WI-FI HOTSPOTS Its Growth and Deployment

Aditya Polisetti Mid Sweden University The Department of Information Technology and Media (ITM) Author: ADITYA POLISETTI E-mail address: adityasiraj2003@gmail.com Study programme: Wireless Internet Access, 7.5 credits Examiner: Stefan Pettersson, Stefan.Pettersson@miun.se Scope: 5000 words approximately inclusive of appendices Date: 2010-10-31

2010-10-31

M.Sc. project report within Computer Engineering Wireless Internet Access, 7.5hp

Wi-Fi HOTSPOTS
Its Growth and Deployment

Aditya Polisetti
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WI-FI HOTSPOTS Its Growth and Deployment

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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed overview of Wi-Fi hotspots, deployment, its importance in the global market and its security issues. Wireless hotspots can be defined as the devices that assist us to provide wireless Internet access within the public or private areas. These networks constantly rising their upper hand in recent period for providing Internet access mainly in several public areas such as airports, banks, shopping complexes and restaurants. With the number of using network services across the Internet increasing, there is an enormous increase in the offering of Wireless network connections, bringing the global market to concentrate upon the wireless network providing devices.

The objective of this report is to discuss in detail, the growth of Public Wireless Hotspots and the concern of the user with security of WIFI Public Hotspots. This report also keeps its track up on the deployment of public hotspots. The major issue of users at Wi-Fi hotspots, who abandons to use public wireless hotspots to connect, is its security. This report includes the introduction of hot spots in wireless technology and things needed to do in order to deploy WIFI hotspots. Then covered by the importance and demand of hotspots in the present scenario and finally summing up with the security issues upon the WIFI- Hotspots.

Keywords: Wi-Fi Hotspots, Wi-Fi security issues, current trends of using hotspot , deploying public hotspots, security

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Table of Contents
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Aditya Polisetti

Table of Contents
Abstract ...............................................................................................................iii Terminology ..................................................................................................... iiv 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 4 5 6 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 Background and problem motivation ............................................ 1 Overall aim .................................................................................... 2 Scope .............................................................................................. 2 Concrete and verifiable goals ....................................................... 2 Outline ............................................................................................ 3 Theory ...................................................................................................... 4 Overview of Wi Fi .......................................................................... 4 Overview of hotspots ...................................................................... 5 WIFI Hotspot deployment- Business side.10 Security issues upon hotspots ....................................................... 12 Methodology ........................................................................................... 14 Implementation....................................................................................... 15 Results ..................................................................................................... 18 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 19

References ......................................................................................................... 20

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Introduction 2010-10-31

Terminology
Abbreviations

IEEE PDA Wi-Fi WLAN AP SSL

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Personal digital assistants Wireless fidelity Wireless local area network Access points
Secure Socket Layer

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1 Introduction
1.1 Background and problem motivation
In the past few years, introduction of Wireless Networks (mainly Wireless Local Area Networks) and utilization of the same has been increased enormously which resulted in huge demand for wireless internet access, which in turn, helped to focus deeply upon IEEE 802.11 technology. In the present scenario, this technology has been deployed and utilised in several areas of business and public locations. Reports say that from the past few years enormous growth has been observed in the usage of wireless networks and its accessing technologies. Today, mobility of people demanding access over the internet at any place and time. Keeping upon this into consideration, several organisations are providing wireless internet access in places where they likely to spend some time outside the private networks say in public places such as libraries, conference venues, hotels, airports, cafes, restaurants, campuses, banks, shopping malls and so on. These can be deployed through wireless networks to extend the connectivity over public places and they are commonly known as Hotspots. The wireless hotspots help users to provide wireless internet access with in the areas where there is no dedicated private network connection. So with in the public areas listed above, users can access with their digital world. The users can be able to connect to the readily available wireless internet connection, hotspots, from all kind of compatible network devices such as notebooks, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, IPods etc. Hence, they can be able to do tasks such as browsing the internet, download files, send and receive files, mails without being connected with a physical cable wired connection. Wi-Fi hotspots are similar to that of wireless networks but the main difference is these are not that much secure when compared to that of wireless networks. They are mainly meant for public use .However we can discuss the tips for the security of hotspots in detail in the coming chapters. 1

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Wi-Fi public hotspots can provide an equivalent broadband speed internet access. However, the speed depends upon several factors depending upon the number of users utilising the hotspots at that time. For instance, consider a single person is trying to access the internet using public hotspot. He can able to access internet with high speed. Likely, if twenty people are accessing the same hotspot for internet, then they can find some variation of the speed of internet.

