CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Torsion responses in structures arise from two sources: Eccentricity in the mass
and stiffness distributions, causing a torsion response coupled with translation response;
and torsion arising from accidental causes, including uncertainties in the masses and
stiffness, the differences in coupling of the structural foundation with the supporting earth
or rock beneath and wave propagation effects in the earthquake motions that give a
torsion input to the ground, as well as torsion motions in the earth itself during the
earthquake. (1)
Horizontal twisting occurs in buildings when the center of mass (CM) does not
coincide with the centre of resistance (CR). The distance between them is called the
eccentricity (e). Lateral force multiplied by this (e) causes a torsion moment (T) that must
be resisted by the structure in addition to the normal seismic force.(2) The centre of
rigidity is the point through which the resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts.
The centre of mass corresponding to centre of gravity (c.g.) of the systems it is the point
through which the resultant of the masses of a system acts. (3)

1.2 THEORY
In general, the torsion arising from eccentric distributions of mass and stiffness
can be taken into account by ascribing an incremental torsion moment (T) in each storey =
the shear (V) in that storey multiplied by the eccentricity (e), measured perpendicular to
the direction of applied ground motion. A precise evaluation of the torsion response is
quite complicated because the coupled lateral- torsion vibration modes of the entire
structure are to be considered by performing a two or three dimensional response

calculations.

(1)

As an approximation, the torsion moment in each storey can be obtained

by summing from the top storey the incremental torsion moments.

The static torsion responses in each storey are then determined by computing
the twist in each storey obtained by dividing the total torsion storey moment by the storey
rotational stiffness. These twists are then added from the base upward to obtain the total
twisting or torsion response at each floor-level.(1) Since these are static responses, they
should be amplified for dynamic response using the response- spectrum amplification
factor for the fundamental torsion frequency of the structure. However, in many design
codes no amplification whatsoever is used.

(1)

Accidental torsion may arise in many

ways. Most current codes (4) use accidental eccentricity value of 5% of the plan dimension
of the storey perpendicular to the direction of applied ground motion. The accidental
torsion may be considered as an increase and also as a decrease in the eccentricity.
Corresponding to the distance between the centre of mass and resistance in various
storeys; with consideration of increases in all levels or decreases in all levels to get two
bounding values. The accidental torsion (or the total torsion) is computed in the same way
as the real torsion described above. (1)

1.3 DISTRIBUTION OF SHEAR AND MOMENTS

The storey shears arising from translation and from torsion response are
distributed over the height of the building in proportion to the stiffness of various
elements in the building the translational shears being affected by the translational
stiffness and the torsion shears being affected by the rotational stiffness of the building. (1)
The computed stiffness of the structure should take into account the stiffness of the floors
of floor structure acting as diaphragm or distributing element. If the floor diaphragm is
considered as infinitely rigid, and the storey stiffness are of importance.

-2-

(1)

However, if

the floor diaphragm is flexible and deforms greatly, the distribution of forces becomes
more nearly uniform than determined by the method discussed above. A simplified
approach is possible by considering the relative displacements of the building due to
translation and that due to rotation of each storey separately, as affected by the diaphragm
or floor stiffness. The stiff nesses are determined by the forces corresponding to a unit
displacement in either translation or torsion. Respectively, then the shears due to
translation or rotation can be distributed in proportion to these stiff nesses.

The storey moments are distributed to the various frames and walls that make up
the lateral force system in a manner consistent with the distribution of storey shears. In
particular, the shears and moments in any frame or wall should be statically consistent.
Base or overturning moments: The flexural base moment is of importance in
connection with the foundation design. The corresponding flexural moments at each floor
level are important in connection with the calculation of vertical stresses in the columns
and walls of the structure. These moments can be computed from modal analysis or
equivalent lateral force analysis.

1.4 OLD CODE PROVISIONS

In 1984 version of Indian Seismic Code makes provision for the increase in shear
resulting from horizontal torsion due to the eccentricity (e) between the centre of mass
and the centre of rigidity. The torsion moment (T) at each storey = the shear (V) in that
storey multiplied by eccentricity (e). Since there could be quite a bit of variation in the
computed value of e, the code recommends that the design eccentricity (ed) be taken as
1.5e. Negative torsion shears shall be neglected. (3)
The net effect of this torsion is to increase the shear in certain structural elements
and reduction in certain others. The code recommends that reduction in shear on account

-3-

of torsion should not be applied and only increased shear in the elements be considered.
(2)

The torsion forces shall be distributed to the various vertical components of the seismic

resisting system with due consideration given to the relative stiff nesses of the vertical
components and the diaphragm. It is then corrected for torsion taking into account the
increases produced, but not the decreases

(2)

as specified in the code.

