Jiangws's Blog / Formulas for PMP

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Jiangws's Blog
Formulas for PMP
If you think a formula is missing here but required in PMP exam. Post a comment and we will add to this table. 1. PERT 2. Standard Deviation 3. Variance 4. Float or Slack 5. Cost Variance 6. Schedule Variance 7. Cost Perf. Index 8. Sched. Perf. Index 9. Est. At Completion (EAC) (P + 4M + O )/ 6 Pessimistic, Most Likely, Optimistic (P - O) / 6 [(P - O)/6 ]squared LS-ES and LF-EF EV - AC EV - PV EV / AC EV / PV BAC / CPI,AC + ETC Initial Estimates are flawed AC + BAC EV Future variance are Atypical AC + (BAC EV) / CPI Future Variance would be typical 10. Est. To CompletePercentage complete 11. Var. At Completion 12. To Complete Performance Index TCPI EAC - ACEV/ BAC BAC - EAC Values for the TCPI index of less then 1.0 is good because it indicates the efficiency to complete is less than planned. How efficient must the project team be to complete the remaining work with the remaining money?( BAC EV ) / ( BAC AC ) Bigger is better (NPV) FV / (1 + r)^n Bigger is better (IRR) Bigger is better ((BCR or Benefit / Cost) revenue or payback VS. cost)Or PV or Revenue / PV of Cost Less is betterNet Investment / Avg. Annual cash flow. PV EV AC

13. Net Present Value 14. Present Value PV 15. Internal Rate of Return 16. Benefit Cost Ratio 17. Payback Period 18. BCWS 19. BCWP 20. ACWP

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21. Order of Magnitude Estimate 22. Budget Estimate 23. Definitive Estimate 24. Comm. Channels 25. Expected Monetary Value 26. Point of Total Assumption (PTA) Sigma

-25% - +75% (-50 to +100% PMBOK) -10% - +25% -5% +10% N(N -1)/2 Probability * Impact ((Ceiling Price Target Price)/buyers Share Ratio) + Target Cost 1 = 68.27% 2 = 95.45% 3 = 99.73% Net Income Before Taxes (NEBT) / Total Sales ORNet Income After Taxes ( NEAT ) / Total Sales NEBT / Total Assets ORNEAT / Total Assets NEBT / Total Investment ORNEAT / Total Investment Current Assets Current Liabilities Cash Flow X Discount Factor Savings = Target Cost Actual CostBonus = Savings x Percentage Contract Cost = Bonus + Fees Total Cost = Actual Cost + Contract Cost

Return on Sales ( ROS ) Return on Assets( ROA ) Return on Investment ( ROI ) Working Capital Discounted Cash Flow

Contract related formulas

F rom:http://pmzilla.com/formulas-pmp-pmp

ormulas You Must Know

Acroynyms Used in Formulas
AC CV Actual Cost of the Work Performed Cost Variance BAC Budget at Completion (Project budget) CPI Cost Performance Index EAC Estimate at Completion ETC Estimate to Complete EV PV Earned Value (Budgeted Cost of the Work Performed) Planned Value (Budgeted Cost of the Work Scheduled)

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SV SPI

Schedule Variance Schedule Performance Index

VAC Variance at Completion

Cost and Schedule Formulas

CV = EV AC SV = EV PV CPI = EV / AC SPI = EV / PV CV and SV are also known as progress formulas. CPI and SPI are also known as efficiency indicators. CV (cost variance) measures money. SV (schedule variance) measures time. To get from CV to CPI or SV to SPI, just change the minus sign to a division sign. CPI and SVI are efficiency indicators. With CV and SV, positive values are good (under budget, ahead of schedule). Similarly, with CPI and SPI, values greater than 1 are good. Remember that in the cost and schedule formulas, EV is always the first value.

Forecasting Formulas
(simplest formula: typical or no variances) EAC = BAC / CPI (atypical variances) EAC = AC + (BAC EV) (typical variances) EAC = AC + (BAC EV) / CPI (atypical variances) ETC = BAC EV (typical variances) ETC = (BAC EV) / CPI Note that the second formulation for EAC could be restated as EAC = AC + ETC ETC (estimate to complete) measures work which is still outstanding. EAC (estimate at completion) measures total work when the project is complete. Both are calculated differently depending on whether the variances so far are typical or atypical.

PERT Formulas for Activity Duration Estimating

Activity Length = (P+4M+O) / 6 Activity Std. Dev = (P-O) / 6 Activity Variance = ((P-O) / 6)2 where P is the pessimistic estimate, O is the optimistic estimate and M is the most likely estimate.

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The Activity Length formula is also known as the three point estimate. Remember that you cannot simply add standard deviations; you must calculate variances (the standard deviation squared), sum them and then take the square root.

Critical Path Formulas for Activity Duration Estimating

Activity Duration = EF ES or LF LS Activity Float = LS ES or LF EF Remember CPM is deterministic, using specific durations; PERT is probabilistic, using statistical estimates of durations.

Quality Formulas (Normal Distribution)

1 sigma = 68.26% 2 sigma = 95.46% 3 sigma = 99.73% 6 sigma = 99.99985%

Financial Formulas
These formulas are used in budgeting and project selection. Payback period: number of years until the sum of future cash flows equals the initial investment.
PV equation

NPV equation

IRR equation

Examples of using the financial formulas

Payback Period: Obviously this is an extremely rough calculation which does not take into account the time value of money. If the initial investment is $10,000, and the cash flows are: Year Amount (FV) 1 $2000 2 $2000 3 $2000 4 $2000

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5 6 7 8

$2000 $2000 $2000 $2000

then the payback period is 5 years. PV: The present value is the discounted value of a future cash flow. A discount is required because the present value of money is greater than the future value of money. It is expressed: PV = FV/(1 + r)n, where r is the interest rate (or cost of capital) and n is the years. What is the present value of an investment which pays $10,000 five years from now with an interest rate of 10% ? $10,000 / (1 + .1) 5 = $6209. NPV: The net present value is the sum of all future discounted cash flows. Using the calculations from the payback period example, and assuming a 10% cost of capital, Year Amount (FV) PV 1 $2000 $1818 2 $2000 $1653 3 $2000 $1503 4 $2000 $1366 5 $2000 $1242 6 $2000 $1129 7 $2000 $1026 8 $2000 $933 So the present value of the next 8 years of cash flows is $10,670. Also remember NPV is *net*, so if there is an initial investment, it must be subtracted. In other words, if this investment cost $10,000, the NPV would be $670, not $10,670. IRR the Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate when the present value of cash flows is the same as the initial investment. Higher IRRs are preferred to lower ones. IRR is determined by trial and error, computing NPV with various interest rates.

Other Formulas
EV = (% complete) * BAC VAC = BAC EAC Communication Channels = (N * (N-1)) / 2 [where N is the number of parties] Overhead rate = (charge rate per hour pay rate per hour) / pay rate per hour

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Old Acroynms
BCWP Budgeted cost of work performed old term for EV BCWS Budgeted cost of work scheduled old term for PV ACWP Actual cost of work performed old term for AC You probably wont need to know these but theyre here for reference. http://www.pmpexamguide.com/formulas.html Post a comment Trackback URI RSS 2.0 feed for these comments This entry (permalink) was posted on Saturday, May 24, 2008, at 5:20 pm by jiangws2002. Filed in PM. You must be logged in to post a comment.

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