1.2 Overall Aim

The project overall aim is to gain some knowledge upon wireless hotspots, deploying a wireless hotspot, managing a secured Wi-Fi hotspot. After summing up this discussion this report can put a glance upon wireless hotspots over the market trends from the past years.

1.3 Scope
This report will focus mostly upon the understanding and deploying a wireless hotspot and also it will discuss the security issues that arises when a device is connected to internet using a hotspot. In addition, this report will pose a glance upon the market trends from the evolution of hotspots to the present era and scope of increasing its value in its business.

1.4 Concrete and verifiable goals

The problems and questions that the report deals are listed in chronological order 1. What is a Wi-Fi Hotspot? 2. What is the usage of hotspots in present scenario? 3. Why would we want to deploy a Public Wireless Hotspot and how would we deploy it? 4. What are the security issues of using a public Wireless Hot Spots? 5. What is the market strategy of wireless network which uses public Hotspots?

1.5 Outline
Chapter 2 gives the overview of Wi-Fi technology, hotspots and security issues 2

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Aditya Polisetti Chapter 3 explains the structure of the report

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Chapter 4 deals with the actual installation and deployment of a wireless hotspot. Chapter 5 will contain a summary of the project work and present several conclusions for the same. Chapter 6 provides a list of references from several sources, where I gathered information for my project work.

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2 Theory
2.1 Overview of Wi-Fi
Wireless Fidelity is an inexpensive, short range, line-of-sight, broadband wireless technology. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is meant for wireless local area network (WLAN) with high range frequency access. This was originally licensed by WIFI Alliance. This will explains the principal technology of wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 specifications. Wi Fi technology was developed not only for mobile computing devices in local area networks but also for VoIP phone access, internet surfing, playing games , DVD players etc. recently Wi-Fi standards are developed to use in cars in the support to increase traffic safety by deploying Intelligence Transportation System. It is also developing its standards to enable mobile commerce 802.11p. Wi-Fi enables devices to connect directly with each other. It allows connectivity in peer-to-peer mode, which is useful in consumer electronics and gaming applications. The WI-FI Alliance created another brand named "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED". It is helpful to demonstrate products are interoperable with other products displaying the brand "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED".

Figure 1: Basic Wi-Fi Network 4

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Wi-Fi has become very popular as a substantially important element of the urban telecommunications infrastructure in a substantially short period of time. Wi-Fi technology deployment is increasing day-by-day by the growing popularity of multi speed broadband internet. It is the best and easiest way to make several computers to share a broadband link. Up to date, Wi-Fi's main utilization is in home networking. Development in the technology of Wi Fi spread to introduce fee-based access points in public places such as coffeeshops etc.

2.2 Overview of HOTSPOT

A person having a Wi-Fi device such as a telephone, computer, or personal digital assistant (PDA) can connect to the Internet with in the boundary of an access point. The area covered by one or several access points can be considered as a hotspot. These Hotspots can have their range from a single location to several square miles of protruding hotspots.

Figure 2: Hotspot Scenario Figure 2 illustrates an example scenario of Wi-Fi hotspots. In that the red rounded circle indicates hotspot zones and the persons are using those zones for network access. Also the figure shows the network devices such as laptop cell phone and Personal Computer.

