MS221/Q

Course Examination 2010 Exploring Mathematics Tuesday 19 October 2010 2.30 pm 5.30 pm

Time allowed: 3 hours

There are TWO parts to this paper. In Part 1 you should attempt as many questions as you can. Credit will be given for answers to no more than TWO questions in Part 2. In Part 2 of the paper, if you submit attempts to more than two questions, your best two scores will count towards your result. Your answers to each part should be written in the answer books provided. You should start your answer to each question on a new page. You are advised not to cross through any work until you have replaced it with another solution to the same question. Part 1 of the examination carries 72% of the available marks and Part 2 carries 28%. In the examiners opinion, most candidates would make best use of their time by nishing as much as they can of Part 1 before starting Part 2. In most questions, some marks will be awarded for intermediate steps in the working. A correct answer, not supported by working as, for example, one taken from a calculator program may not receive full credit. At the end of the examination Check that you have written your personal identier and examination number on each answer book used. Failure to do so will mean that your work cannot be identied. Put all your used answer books together with your signed desk record on top. Fasten them in the top left corner with the round paper fastener. Attach this question paper to the back of the answer books with the at paper clip.

Copyright c 2010 The Open University

PART 1
Instructions (i) You should attempt as many questions as you can in this part of the examination. (ii) Part 1 carries 72% of the available examination marks (6% of the marks to each question). The allocation of marks to parts of questions is shown on the right. (iii) You should record your answers to each question in the answer book(s) provided, beginning each question on a new page. You are strongly advised to show all your working, including any rough working. Question 1 This question concerns the linear second-order recurrence sequence given by u0 = 1, (a) Find u2 . (b) Find a closed form for the sequence un . Question 2 This question concerns the curve with equation 3x2 + 4y 2 = 108. (a) Show that the curve is a conic in standard position and state what type of conic it is. (b) Write down (i) the coordinates of any vertices; (ii) the eccentricity of the conic; (iii) the coordinates of any foci; (iv) the equations of any directrices. (c) Sketch the conic, and mark on your sketch any vertices, foci and directrices from part (b), labelling them with their coordinates or equations as appropriate. [3] [1] u1 = 15, un+2 = 1 un+1 + 3
14 u 3 n

(n = 0, 1, 2, . . .). [1] [5]

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MS221 October 2010

Question 3 (a) Given that 1 < < and sin = 2 , use appropriate 2 5 trigonometric formulas to nd the exact values of the following. (i) cos(2) (ii) cos (b) Use the exact value cos ( 5 ) = 2 3 and a suitable 6 trigonometric formula to show that 2 3 5 cos 12 = . 2 Question 4 (a) List all the three-letter combinations that can be selected from the four letters A, B, C, D and which include the letter B. (b) How many six-letter combinations can be selected from 10 letters? (c) Find the coecient of x8 y 9 in the expansion of (3x 1 y)17. 3 Question 5 (a) The linear transformation f is a rotation about the origin through 3 anticlockwise, and the linear transformation g is a 2 reection in the line y = x. Give the matrices representing each of f , g and f g. (b) The ane transformation h maps the points (0, 0), (1, 0) and (0, 1) to (2, 1), (1, 2) and (0, 1), respectively. Give the rule of h in the form h(x) = Ax + a, where A is a 2 2 matrix and a is a vector with two components. Question 6 In this question, A = 1 2 . 4 5 [2] [3] [2] [1] [3] 1 [3]

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(a) Use the characteristic equation of A to show that its eigenvalues are 1 and 3. (b) For each eigenvalue of A, nd a corresponding eigenline in the form y = ax, where a is a number, and nd an eigenvector with integer components. Question 7 Dierentiate each of the following functions, simplifying your answers as far as possible. (a) f (x) = (x3 + x) arctan x (b) g(x) = ln (sec x + tan x) ( 1 2 <x<
1 ) 2

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MS221 October 2010

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Question 8 (a) Using integration by parts, nd the indenite integral x sin(3x) dx. (b) Using the substitution u = 1 + e5x , or otherwise, nd the indenite integral e5x dx. (1 + e5x )3 Question 9 (a) Using a standard Taylor series, write down the Taylor series about 0 for each of the functions (i) f (x) = (1 + x)3/2 ; (ii) g(x) = (1 2x)3/2 . In each case, give the rst four non-zero terms of the series. (b) Give a range of values of x for which the Taylor series in part (a)(ii) is valid. (c) By using your answer to part (a)(ii), nd the values of the rst three derivatives of g(x) at x = 0, that is, g (0), g (0) and g (3) (0). Question 10 Let z be the complex number z = 1 i. (a) Find the modulus and argument of z, giving the principal value of the argument. (b) Hence write down z in polar form. (c) Use the polar form of z to show that z 6 = 8i. (d) Hence nd z 6 + z. Question 11 (a) Determine whether the number 7213 5162 0103 1472 is divisible by (i) 3; (ii) 12. (b) Use Fermats Little Theorem to nd the remainder when 2235 is divided by 47. (Use the fact that 235 = 46 5 + 5.) Question 12 Using mathematical induction, prove that, if f is the function f (x) = xex , then, for all n N, the nth derivative of f is given by the formula f (n) (x) = (1)n+1 (n x)ex . MS221 October 2010 4 [6] [3] [3] [2] [1] [2] [1] [3] [1] [2] [3] [3]