(3)

The following

steps are involved to determine the additional shears due to torsion in a building. Fig. 1.1

Let OX and OY be a set of rectangular coordinate axes, the origin O being taken
at the left corner of the building Fig. 1.1. If x and y are the coordinates of various
elements and Kx and Ky their stiff nesses in the two directions, the coordinates (Xr,Yr) of
the centre of rigidity or the point of rotation are computed as
Xr = Kyx
Ky

Yr = Kxy
Kx

The rotational stiffness Ip of the structure about the centre of rotation Cr is

given by
Ip = (KxY2 + KyX2)

If the torsional moment T= Ved

Where ed = 1.5e, the torsion shears Vx and Vy on any column line be computed as:
Vx = T. Y. Kxx
Ip

Vy = T. X. Kyy
Ip

Where Kxx, Kyy are the total stiff nesses of the column line under consideration and X and
Y are coordinates w.r.t the centre of rigidity Cr.
-4-

Y
4
3@7.5
=22.5m

3
Xr
Cr
Cm

Yr

1
X
A

4@7.5m=30m
Fig: 1.1

Plan of an Asymmetric Building

-5-

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 GENERAL
It has been observed repeatedly in strong earthquakes that the presence of
asymmetry in the plan of a structure makes it more vulnerable to seismic damages. There
are reports of extensive damages to buildings that are attributed to excessive torsion
responses caused by asymmetry in earthquakes such as the 1972 Managua earthquake
(Pomares Calero5 1995), the 1985 Michanocan earthquake (Esteva6 1987) and the 1989
Loma Prieta earthquake (Mitchell et al7 (1990)). Fig. 2.1 shows damages in a multi-storey
building after the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake in Kobe, probably caused by
excessive torsion responses because its core was eccentrically located in plan.
Asymmetry in plan causes torsion in a building because the centre of mass and the
centre of rigidity do not coincide. The distance between the two centers is termed
structural eccentricity and the magnitude of this eccentricity can be estimated. Torsion
can also arise in a building due to other sources for which estimating their magnitude is
difficult. Some examples of these sources for the so-called accidental torsion are the
rotational components in the ground motion, an unfavorable distribution of live load, and
the difference between computed and actual stiffness/mass/yield strength of the elements.
All these factors cause coupling between the lateral and torsion motions in a building that
leads to non-uniform distribution of in-plan floor displacement. This results in uneven
demands on the lateral resisting elements at different locations of the system.

-6-

Although torsion has long been recognized as a major reason for poor seismic
performance of multi-story buildings and many studies have been done on the seismic
torsion responses of single story buildings, the analytical and experimental studies on the
inelastic seismic response of multi-story buildings do not have a long history. The reason
as explained by De la Llera & Chopra8 (1995c) is that "most researchers have been
discouraged to look into the multi-story case in light of the already complex response of
single storey asymmetric buildings".
In most of the available studies on the seismic torsion response of multi-storey
buildings, simple building models such as shear walls are used and the conclusions of the
studies are based on the responses of buildings subjected to a limited number of
earthquake ground motions. Currently, there is no general agreement on how the torsion
effect should be allowed for in seismic design. These observations provided the
motivation for the study by A.S. Moghadam9 in order to provide a better understanding
of the problem of seismic damages caused by torsion in multi-storey reinforced concrete
frame buildings. Those investigations on torsion response that involve using the recorded
data in buildings during earthquakes are explained. Then experimental research is carried
out, and finally analytical work on the subject is explored.

2.2 STUDY ON RESPONSE OF BUILDINGS RECODRED IN EARTHQUAKES

Conducting experiments to study the inelastic response of a structure is not easy. To
obtain realistic estimations of the inelastic response, the test should be performed on a fullscale prototype building. This is not practical for most structures. However, the recorded
motions of some instrumented buildings in earthquakes can provide valuable information
about the seismic performance of such buildings. Safak and Celebi10 (1990) introduced a
method to identify torsion vibration in an instrumented building. According to them,
similar methods can be used to identify inelastic behavior in vibrating structures. Lu and

