DRUG STUDY

DRUGS GENERIC: Paracetamol

CLASSIFICAT ION Analgesics (Non-Opioid), Anti- pyretics

ACTION Paracetamol exhibits analgesic action by peripheral blockage of pain impulse generation. It produces antipyresis by inhibiting the hypothalamic heatregulating centre. Its weak antiinflammatory activity is related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS

INDICATION Mild to moderate pain and fever

CONTRA INDICATION Hypersensitivity to the drug; alcohol

BRAND NAME: Tylenol DOSE: 50mg IV every 6 hours

ADVERSE EFFECT Nausea, allergic reactions, skin rashes, acute renal tubular necrosis. Potentially Fatal: Very rare, blood dyscrasias (e.g. thrombocytopen ia, leucopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis ); liver damage

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY y y Check temperature Do not store above 30C; do not freeze or refrigerate; if parenteral solution is diluted: use within an hr (infusion time include Check input/output Assess hepatotoxicity: dark urine, clay-colores stools, yellowing of skin

y y

DRUGS GENERIC: penicillin G potassium BRAND NAME: Penicillin VK, Bicillin L-A, Veetids, Penicillin G Procaine DOSE: 140,000 every 12 hours

CLASSIFICATI ON Antibiotics

ACTION

INDICATION Penicillin acts against Gram positive & some Gram negative organisms.It is effective against H. Influenza, Strep.Viridans, Proteus, Neisseria Gonorrhoea and Salmonella etc.

Penicillin kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the crosslinking of peptidoglycan.

CONTRA INDICATION Contraindicated in y Renal failure, Lactation, Hypersenitivity to penicillin and y penicillinase producing organisms. y y y

ADVERSE EFFECT
swelling,  bruising, or irritation where the injection was given; headache with nausea,  vomiting, and tiredness; a red, blistering, peeling skin rash;  chills, fever, joint or muscle pain, and confusion; pale skin,

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY Determine previous exposure and sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins and other allergic reactions of any kind before treatment is initiated. Monitor for S&S of anaphylactic reaction or other signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction as with other penicillins. Lab tests: Periodic assessments of renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic function are advised in patients on long-term therapy.

DRUGS GENERIC: GENTAMICIN

CLASSIFICATION Antibiotics

BRAND NAME: GARAMYCIN DOSE: 14 mg once a day

ACTION interferes with protein synthesis in bacterial cell by binding to ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of genetic code

INDICATION short-term treatment of serious infection caused by susceptible strains of microorganism, esp. gram negative bacteria

CONTRAINDICATION hypersensitivity to gentamicin, fluoromethalone; injury and ulcerationof the cornea; viral infections; glaucoma

ADVERSE EFFECT headache dizziness vertigo confusion fever lethargy

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

assess patients previous sensitivity reaction Complete culture and sensitivity before the beginning of drug therapy it ensure that correct treatment has been initiated assist for allergic reactions: rush, chills and fever

GENERIC: AMPICILLIN BRAND NAME: Omnipen Polycillin Principen DOSE: 75 mg every 12 hours

Antibiotics

Ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an amino group. That amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls. It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell lysis.

Ampicillin is closely related to amoxicillin, another type of penicillin, and both are used to treat urinary tractinfections,otitisme dia,uncomplicatedcom munityacquiredpneumonia,H aemophilusinfluenzae, salmonellosisandListe ria meningitis. It is used with flucloxacillin in the combination antibiotic co-fluampicil for empiric treatment of cellulitis; providing cover against Group A streptococcal infection whilst the flucloxacillin acts against the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium.

The use of Ampicillin is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitiv ity reactions to any of the penicillins.

Allergic reaction, hives; difficulty in breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, orthroat. Serious Side effects: fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash; diarrhea that is watery or bloody; fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness; urinating less than usual or not at all

Determine previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, and other allergens prior to therapy. Report promptly unexplained bleeding (e.g., epistaxis, purpura, ecchymoses). Monitor patient carefully during the first 30 min after initiation of IV therapy for signs of hypersensitivity and anaphylactoid reaction (see Appendix F). Serious anaphylactoid reactions require immediate use of emergency drugs and airway management. Observe for and report symptoms of superinfections (see Appendix F). Withhold drug and notify physician. Monitor I&O ratio and pattern. Report dysuria, urine retention, and hematuria.

CARGULLO, ERIKA JANINE C.