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The wireless hotspots help users to provide wireless internet access with in the areas where there is no dedicated private network connection. So with in the public areas listed above, users can access with their digital world. Hence, they can be able to do tasks such as browsing the internet, download files, send and receive files, mails without being connected with a physical cable wired connection. The main difference between Wi-Fi hotspots and other wireless networks is these are not that much secure when compared to that of wireless networks. They are mainly meant for public use. Wi-Fi public hotspots can provide an equivalent broadband speed internet access. However, the speed depends upon several factors depending upon the number of users utilising the hotspots at that time. For instance, consider a single person is trying to access the internet using public hotspot. He can able to access internet with high speed. Likely, if twenty people are accessing the same hotspot for internet, then they can find some variation of the speed of internet. People who have laptops included with Wi-Fi connectivity can benefit more by using Wi-Fi hotspot and connecting to the Internet. Most of the hotspots display a splash screen the first time a user connects and accesses the Internet using a web browser. In the case of free hotspots, this splash screen might require the user just to accept the terms and conditions of the hotspot provider or view some sort of advertisements before accessing the Internet connection. If the hotspot is not free and it is fee-based, a user could enter his information or register and can set up payments if he is using that hotspot network for the first time. In most of the cases, the fee-based hotspots accept payments by having the user securely enter credit card information or online money transfers. The list given below is some of the typical places where we can find a Wi-Fi hotspot:

Airports Cafs, Restaurants, Hotels 6

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Libraries Arenas and organizations

At present, mostly travellers prefer those hotels that provide broadband Internet access within the rooms. This act helps them to keep in touch with their online world while they are out of desk. Considerably, some hotels provide a wired Internet connection using co axial cables or fibre wires usually an Ethernet or data port. Also, Ethernet provides wireless broadband Internet access similar to Wi-Fi. The main thing is that Ethernet requires a cable to connect the user laptop to the network. This affects the mobility of a user and restricts the user to a single location in the room usually a table in the room. In addition to this, most hotels provide a data port on the telephone for dialup modem users to plug into. This also requires a confined, restrictive cable connection, and there is chances of slow data rate transfer and cannot be usable for some websites to browse functionally for the desired task. In spite of widely available wired Internet connections, most people prefer WiFi Internet access. This enables the users to provide mobility among themselves around the hotel and still be connected to the Internet. For instance, a business traveller can use the Internet from anywhere within the room, such as from the desk, or while relaxing on the bed. In addition, this person can go down for meals and still can able to access Internet. A wireless Wi-Fi network in a hotel can be very useful when one or more people with laptops or mobile devices are sharing the same room, since wired Ethernet connections allow only one person at a time to use the Internet. Today, students and others businesspeople typically use public Wi-Fi hotspots at libraries and bookstores while working on their literature, tasks or workrelated things. These places typically did not have Internet access before they began offering Wi-Fi access. Because of this, now, libraries having computer workstations connected to the Internet for public use.

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This WI-FI internet access helps users to minimize costs like cabling and enables more number of people to use internet at a time and helps to achieve mobility of the user while using internet. People such as customers, consultants, entrepreneurs, delegates, who visit corporations can definitely benefit from the network access through Wi-Fi internet. Wi-Fi Internet access using public hotspots within airports and terminals enables travellers, to browse internet, to send and receive mails and to continue their other important tasks while on traveling. This could be useful during long waiting time in between connecting flights and unscheduled delays or flight cancellations. At present so many airports are having this Wi-Fi internet access using hotspots and some of the airports have not installed wireless hotspots posing the reason that airports are extremely large and deploying hotspots and accessing internet could be an expensive task for the management and airport authorities. However, installing a small fee-paid hotspots in restaurants, cafes, airline clubs, or shops within the airport would be very useful to the travellers. Let us suppose that when internet access is widely accepted on airplanes, it could be beneficial to many people especially businesspeople to access internet during long journeys. Wi-Fi access is also available while on board aircraft during some international airline flights. Business travellers will certainly be more productive if they can be able to use Internet-based applications while simply restricted to an airplane seat. 2.2.1 Users Expectations

If the users did not reach their expectations, the installed hotspot will not be successful. The main thing that should keep in mind while designing a hotspot is the fulfilment of users requirements. The highest consideration for designing and implementing a hotspot should be given to the requirements of the user.