-7-

Hall11 (1992) studied the data from two low-rise, extensively instrumented buildings in the
1987 Whittier Narrows Earthquake. Their study involved the investigation of responses of
buildings, responding in the elastic and marginally inelastic range, by comparing the
behavior of the buildings with computer simulations. Both buildings were modeled as
frame structures using a shear wall idealization. The recorded data at the basements were
used as the ground motion input for the models. The results from unidirectional ground
motion input were found to provide a reasonably close match of the actual responses during
the earthquake. Using bi-directional ground motion inputs gave an even better match to the
measurements. Sedarat et al.12 (1994) studied the torsion response characteristics of three
regular buildings in California, by analyzing the strong motions recorded in these
buildings during three recent earthquakes: the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the 1986 Mt.
Lewis earthquake, and the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake. The responses of the buildings
were compared with responses of models designed using the provisions of the 1988 UBC.
The results of their investigation indicated that the code provision was not adequate to
account for the torsion responses of these buildings.

2.3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Some experiments on scaled models are reported in the literature. Bourahla and
Blakeborough13 (1994) examined the performance of knee braces in asymmetric frame
buildings by designing and testing a one-twelfth-scale building model using a shaking
table. The test structure was a four-storey frame, three bays deep and three bays wide.
Several symmetric and asymmetric arrangements of the frame were tested. The changes
in responses due to asymmetry and also due to the unbalanced strength were investigated.
It was found that the effect of the unbalanced strength in a nominally symmetric frame
buildings is less significant compared with other sources of asymmetry. The energy
dissipation capacities of the frames were also studied. Based on the experimental results,

-8-

it is concluded that the magnitude of the eccentricity in itself is meaningless, but it is the
ability of the structure to resist torsion, which is critical.

2.4 ANALYTICAL STUDIES

Effects of torsion
Analytical studies have been done to compare the effects of torsion on the elastic
and inelastic behavior of buildings. Study of a seven-storey frame-wall structure (Sedarat
and Bertero 1990a14, 1990b15) demonstrated that linear dynamic analysis might
significantly underestimate the effect of torsion on the inelastic dynamic response of the
structure. On the other hand, the study of a thirteen storey regular space frame structure
Boroschek and Mahin16 (1992) showed that the effects of torsion were more severe if the
building is modeled as an elastic structure instead of an inelastic one, and the results were
found to be highly dependent on the characteristics of the earthquake motions. Therefore,
the issue of severity of torsion effect on the inelastic response of buildings has not been
settled.
Teramoto et al.17 (1992) presented some results of dynamic analyses of an
asymmetric 10-storey shear beam building. They used one earthquake record as the input
motion. A conclusion of this study is that mass eccentric and stiffness eccentric systems
behave differently. When mass eccentricity exists at upper floors only, the eccentricity
will also have some effects on the lower floors. However, stiffness eccentricity only
affects the floors where eccentricity exists.
Cruz and Cominetti18 (1992) used a five storey-building model in their study and
concluded that the overall ductility and the fundamental period of the building are the
parameters that most strongly affect the responses of the building.
In a study by De la Llera and Chopra19 (1996) they concluded that increasing the
torsion capacity of the building by introducing resisting planes in the orthogonal

-9-

direction, and modifying the stiffness and strength distribution to localise yielding in
selected resisting planes, are the two most important corrective measures for asymmetric
buildings.

2.5 DESIGN PROCEDURES

Several issues related to the design of multi-storey buildings and evaluation of
building codes have been studied in the literature. Bertero20 (1992) developed formulae
with the objective of considering the elastic and inelastic torsion in the preliminary design
of tall buildings. Bertero21 (1995) used the classical theorems of plastic analysis to
estimate the reduction in the strength of a special class of buildings. De la Llera &
Chopra22 (1995a) proposed a procedure for including the effects of accidental torsion in
the seismic design of buildings. Ozaki et al.23 (1988) proposed a seismic design method
for multi-storey asymmetric buildings. Azuhata and Ozaki24 (1992) proposed a method
for safety evaluation of shear-type asymmetric multi-storey buildings. In both of these
studies, the damage potential due to torsion is evaluated based on the shear and torsion
strength capacity and the design shear force and torsion moment for each storey of the
building.
In a study by Duan and Chandler25 (1993) on an asymmetric multi-storey frame
building model, they concluded that application of the static torsion provisions of some
building codes may lead to non-conservative estimates of the peak ductility demand,
particularly for structures with large stiffness eccentricity. In another study they
(Chandler and Duan25 1993) proposed a modified approach for improving the
effectiveness of the static procedure for regular asymmetric multi-storey frame buildings.

