NOTE TAKING When we look for sources for our research, we should turn to those which are most

t reliable and accessible. A good balance must be achieved. Two Stages of Accessing Resources 1. Evaluating Bibliographic Citatitions - Author o Educational background? o area of expertise? o past writings? o If a chef had written a book on neuroscience, is he a credible author? - Date of Publication - Publisher o Same with the author, the publisher should be an authority in the field of the book that it is publishing. Do you know any publisher and the field that it is an expert in? (TPS) - Medium of Publication o Which do you think is more reliable: a weekly magazine or a newspaper current events? (TPS) 2. Evaluating Content - Intended Audience - Reasoning o The source should be based on facts and should be as objective as possible. - Coverage o Your sources should be comprehensive that they cover a wide range of information leading to the probability of touching your topic. Classification of Sources: - Scholarly These are sources concerned with academic study; especially research; exhibiting the methods and attitudes of a scholar. Examples: American Economic Review JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association Modern Fiction Studies

Substantive News or General Interest This provides information in a general manner, to a broad audience of concerned citizens Examples Christian Science Monitor Economist National Geographic Scientific American - Popular reflects the taste and intelligence of people at large; rarely cite sources. Examples Parents People Weekly Readers Digest Time Vogue - Sensational arouses or intends to arouse strong curiosity, interest and reaction Examples National Examiner Star National Enquirer Most tabloids PLAYGIARISM - It occurs when the source of a certain borrowed text is not cited by the researcher. - Word for Word Plagiarism This occurs when text is copied without changes. - Paraphrase Plagiarism This occurs when Words are replaced with their synonyms; sentence pattern is unchanged Women were usually tasked to do work in the house, like preparing meals and keeping the house tidy, and to taking care of many children. It also occurs when the sentence pattern is changed; words remain the same. - Mosaic Plagiarism This occurs when original phrases are merely rearranged.

Source Plagiarism This happens in cases when quoting a previously direct quoted text. This cites the author that the direct quoted has been copied from and does not include the author himself Text has been quoted by the author named Punongbayan which he had gotten from a book written by Magsaysay. Researcher cites Magsaysay but did not cite Punongbayan. Incomplete Citation This occurs when two or more details of different sources are merged in a paragraph. only cited one source and failed to do the same for the other details in the paragraph

DIRECT QUOTATION - This is done when a text from original source is copied changing nothing in content or structure. - Purposes of Direct Quotation: To state details that require accuracy in delivering such as Legal Definitions and Articles of Law (TPS) To quote the words of a person in authority (TPS) To retain the rhetorical appeal of poetry or witticism (TPS) To quote a controversial statement (TPS) - Punctuations used: quotation marks- placed before and after a text that has been quoted single quotation marks- used when quoting a text that has a direct quotation in it ellipsis- used when omitting the beginning, middle, or end part of the text to be quoted [ ] interpolation: square brackets- insertion of words into text; used when clarifying or explaining a detail to the reader [sic] Latin word meaning so- used when indicating to your reader that the error in the quoted text was originally there and that you have not committed it / virgule- used when indicating page break or that text starts from one page and continues to the other

 PARAPHRASING - Writing the content of the text in your own words - Purpose of Paraphrasing: It saves you time by allowing you to digest and understand the text as you write. - Techniques on Paraphrasing Determine sense and attitude of the text. Paraphrase at least two sentences instead of just one. Do not paraphrase with the original text in front of you. Compare your work with that of the original text. Stick to the essential meaning of the text. SUMMARY - Writing the text in your own words using only the main ideas of the original text - Purpose of Summarizing To determine main ideas To write down the main ideas in your own words

BIBLIOGRAPHIC FORMAT - 1 AUTHOR Last name, First name. Title of book. City of publication: Publisher, Year. 2 AUTHOR Last name, First name and first name Last Name. Title of Book. City of Publishing: Publishing house, Year. 3 AUTHOR Last name, First name, First name Last name and First name Last name. title of book. City: Publisher, year. EDITED Last name, First Name. Title of book. Editor(First name last name). City of Publication: Publisher, year. NEWSPAPER

Last name, First name. Title of Article. Name of newspaper Day month year: Section. JOURNAL Last name, First name. Title of Article. Name of Periodical Volume(Year): Pages TV PROGRAM
Episode Title." Narr. Prod. Dir. First Name Last Nam. Network.Station, City. Date. Ex. "Fear of Violence in the Elderly." Narr. Lynn Scherr. Dir. Norm Gorin. Sixty Minutes. CBS. 16 Oct. 1989.