UnitOverviewLevel5Unit2

Talkingaboutthefuture
Inthisunityouwillstarttolearnlanguagetotalkaboutthefuture.

Vocabulary Vocabulary floods Phoneticspelling UK[fld]US[fld] Partofspeech Translation/definition verb tocausetofillorbecomecoveredwith water,especiallyinawaythatcauses problems ayearbetweenleavingschoolandstarting universitywhichisusuallyspenttravellingor working asubstanceinaformlikeairthatisneither solidnorliquid agradualincreaseinworldtemperatures causedbypollutinggasessuchascarbon dioxidewhicharecollectingintheairaround theEarthandpreventingheatescapinginto space whenyoureceiveyourdegreeforfinishing youreducationoracourseofstudy apersonwhoisinanarmyandwearsits uniform,especiallysomeonewhofights whenthereisawar certainwithoutanydoubt adoctorwhoisspeciallytrainedtoperform medicaloperations thewriterofabook,article,play,etc. avehiclewithanenginethatusesboth petrolandanothertypeofenergy,usually electricity whoapersonis,orthequalitiesofaperson orgroupwhichmakethemdifferentfrom others themeasuredamountofheatinaplaceor inthebody asetofimagesandsoundsproducedbya computer,whichseemtorepresentaplace orasituationthatapersoncantakepartin thegasformedwhencarbonisburned,or whenpeopleoranimalsbreatheout Someone'scarbonfootprintisa measurementoftheamountofcarbon dioxidethattheiractivitiesproduce. thewaytheworld'sweatherischanging ahard,blacksubstancewhichisdugfrom theearthinpieces,andcanbeburntto produceheatorpower,orasinglepieceof this relatingtoorbelongingtothearmedforces

gapyear gas

UK[gs]US[gs]

noun noun

global warming

noun

graduation soldier sure surgeon author hybridcars

UK[,grd.u'ei.n] noun US[,grd.u'ei.n] UK['sul.dr]US ['soul.d`] UK[:r]US[ur] UK['s:.dn]US ['s`:] UK[':.r]US [':.`] UK['hai.brid]US ['hai.brid] UK[ai'den.ti.ti]US [.i] noun adjective noun noun noun

identity temperature virtual reality carbon dioxide carbon footprint climate change coal

noun

UK['tem.pr.tr]US noun [p`..t`] noun noun noun noun

UK[kul]US[koul] UK['mil.i.tri]US[ ter.i]

noun

military

adjective

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opportunity pioneer desert development drought pollution prospects rainforest renewable science fiction

UK[,p.'tju:.n.ti] noun US[,:.p`'tu:.n.i] UK[,pai'nir]US[ noun 'nir] noun

thechancetogetajob apersonwhoisoneofthefirstpeopletodo something anarea,oftencoveredwithsandorrocks, wherethereisverylittlerainandnotmany plants whensomeoneorsomethinggrowsor changesandbecomesmoreadvanced alongperiodwhenthereislittleornorain damagecausedtowater,air,etc.byharmful substancesorwaste thepossibilityofbeingsuccessful,especially atwork aforestinatropicalareawhichreceivesa lotofrain describesaformofenergythatcanbe producedasquicklyasitisused books,filmsorcartoonsaboutanimagined future,especiallyaboutspacetravelorother planets

UK[di'vel.p.mnt] noun US[di'vel.p.mnt] UK[draut]US noun [draut] UK[p'lu:.n]US noun [p'lu:.n]

UK['rein.fr.ist]US noun [f:r] UK[ri'nju:..bl=]US adjective ['nu:] noun

Languagefocus
FirstConditional:
Whenconsideringarealfuturepossibility,thefirstconditionalcanbeused.It'softenusedtotalkaboutwarningsor threats.TheeventdescribedinthemainclausedependsontheconditiondescribedintheIfclause.

Conditionalsentenceshavetwoclauses: Amainclausecontainingwill/won'tfollowedbyabaseverbandasubordinateadverbialclausethatisintroducedby if.Wecanusuallychangetheorderoftheclauses: If+subject+presenttense+comma+subject+will/won't+baseverb If If If If Subordinateclause:Condition youdon'tuseenergysavinglightbulbs, wecontinuetousecoalpower, weworktogether, MainClause:PossibleResult youwillhaveahigherelectricitybill. wewillcausemorepollution. wewillbeabletoslowdownglobalwarming.

Subject+will/won't+baseformoftheverb+if+subject+presenttense MainClause:PossibleResult Youwillhaveahigherelectricitybill Wewillcausemorepollution Wewillbeabletoslowdownglobalwarming If if if if Subordinateclause:Condition youdon'tuseenergysavinglightbulbs. wecontinuetousecoalpower. weworktogether.

Willandgoingto

Whenmakingaprediction,willismostoftenused.Forexample: Infiftyyears'time,robotswilltakeovertheearth. Inthefuture,peoplewillliveonthemoon. Whenmakingortalkingaboutaplan,itisbettertousegoingto.Forexample:

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Tomorrow,I'mgoingtohaveabath. I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthissummer.

Zeroconditional
Zeroconditionalsentencesrefertogeneraltruths.Zeroconditionalsentencescontainastatementoftheconditionand astatementoftheresult.

Thestatementoftheconditionisformedbyanifclauseandastatementofresult. If+subject+simplepresent+object,subject+simplepresent+object Forexample: Ifw ecutdownrainforests,welosetreeswhichconsumecarbonmonoxide. Iftheplanetbecomeshotter,desertsbecomebigger. Iftheclimatechanges,moreextremeweatheroccurs.

Contentandfunctionwords

Thedisappearanceoftherainforesthasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherconditions. Intheabovesentence,thecontentwordsareinbold.Inspeech,thesecontentwordsaregivenmorestress,or emphasis,inordertomakethemeaningclear.Contentwordsincludenouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbs. Functionwordsarenotusuallystressed.Thesewordsdon'tcarrymeaningandjusthelpwiththegrammarofthe sentence.Functionwordsincludearticles,prepositions,pronouns,auxiliaryverbs,etc

Collocations
Collocationsarepairsorgroupsofwordsthatareoftenusedtogether.TolearnEnglishvocabularyeffectively,youneed toknowaboutcommoncollocations.

Forexample,wesay:Butwedon'tsay: Imadeamistake.Ididamistake. Iwilldomybest.Iwillmakemybest. Theseareexamplesofverb+nouncollocations.Therearemanyothertypes,butwewillconcentrateonverb+noun, adjective+nounandnoun+prepositioncollocationshere.

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