BENGKEL BIMBINGAN BERKALA Sekolah Tinggi Melaka

MELIORA HIC SEQUAMUR KE ARAH KECEMERLANGAN PENDIDIKAN

BENGKEL BIMBINGAN BERKALA

CHEMISTRY
( ACIDS AND BASES ) By Hj Abdul Rasid bin Bakar Pn. Faridah bt Shukor PANITIA SAINS (KIMIA) SMK TINGGI MELAKA

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BENGKEL BIMBINGAN BERKALA - SABTU

1 The table below is the value of pH of a few aqueous solution with the concentration of 1 mol dm-3 Solution pH R 1 S 3 T 6 V 7 X 11 Y 14

Use the above symbols and the table to answer the question. (a) (i) What is the meaning of acid. .. [ 1 mark ] (ii) From the table, choose one example of weak acid and one strong acid .. [ 2 marks ] (iii) State one property of acid. . [ 1 mark ] (b) (i) What is the meaning of pH. . [ 1 mark ] (ii) What is the relationship between pH and concentration of hydrogen ion .. .. [ 2 marks ] (c) (i)What is the meaning of base. . [ 1 mark ] (ii) What is the difference between base and alkali .. [ 1 mark ] (iii)From the table, choose one example of strong alkali. .. [ 1 mark ]

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2 Diagram below shows the preparation of standard solution of potassium hydroxide, 0.1 mol dm-3.

(a) What is meant by the standard solution ? . [ 1 mark ] (b) Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide, KOH needed to make 250 cm3 solution with concentration 0.1 mol dm-3 . [ Relative atomic mass: K, 39; O,16; H, 1]

[ 2 marks ] (c) After all the potassium hydroxide is poured into the volumetric flask, the beaker must be rinsed several times with distilled water. After each rinse, all the water is tranferred into the volumetric flask. Give one reason for doing this? .. [ 1 mark ] (d) Why is the distilled water is added drop by drop? .. [ 1 mark ]

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(e) What step should be taken to make sure that the meniscus level of the standard solution is exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask? [ 1 mark ] (f) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used in the preparation of the standard solution rather than a beaker. Why? . [ 1 mark ] (g) Why do you need to shake the solution after all the water had been added? .. [ 1 mark ] 3. 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added to 25cm3 of 1.0 mole dm-3 barium hydroxide solution in a conical flask and is titrated with suphuric acid. 25.50 cm 3 of sulphuric acid is required to achieve the end-point. The titration is repeated with the same volume and concentration of of barium hydroxide solution. It is found that 24.50 cm3 of sulphuric acid is required to reach its end-point.

7 32 8 33

Initial burette reading

Final burette reading Diagram 2

(a)

Diagram 2 shows the initial and final burette readings for the third titration. Determine the volume of sulphuric acid used in the third titration.

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(b)

Construct a table to record the results of the three titrations in this experiment.

(c)

Calculate the molarity of the sulphuric acid used.

(d)

State the volume of acid required for complete titration if sulphuric acid in this experiment is replaced with hydrochloric acid of the same molarity.

(e)

Below are some examples of acids.

Ethanoic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid

Classify these acids into strong acids and weak acids by using a suitable table.

(f)

Explain why phenolpthalein is used in this experiment. ..

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SECTION B [ Essay ] 1. (a) What is the meaning of weak acid? [ 2 marks] (b) What is the role of water for acid to show its properties? Explain. [ 3 marks] (c) Explain three simple experiments to show the properties of acid. [ 9 marks] (b) The following imformation is about hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.

The pH of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid solution is 1 The pH of 1 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid solution is 4

Explain why these solution have different pH values. [ 6 marks] 2 The chemical equation below show the neutralisation reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Describe an experiment to determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution by using titration method. In your answer include the diagram , data and all relevant calculations involved.

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ANSWER 1(a)(i) acid is a compound that ionises in water to form H+/ H3O+ // Acid is compound that dissolve in water to produce H+ ion. (ii) weak acid : Strong acid:
(iii) -

1 1 1

T R

pH lower than 7// turn blue litmus paper red react with [named] metal to form hydrogen gas react with [named] metal carbonates to form carbon dioxide gas react with base/alkali to form salt and water [any one of the properties] 1 1 1 1
-

(b)

(i) pH is measurement of concentration of H+ (ii) concentration of H+ high, pH is low Concentration of H+ low, pH is high

(c)

(i) compound that ionises in water to form OH // Base is compound that reacts with acid to form salt and water (ii) alkali is base that is soluble in water (iii) Y 1 1 1..10m

(a) solution of known concentration (b) Number of mol = Molarity x volume 1000 = 0.1 x = 0.025 mol Mass = mol x Molar mass = 0.025 x [ 39 + 16 +1 ] = 0.025 x 56 = 1.4 g (c) to make sure all KOH is transferred to the volumetric flask // 1

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To make sure the concentration of solution is accurate (d) To make sure that the meniscus level of the solution is exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask. (e) the eye level is parallel to the meniscus level // Add the distilled water drop by drop/ slowly (f) volumetric flask is more accurate (g) to make sure that solution is well mixed// the solution is homogeneous

1 1 1 1 18m

3.