2.6 SHORTCOMINGS OF THE PREVIOUS ANALYTICAL STUDIES

The number of parameters required to mathematically define the elastic and
inelastic properties of a representative model of an asymmetric multi-storey building is

- 10 -

enormous. Therefore, all studies that have been reported in the literature involved using
simple models for the building and the conclusions are drawn based on a limited number
of earthquake records as ground motions input.
In almost all these studies, the multi-storey frame buildings are modelled as shear
buildings. The shear building model is not a good representative of the frame buildings in
a seismic zone because a shear building model has strong beams, which causes the plastic
hinges to occur at the columns. This is in contradiction to the strong column-weak beam
philosophy in earthquake design (Tso26 1994). A study by Moghadam and Tso27 (1996b)
has shown that shear-building modeling may lead to unreliable estimates of the important
design parameters. Rutenberg and De Stefano28 (1997) have pointed out that some of the
difference between the results of modeling a building as a shear building versus a ductile
moment resisting frame building in the study by Moghadam and Tso27 (1996b) might be
due to differences in the periods of the two compared models. Modeling of a building as a
shear building involves changing the stiffness of beams to very high values. This in turn
causes the period of the shear beam model to change. Therefore; modeling a ductile frame
building as a shear building will cause changes in not only the mode of failure, but also the
natural periods of the building. Thus, the relevance of observations of studies using shear
beam modeling to actual ductile moment resisting frame structures in seismic active
regions is questionable.

2.7 SIMPLIFIED METHODS

Some simplified approaches have been developed in the literature to estimate the
inelastic seismic responses of multi-storey buildings. De la Llera and Chopra8 (1995c)
developed a simple model for analysis and design of multi-storey buildings. Each storey
of the building is represented by a single super-element in the simplified model. The use of
storey shear and storey torque interaction surface (Kan and Chopra29 (1981), Palazzo and

- 11 -

Fraternali30 (1988), De la Llera and Chopra31 (1995b)) is an important component of this

method. The storey shear and torque (SST) surface is basically the yield surface of the
storey due to the interaction between storey shear and torque. Each point inside the
surface represents a combination of storey shear and torque that the storey remains
elastic. On the other hand, each point on the surface represent a combination of shear and
torque that leads to the yielding of the storey. It is shown that the SST surfaces can be
used for single storey systems and multi-storey shear buildings. One major assumption
embedded in the method is that the stories of a multi-storey building are considered as
independent single storey systems. In other words, the floor diaphragms are assumed
rigid, both in-plane and out-of-plane. This assumption of out-of-plane rigid diaphragms
is equivalent to assuming rigid beams in the building. How realistic is such a model to
represent the behavior of ductile frame buildings in seismic regions is a subject that
requires further investigation.
In the performance based design codes and in the guidelines for retrofitting of
buildings, the use of different versions of a static inelastic response analysis procedure,
commonly known as pushover analysis, has been suggested as a valid tool to evaluate the
acceptability of any proposed design, or to assess the damage vulnerability of existing
buildings. Moghadam and Tso32 (1996a) extended the application of the pushover
analysis to asymmetrical buildings by using a 3-D inelastic program. Kilar and Fajfar33
(1997) developed a simple method to conduct pushover analysis for asymmetric buildings
by modeling the building as a collection of planar macro-elements. Another method
proposed by Tso and Moghadam34 (1997) incorporates the results of elastic dynamic
analyses of the building in the pushover procedure. A further simplification is achieved
by requiring only a two-dimensional inelastic analysis program to perform the pushover
analysis on asymmetrical multi-storey buildings (Tso and Moghadam34 1997, Moghadam

- 12 -

and Tso35 1998). Rutenberg and De Stefano28 (1997) conducted pushover analyses on a 7storey wall-frame building and found reasonable agreement between results of pushover
and inelastic dynamic analyses.

- 13 -

The eccentric
elevator core

r Collapse of this column due

to excessive displacement
demand initiated the
progressive collapse in the
building

Fig 2.1 Example of Structural collapse caused by torsion (Eccentric elevator core lead to
significant torsion deformation and the collapse of corner columns)

A department Store in Kobe, Japan after 1995 Earthquake

- 14 -

CHAPTER 3

STRUCTURAL MODEL, LOADINGS &

RESPONSE PARAMETERS OF INTEREST
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The study in this work is based on the analyses of a family of structural models
representing multi-story asymmetrical buildings. These models are subjected to both
critical and lateral loadings expected on buildings during an earthquake. A set of response
parameters is used to illustrate the effect of torsion in these buildings.
The purpose of this chapter is to present the basic assumptions and the tools utilized
in this work. The different building configurations are introduced first. Then the methods
and the loadings used in the analyses are discussed. Finally the chosen response
parameters are outlined. The material presented in this chapter prepares the background
information for the results to be presented in the subsequent chapters.