WI-FI HOTSPOTS Its Growth and Deployment

Aditya Polisetti 2.2.2 Cost Expectations

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Considering the cost criteria of a hotspot utilization, a permanent Hotspot at a coffee shop or hotel would mostly have fee-based usage likely bill for the service whereas a Hotspot at a trade show or special event or in banks,

institutions etc. would offer the service free-of-charge,. In airports especially if information and real-time updates are available, such as schedule plane times, delay duration can be utilized for free of cost. However, a location, such as a restaurant and hotel, can differentiate itself from its competition by offering the Hotspot service for free. 2.2.3 Security expectations

Any kind of computer user is aware that computers connecting to a network can face malicious viral attacks. The responsibility of the wireless provider is to provide secure links and the user should protect his device by means of installing a personal firewall or by other means of protecting the device while connecting to the network. 2.2.4 How Users can find Hotspots

People can be able to find hotspots in several different ways: PDAs Wi-Fi Finders Software Online directories

Users who need Internet access while traveling can find hotspots in particular areas by searching through online directories. They can view pertinent details of the hotspots, like the service set identifier (SSID), also termed as the hotspot's network name, and whether the network is free or fee-based. The websites offering online directories that people can use to find hotspots are listed below.:

www.hotspot-locations.com www.jiwire.com 9

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www.wi-fihotspotlist.com www.wi-fifinder.com

Majority of the hotspot networks offer a free software program that people can download and install on their network devices. This helps travellers to quickly find hotspots without having an Internet connection. Following are some of the websites that offer offline or downloadable software directories:

www.hotspot.t-mobile.com/ www.jiwire.com/ www.boingo.com/

2.3 WIFI Hotspot deployment- Business side

The main goal of installing and hosting a Wi-Fi hotspot is to provide high speed or broadband internet access. In order to fulfil the need of the customers the vendors are given with an advantage of having instantly available high speed internet for their business purposes. 2.3.1 Benefits to the vendors of hosting a Wi-Fi Hotspot

Considering the network growth at present, the universe of Wi-Fi hotspot providers expanded briskly over the initial years of the Wi-Fi hotspot market, with number of small operating network providers. . This in turn increases the market strategy of using hotspots. These hotspots are made accessible to several small business and enterprise customers and are based on several plans. This has generated a Hotspot operators are essential to generate a wide footprint. Ability to Create a Private Network After hosting and setting a Wi-Fi hotspot, one can easily create a private wireless network which can be used by that organization of private network. Though the public and private networks can share the same internet connection,

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they can be accessed independently from each other and the private network will be secured from that of public network. The benefits of setting up our own private wireless network for our business organization are as follows:

Mobility- Users can be able to achieve mobility while using wireless networks

Secure Internet browsing- The browsing can be made secure using some SSL keys etc. in order to prevent the network access from intruders etc.

Shared files and printers- Files can be shared within the network whenever needed and can be printed.

2.3.2

Figuring the Costs cheap, however the benefits usually

Hosting a hotspot is not that much

outweigh the costs of installing a hotspot. Some typical operating costs to keep in mind while installing and hosting Wi-Fi hotspot are as follows:

Internet service- It could be mostly 60$ or more per month Equipment- Equipment costs could be 40-500$ one time, depends upon the selection of the equipment

Support- could be a few hours each month

The cost of the hardware, varies notably depending up on the size and model of hotspot you plan to install. Some kind of simplest hotspot using same type of wireless router costs around 40$ and this is very much cheap because it has not included all kind of hotspot features such as user redirection, data usage limits, authentication, and so on. In the hotspot market, there is an ascendancy of mobile carriers, resulting in the exposure of Wi-Fi enabled handset devices on their networks. In the future, new dual-mode Wi-Fi phones are introducing to the market. Growth in applications will help the usage of network enabled handheld devices to run in the market 11

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over the coming years. Keeping this in mind, markets, such as China, are opening for hotspots that have previously restricted Wi-Fi usage on handhelds. The pie chart shown below is taken from In Stats survey. A new research is made by In-Stats organization . It results are followed in the figure, nearly two-thirds of people indicated that free Wi-Fi influences their choice of venue. An additional 31% indicated that free access may influence their choice, and just 5% said that it would have no influence over venue choice. Here the venue comes under the place that a hotspot is installed.