Question No. 3 (a)

Rubric [ KK0503 measure and using number] Able to record the initial and final burette readings correctly and accurately ( with 2 decimal points ), with correct unit and the correct volume of acid used

Maximum Score 3

Answers : Initial burette reading = 7.70 cm3 Final burette reading = 32.40 cm3 Volume of acid used = 32.40 -7.70 = 24.70 cm3 3(b) Rubric [ KK0506 Communication] Able to construct a table which contain 4 of the following : 1. Titration No. / Experiment No. 2. Initial Burette readings (with unit) 3. Final Burette readings (with unit) 4. Volume of acid required (with unit) *data ecf from 2(a) Titration Final burette reading (cm3) Initial burette reading (cm3) Volume of acid used (cm3) Average volume of acid used (cm3) 3(c) 1 2 3

Rubric KK0508 Interpreting data Steps and answer correct with appropriate unit Suggested Answer : H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2H2O MA MB = 1.0 VA = 24.90 VB = 25.0 (average) MA V A = 1 MA = 1.004 mol dm-3 MB V B 1 Able to state the volume of hydrochloric acid used correctly and with correct

3 (d)

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unit. Answer : 49.20 cm3 // twice the volume of sulphuric acid used// 24.60 x 2 cm3 Rubric [KK0502 Classifying] Able to classify the acids given into strong acids and weak acids correctly in table form : showing the 2 category of acids classifying the acids correctly Strong acid Weak acid 3

3(e)

3(f)

Rubric [KK0509-Define operationally] Able to explain accurately the purpose of using phenolphthalein in this experiment Answer : To determine the end point / neutral point of the titration and to determine the volume of acid required

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SECTION B(Essay) 1 (a) Weak acid is a chemical substance that dissociate (ionise) partially in water To produce low concentration of hydrogen ion
(b) Water help molecule of acid dissociate(ionise)

1 1..2m

to produce hydrogen ion Hydrogen ion is responsible for an acid to shows its properties (c) 3 experiments (i) [ procedure ] [ name of indicator ] [ observation ] Sample answer : Add the named indicator [ observation as in the table ] : indicator Universal indicator litmus Methyl orange Methyl red Congo red Colour changes pH less than 7 Blue to red Orange to red Yellow to red Red to blue

1 1..3 m

1 1

(ii)

add magnesium ribbon to the given solution in a test tube Bring the lighted splint near the test tube pop sound is heard/produce 1 add calcium carbonate (any carbonate) to the solution in a test tube Pass the gas through lime water Lime water turn cloudy/ chalky.

1 1

(iii)

1 1 19

10

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(d) hydrochloric acid dissociated (ionises) completely in water to form high concentration of hydrogen ions pH is low HCl + (ak) ------> H+ + Clethanoic acid dissociated partially in water to form a low concentration of hydrogen ions pH is high CH3COOH (ak) ---- H+ + CH3COO2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Number of titration Initial reading/cm3 Final reading/cm3 Volume of acid /cm3 1 0.00 23.20 23.20 2 3 [Apparatus and material] 25 cm3 pipette, burette, cornical flask, retort stand with clamps, white tile Hydrochloric acid 0.5 mol dm-3 , sodium hydroxide solution, phenolphtalein Rinsed pipet with distilled water followed by a little sodium hydroxide solution. 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution is transferred into a conical flask using pipette. Several drop of phenolphthalein are added into the sodium hydroxide solution in conical flask Rinsed burette with distilled water followed by a little hydrochloric acid The burette is clamped vertically on the retort stand Filled the burette with hydrochloric acid and record the initial reading. The conical flask containing sodium hydroxide is placed on top of white tile at the base of the retort stand Hydrochloric acid is added slowly into the conical flask and swirl the flask to mix the contents until the colour of solution change to pale pink or colourless(end point), The final reading of burette is recorded. The titration process is repeated two times using another portion of the sodium hydroxide. For the second and third titration, when the volume of hydrochloric acid added are within 5 cm3 of the first titration, the acid solution is added slowly drop by drop , swirling continuously until the colour sf solution change

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1..6m

[ Calculation ] 15 Average volume of HCl = (V1 + V2 + V3) / 3 = VHCl

11

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16

HCl + M = 0.5 mol dm-3 V = VHCl MHCl VHCl MNaOHVNaOH MNaOH = 1 1

NaOH NaOH + M=? V = 25.0 cm3 (pipette)

H2O

17

MHCl VHCl VNaOH

0.5 x VHCl 25.0

mol dm-3

12