PART 2
Instructions (i) Credit will be given for answers to no more than TWO questions from this part of the examination. (ii) Each question in this part carries 14% of the total marks for the examination. (iii) You may answer the questions in any order. Write your answers in the answer book(s) provided, beginning each question on a new page. (iv) Show all your working. Question 13 In this question, K is the hyperbola in standard position with equation x2 y 2 =1 9 6 and L is the conic with equation 3x2 + 10 3xy 7y 2 72 = 0. (a) Find the equations of the asymptotes of K. (b) Make a sketch of the conic K, showing the positions of its vertices and asymptotes. (c) Use the strategy in the Handbook to nd the inclination of L, and to show that L = r (K). (d) On a separate diagram, make a sketch of L, showing the positions of its axes of symmetry and the approximate positions of its asymptotes. (e) Find the eccentricity of L. (f) The conic with equation 2(x + 2) 3(y 1) 18 = 0 can be obtained from K by applying an isometry f . What sort of isometry is f ? Write down the rule of f .
2 2

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MS221 October 2010

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Question 14 This question is about the function f (x) = x2 + 2x 1 and iteration sequences generated by it. (a) Find the exact values of the xed points of f , expressing your answers using surds. (b) Classify each of the xed points of f as attracting, repelling or indierent, explaining your reasoning clearly. (c) Show that there is a 2-cycle of f involving 1. (d) Classify this 2-cycle of f as attracting, repelling or indierent, explaining your reasoning clearly. (e) Determine an interval I for which |f (x)| < 1 when x is in I. (f) Consider the sequence obtained by iterating f when the initial term x0 has the value given in each of (i)(iii) below. In each case, calculate exactly the rst two or three terms of the sequence xn , and state what you expect to be the long-term behaviour of the sequence. (i) x0 = 2 1. (ii) x0 = 3. (iii) x0 = 5 . 2 [2] [3] [1] [2] [2]

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MS221 October 2010

Question 15 This question concerns the function 1 2 cos x f (x) = ( 1 < x < ). 3 sin x (a) (i) Show that f (x) > 0 throughout the domain of the function f . (ii) Show that f is an increasing function. (b) (i) Show that the derivative of u = sin x (cos x + 1) may be expressed as du = (2 cos x 1) (cos x + 1) . dx (ii) Hence, using integration with the substitution u = sin x(cos x + 1), show that f (x) dx = ln [sin x(cos x + 1)] + c, where c is an arbitrary constant. (c) Hence nd the area under the graph of f (x) between x = 1 3 and x = 2 , giving both an exact answer and a decimal 3 approximation to three decimal places. (d) (i) Show that the rule for the function f can also be written as f (x) = cosec x 2 cot x. (ii) Hence, or otherwise, nd the volume of revolution obtained when the region under the graph of the function f (x), from x = 1 to x = 2 , is rotated about the x-axis. Give both an 3 3 exact answer and a decimal approximation to three decimal places. [1] [2]

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MS221 October 2010

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Question 16 In the gure shown below, the plane set P consists of one square and four congruent triangles. (1, 3) y 6
d d d (2, 2) d

(2, 2)
d d d d (3, 1) -

(3, 1) d d d d

(2, 2)

d (2, 2) d d d

(1, 3)

(a) (i) Using standard notation, write down the elements of the symmetry group (S(P ), ) of P , giving a brief description of the geometric eect of each symmetry on points of the plane. (ii) Compile a Cayley table for (S(P ), ). (iii) The group (S(P ), ) is isomorphic to one of the following groups. (S( ), ) (Z4 , +4 ) State which of these groups is isomorphic to (S(P ), ). Write down an isomorphism between (S(P ), ) and whichever of (S( ), ) and (Z4 , +4 ) is isomorphic to (S(P ), ). (b) The functions e and f , each with domain {x R : x = 0}, are dened by 1 e(x) = x, f (x) = . x You may assume that all compositions of these functions are possible, and that composition of functions is associative. (i) Find the rules for each of the composite functions e e, e f, f e, f f.

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(ii) Show that G = {e, f } forms a group under composition of functions. (iii) Write down a familiar group to which (G, ) is isomorphic. Justify your answer, briey. Give an isomorphism between your group and (G, ). [END OF QUESTION PAPER]

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MS221 October 2010