Figure 3 : Pie chart from a research held by In-Stat- Wifi Hotspots influecing choice of venues[8]

2.4 Security Issues upon Hotspots

Wireless hotspots, as discussed earlier are changing the way people work. The wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as Wi-Fi provide broadband or high speed Internet connection in public locations. Wireless Hotspots can be considered as an everyday connection method for travellers and remote workers to send the files, check their email and browse the Internet. The major disadvantage of using a hotspot is its security. They are usually unsecured. Unfortunately, that lack of security also makes connecting to that 12

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network by the user taking his own risk. They are all open networks there is sure chance that the links could be vulnerable to security breaches. So users have to consider these things and he have to be alert to make the connection secure by themselves. There are some safety measures to be followed by the users who use a public Wi-Fi Hotspots. Make sure that the firewall in the device is activated Approving access points before connecting to a hotspot Disabling print and file sharing in the device Making the folders private so that no other can be able to use that Encrypting the files Detecting Evil-Twin Hotspot Evil Twin Hot spots can also be called as fake hot spots. User must be aware by not connecting to fake hotspots. All the authentication or payment information for Wi-Fi hotspot access should be encrypted by SSL , so that there is no way to hack our account information.

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Methodology
Considering the problems that are referred in chapter 1.4, this report is planned completely by searching and analysing appropriate literature required for the selected topic. The literature search includes the process of deploying a WIFI Hotspot, securing a public wireless hot spot in a device and then finally listing the business trends of several companies that are providing these public hotspots.

Chapter 2 provides the answers posed in chapter 1.4. Concepts such as introduction to Wi-Fi technology, over view of a hotspot and its deployment and in addition the security issued regarding the usage of public hotspots, gives us an idea of using a public hotspot in any compatible network devices.

Part of the literature search includes the security issues of using public hotspots and some of the security tips you can apply, so that users can connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot safely.

Chapter 4 presents the designing and deploying a public wireless hotspot. It focuses upon the deployment and installing a wireless connection using hotspots. Finally, summing the report by discussing the results of the problems in chapter 5 stated above in the first chapter.

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Implementation
Practically, a public Hotspots can be called as a instantly available connectionless wireless network in which users can connect internet or private intranet, and download files, send messages, using some compatible wireless network devices such as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops, notebooks or handheld games. Moreover, the Hotspot can be temporary or permanent in nature. In other words, the Hotspot should be made invisible to the user in every respect. The components such as Base mobile stations, Access points, Switches, Network Access Controller, Web Server, AAA Server, Internet Service Provider (ISP), High speed internet connection, Wireless ISP can comprise a Hotspot. Some of these elements may be installed by the owner of the Hotspot while others may be purchased.

4.1 Designing and deploying a public HOTSPOT

4.1.1 Simple Free Access Hotspot

Designing and installing a free access hotspot is simple and cheap, but it does not provide any real hotspot features, such as user control and management. However, some groups such as caf bars, libraries etc., might not need all these features if one is simply intends to provide the public with wireless Internet access. Offering a free hotspot, attracts more customers. A simple free hotspot designing solution, is seen in the below figure. Likely a simple wireless network, it is designed such as those connections found in homes. In this, an Internet modem helps to connect a wireless router to the Internet

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Figure 4: Hotspot Layout Diagram The following steps to be followed in order to completely set up a simple free access solution: STEP 1: Gathering the required items: The main thing that is required for the simple free hotspot solution is wireless router. When looking for the equipment to be considered, it is better to have the recommended products. No specific features are required for the wireless router; it just needs to be compliant with Wi-Fi. The below figure shows the Linksys Wireless-G Broadband Router, which is the wireless router. STEP 2: Setting up the Wireless Router In order to install and set up the wireless router, make sure to follow the instructions bellow

Do not use any kind of security or encryption methods. In order to access a hotspot we need an identification for that. Use a service set identifier network name (SSID) that describes a business/organization names. For instance, a library might use the name, "Reader". If the hotspot is being put in a caf for the local people, then we can use the name something such as "Cafs Area".

