fluorine

10 Ne 20.18
Neon

11 Na 22.99
Sodium

Magnesium

12 Mg 24.31

Aluminium

13 Al 26.98

14 Si 28.09
Silicon

Phosphorus

15 P 30.97 33 As 74.92
Arsenic

16 S 32.07
Sulfur

Chlorine

17 Cl 35.45 35 Br 79.90

18 Ar 39.95
Argon

Potassium

19 K 39.10 37 Rb 85.47

20 Ca 40.08
Calcium

Scandium

21 Sc 44.96 39 Y 88.91
Yttrium

Titanium

22 Ti 47.87

Vanadium

23 V 50.94 41 Nb 92.91

Chromium

24 Cr 52.00

Manganese

25 Mn 54.94 43 Tc

26 Fe 55.85
Iron

27 Co 58.93
Cobalt

28 Ni 58.69
Nickel

29 Cu 63.55
Copper

30 Zn 65.38
Zinc

31 Ga 69.72
Gallium

Germanium

32 Ge 72.64 50 Sn 118.7
Tin

Selenium

34 Se 78.96 52 Te 127.6 84 Po

Bromine

36 Kr 83.80
Krypton

Rubidium

Strontium

38 Sr 87.61

Zirconium

40 Zr 91.22

Niobium

Molybdenum

42 Mo 95.96

Technetium

Ruthenium

44 Ru 101.1 76 Os 190.2
Osmium

Rhodium

45 Rh 102.9

Palladium

46 Pd 106.4

47 Ag 107.9
Silver

Cadmium

48 Cd 112.4 80 Hg 200.6
Mercury

49 In 114.8
Indium

Antimony

51 Sb 121.8

Tellurium

53 I 126.9
Iodine

54 Xe 131.3
Xenon

Caesium

55 Cs 132.9 87 Fr

56 Ba 137.3
Barium

5771
Lanthanoids

Hafnium

72 Hf 178.5 104 Rf

Tantalum

73 Ta 180.9 105 Db

Tungsten

74 W 183.9 106 Sg

Rhenium

75 Re 186.2 107 Bh

77 Ir 192.2
Iridium

Platinum

78 Pt 195.1 110 Ds

79 Au 197.0
Gold

Thallium

81 Tl 204.4

82 Pb 207.2
Lead

83 Bi 209.0
Bismuth

85 At
Astatine

86 Rn
Radon

Polonium

88 Ra
Radium

89103
Actinoids

108 Hs
Hassium

109 Mt
Meitnerium

111 Rg

112 Cn
Copernicium

Francium

Rutherfordium

Dubnium

Seaborgium

Bohrium

Darmstadtium Roentgenium

Lanthanoids 57 58 La Ce 138.9 140.1

Lanthanum Cerium

Praseodymium

59 Pr 140.9

Neodymium

60 Nd 144.2

61 Pm
Promethium

Samarium

62 Sm 150.4

Europium

63 Eu 152.0

Gadolinium

64 Gd 157.3

65 Tb 158.9
Terbium

Dysprosium

66 Dy 162.5

Holmium

67 Ho 164.9

68 Er 167.3
Erbium

69 Tm 168.9
Thulium

Ytterbium

70 Yb 173.1

Lutetium

71 Lu 175.0

Actinoids 89 Ac
Actinium

Thorium

90 Th 232.0

Protactinium

91 Pa 231.0

Uranium

92 U 238.0

93 Np
Neptunium

94 Pu
Plutonium

95 Am
Americium

96 Cm
Curium

97 Bk
Berkelium

98 Cf
Californium

99 Es
Einsteinium

100 Fm
Fermium

101 Md
Mendelevium

102 No
Nobelium

103 Lr
Lawrencium

Elements with atomic numbers 113 and above have been reported but not fully authenticated. Standard atomic weights are abridged to four signif icant figures. Elements with no reported values in the table have no stable nuclides. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Periodic T able of the Elements (February 2010 v ersion) is the principal source of data. Some data may ha ve been modified.