STAINLESS STEELS

MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Martensitic stainless steels are the first branch of the plain chromium stainless steels. These were the first stainless steels industrially
developed (in the form of stainless steel cutlery). This group has a relatively high carbon content & a chromium content of 12-18% Cr. The
common specifications are 410, 420 and 431.
Basic Properties:
Moderate corrosion resistance
Hardenable by heat treatment and therefore high strength and hardness levels can be developed
Poor weldability due to the high carbon content and the hardenable nature. Common Usage:
Common uses include applications, which need strength and hardness such as knife blades, surgical instruments, fasteners, spindles,
nozzles, shafts and springs. Martensitic Stainless Steel is generally available in the form of a bar or strip.

FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL

These are plain chromium stainless steels. They have varying chromium content of 12-18%, but a lower carbon content than the Martensitics.
The common specifications are 430 & 409
Basic Properties:
Moderate to good corrosion resistance, which increases with the chromium content
Magnetic, non hardenable and always used in annealed condition
Weldability is poor which generally limits their applications as weld components to thin gauge material.
Common Usage:
The most common uses of this type of steel include builders' hardware, sinks, domestic equipment and architectural trims. Thick gauge
applications include liners, decking plates, spillways, chain conveyors and dust & fumes extractors.
Due to their predominant use as thin gauge material this type of stainless steel is available in the form of sheet & coil. They are less
commonly available in the form of plates & welded tube.

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

When nickel (Ni) is added to stainless in sufficient quantities the crystal structure is changed to austenite, hence the term Austenitic Stainless
Steel. The basic composition of the austentic stainless steel is 18% chromium and 8% nickel, termed as 18/8. If additional corrosion resistance
is required 2-3% molybdenum is added, termed 18/8/3. The carbon content is low 0.08% max.
The common specifications include 304, 304L, 321, 316, 316L, 316Ti and 317L.
Basic Properties:

Excellent corrosion resistance

Excellent cleanability and hygiene factor Easily fabricated and formed with ease
Excellent weldability
Hardened by cold work, not by heat treatment
Used in the fully annealed condition in which they are non - magnetic
The ability to handle both extremely low (cryogenic) temperatures and high temperatures (up to 925 degree centigrade).
Common Usage:
Austenitic Stainless Steel has a very wide scope of applications. Some of these are hollowware, builders' hardware, architectural applications,
abattoir, beer and beverage production and food processing equipment, which require the cleanability and hygienic corrosion resistance
properties.

STAINLESS STEEL GRADES -CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ( IN PERCENTAGE )
Grade

C (Max)

Mn (Max)

P (Max)

S (Max)

Si (Max)

Cr

Ni

Mo

SS-301

0.15

2.00

0.045

0.030

1.00

16.00 - 18.00

6.00 - 8.00

Nitrogen
(Max)
0.10

SS-304

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00-20.00

8.00 - 10.50

0.10

SS-304H

0.04 - 0.1

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00 - 20.00

8.00 - 10.50

SS-304L

0.030

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00 - 20.00

8.00 - 12.00

0.10

SS-304LN

0.030

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00 - 20.00

8.00 - 12.00

0.10 - 0.16

SS-309

0.20

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

22.00 - 24.00

12.00 - 15.00

SS-309S

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

22.00 - 24.00

12.00 - 15.00

SS-310

0.25

2.00

0.045

0.030

1.50

24.00 - 26.00

19.00 - 22.00

SS-310S

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

1.50

24.00 - 26.00

19.00 - 22.00

SS-316

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

16.00 - 18.00

10.00 - 14.00

2.00 - 3.00

0.10

SS-316L

0.030

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

16.00 - 18.00

10.00 - 14.00

2.00 - 3.00

0.10

SS-316LN

0.030

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

16.00 - 18.00

10.00 - 14.00

2.00 - 3.00

0.10 - 0.16

SS-316Ti

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

16.00 - 18.00

10.00 - 14.00

2.00 - 3.00

0.10

SS-317

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00 - 20.00

11.00 - 15.00

3.00 - 4.00

0.10

SS-317L

0.030

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00 - 20.00

11.00 - 15.00

3.00 - 4.00

0.10

SS-317LN

0.030

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

18.00 - 20.00

11.00 - 15.00

3.00 - 4.00

0.10 - 0.22

SS-321

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

17.00 - 19.00

9.00 - 12.00

SS-347

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

17.00 - 19.00

9.00 - 13.00

SS-409

0.030

1.00

0.040

0.020

1.00

10.50 - 11.75

0.50 max

0.030

Ti=6X(C+N) Min., 0.75 Max.

SS-409RC

0.02

1.00

0.040

0.030

1.00

10.50 - 11.75

0.50 max

0.020

Ti=6X C Min., 0.75 Max.

SS-409M

0.03

0.8 - 1.5

0.03

0.030

1.00

10.80 - 12.50

1.50 max

0.030

Ti=0.75 Max.

SS-410

0.15

1.0

0.040

0.030

1.00

11.50 - 13.50

0.75 max

SS-410S

0.08

1.00

0.040

0.030

1.00

11.50 - 13.50

0.60 max

SS-405

0.08

1.00

0.04

0.030

1.00

11.50 - 14.50

0.60

SS-430

0.12

1.00

0.04

0.030

1.00

16.00 - 18.00

0.75 max

SS-430Ti

0.030

1.00

0.04

0.030

1.00

16.00 - 19.00

SS-436

0.12

1.00

0.040

0.030

1.00

16.00 - 18.00

SS-420

0.15 min

1.00

0.040

0.030

1.00

12.00 - 14.00

0.10

Cu

Others

Ti=5X(C+N) Min., 0.70Max.

Ti=5X(C+N) Min., 0.70Max.

Cb=10XC Min., 1.00 Max.

Al=0.10-0.30

Ti =0.10-1.0
0.75 - 1.25
0.75 max

Cb=5X C Min., 0.80max

Mo=0.50 Max.