Configure a channel which is not used by other wireless networks in that nearby location.

Try to use a mixed mode so that users who may have B or G kind of wireless adapters can connect to the hotspot. 16

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STEP 3: Configure Additional Settings in the operating system of the device Some additional settings are useful in installing and deploying public hotspot solutions. Since, every wireless router work differently in its own way, One might need to refer to the wireless router documentation for specific instructions on some of the settings. Accessing the Web-Based Configuration Utility Mostly the wireless routers comprised of built-in web server inside the box that enables to access a web-based configuration utility easily. After wireless router is connected, you usually bring up the web browser and enter the IP address of the wireless router. The common default IP addresses for wireless routers could be 192.168.1.1, 192.168.0.1, and 192.168.2.1. The wireless router user guide which will comes with the device will explain which IP address to use. A prompt to log in will be displayed. The username and password are included in the user guide to use when logging into the router for the first time. After logging into the router, we can see a configuration utility screen which can be configured. Access Restrictions Most of the wireless routers enables users to specify the timings that he/she wants the Internet access to be available. Let us suppose that a student Bob want his roommates to use the hotspot only during after college timings say 4 in the evening. Then he can easily set up the wireless router to offer Internet access only after 4 in the evening.

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Results
Practically, a public Hotspots can be called as an instantly available connectionless wireless network in which users can connect internet or private intranet, and download files, send messages, using some compatible wireless network devices such as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops, notebooks or handheld games. Moreover, the Hotspot can be temporary or permanent in nature. In other words, the Hotspot should be made invisible to the user in every respect.

Considering the network growth at present, the universe of Wi-Fi hotspot providers expanded briskly over the initial years of the Wi-Fi hotspot market, with number of small operating network providers. . This in turn increases the market strategy of using hotspots. These hotspots are made accessible to several small business and enterprise customers and are based on several plans. This has generated a Hotspot operators are essential to generate a wide footprint.

Wi-Fi technology deployment is increasing day-by-day by the growing popularity of multi speed broadband internet. It is the best and easiest way to make several computers to share a broadband link. Up to date, Wi-Fi's main utilization is in home networking. Development in the technology of Wi Fi spread to introduce fee-based access points in public places such as coffeeshops etc. The main goal of installing and hosting a Wi-Fi hotspot is to provide high speed or broadband internet access. In order to fulfil the need of the customers the vendors are given with an advantage of having instantly available high speed internet for their business purposes.

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Conclusions
The entire report is focussed upon Wireless Hotspots. Wireless hotspots are pretty much useful for those who wants to access internet anywhere in the world. This is the main theme of wireless hotspots. The instalment and deployment of a wireless hotspots can be made easily and cheaply. Several technical and deployment related challenges are discussed that need to be addressed to a wireless connectivity through Wi-Fi hotspots.

In the coming days with the growing requirements for high speed broadband internet access in public areas will definitely help to develop Wi-Fi hotspots in several public areas like airports, conference halls, libraries, hotels, shopping malls etc.

In order to be beneficiary to the hotspot network provider, a reliable, secure and robust authentication network should be provided to the user and it should provide internal firewall settings and make sure to the customer that the connection is secure.

As a business agreement maintenance, authentication, monitoring the changes and support should be given to the end user form the stake holder assuring the network is reliable and secure. This could help the public Wi-Fi hotspots a remarkable revolution in the global market.

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References
[1] Wikipedia Wi-Fi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi [2] W. Stallings, Wireless Communication & Networks, 2nd edition [3] Wikipedia Hotspots
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_%28Wi-Fi%29

[4] James TGier, Wireless Networks First- step, 1959

[5] Wi-Fi planet http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/1448941/Deploying-PublicWLANs.htm

[6] Mi-Fi club http://www.mificlub.com/2010/09/wireless-wifi-hotspot-market-size/

[7] e-how http://www.ehow.com/how_5287862_use-wifi-hotspots-security.html

[8] Figure 3 : Pie chart from a research held by In-Stat- Wifi Hotspots influecing
choice of venues.

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