em Ecosyst s Service

Scale

an Hum ct Impa

tem Ecosys e Chang

Forces and s Driver

Ecosystem Structure and Function

The current conditions of an ecosystem at the time of measurement, such as biodiversity, energy ow, and carbon ux.

The full suite of activities that take place in an ecosystem that contribute to human sustainability, such as water puri cation by marshes or temperature modulation by trees.

The set of forces and drivers that are the direct result of human modi cationof the structure or function of an ecosystem

The agents that change the structure or function of an ecosystem; they may be short term (pulses) or long term (presses).

The di erent spatial and temporal dimensions that are considered by ecologists in their research.

The meausred outcomes of the dynamic ecosystem, referring to the fact that ecosystems are always changing in response to forces and drivers.