3.2 BUILDING CONFIGURATIONS

The basic structural model used throughout this a study is uniform nine-story building;
asymmetric with respect to both X and Y axis to demonstrate many of the features
expected from multi-story buildings subjected to seismic loading. The assumed plan of
building is shown in Fig. 3.1. It has an L-shape floor plan of dimensions 42.4 m by 53.0
m, and a uniform floor height of 4.2 m Fig. 3.2. The plan considered is asymmetric. For
convenience, the X-direction is referred to as the main direction and the Y-direction is
referred to as the transverse direction. To resist the lateral loads, there are 28 RC columns
supporting to flat slab. The flat slab is of thickness 0.25 m with column caps 3.6x3.6x0.5
m with (post tensioned) edge beams of size 0.6x0.5 m are provided through out the
building in all floors. All the columns are placed at strategic locations with spacing of

- 15 -

10.6x10.6 m, having 5 bays in X direction & 4 bays in Y direction. The grids are marked
as 1 to 6 in X direction and A to E in Y direction as shown in Fig. 3.1. The Seismic
analysis is carried out as per the latest IS-1893-2002 code by the Response Spectrum
technique. The buildings are assumed to be located in zone-II, zone-V and located on
three types of soils (Hard, Medium; Soft soils). The Response quantities considered
includes axial forces, moments in X & Y directions, twisting moments, %steel, steel area
etc. for the columns; further both ordinary moment resisting frame (OMRF) and special
moment resisting frame (SMRF) are considered.

3.3 COMPUTER SOFTWARE STAAD.Pro 2006

The static and dynamic behavior of the multi-story asymmetric buildings in the
elastic range is the main focus of the study reported in this work. Therefore computer
program with the ability of performing 3-D elastic static and dynamic analysis was
necessary. The program STAAD.Pro-2006 has been chosen as the base computer
software in performing the analyses. To have a clear understanding of the analysis a study
has been carried out to evaluate this program by comparing its results with the responses
derived from the manual calculations.
3.4 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS IN MODELING
The following are the main modeling assumptions used in this study.
3.4.1 MODELING OF THE BUILDING

Rigid slab: It is assumed that all the columns in the buildings are connected by
floor diaphragms that are rigid in their own plane. Therefore every floor has only
two translational and one rotational degrees of freedom. The in-plane
displacements of all the nodes on the floor are constrained by these degrees of
freedom. However, the nodes can have independent vertical displacements.

- 16 -

Fixed base: The columns of buildings are assumed to be fixed at their base on
rigid foundation. No soil-structure interaction effect is considered in this
study.

One directional earthquake input: Only one direction of response values are
applied at the junction of columns and floor diaphragms. Due to the fixed base
assumption, all supports are assumed to move in phase. No vertical translation is
applied to the buildings.

Lumped mass at floor level: The mass and the mass rotational moments of inertia
of the buildings are assumed to be lumped at the floor levels.

3.4.2 MODELING OF THE FRAMES

There are different analytical models available to simulate structural frames. In
this study an edge beam element with flat slab having and a column element are used to
model the elements of the frames in the buildings.

- 17 -

- 18 -

CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ASYMMETRICAL MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS INCORPORATING TORSIONAL

PROVISIONS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
In a symmetric building, all the lateral load-resisting elements at different
locations in plan experience the same lateral displacement when subjected to
unidirectional forces. As a result, the force induced in each element is proportional to its
lateral stiffness. This observation leads to a guideline that calls for assigning the design
strength of the lateral load-resisting elements according to their stiffness. In an
asymmetric building, however, the location of a lateral load-resisting element affects the
share of load that it should resist because the loadings on the rigid floors of these
buildings are accompanied by torques caused by the structural eccentricity in the
building. The force induced in each element from the floor torques is proportional to its
contribution to the torsion stiffness of the building. The torque-induced force in an
element is called the torsion shear. The location of an element not only determines the
magnitude, but also the direction of the torsion shear. Depending on the direction of the
torque, the torsion shear should be added to or subtracted from the forces induced in that
element by the translational displacement of the floors.
To compensate the torsion effect on the performance of a building, different
approaches have been suggested to replace the rule of distribution of strength among the
elements proportional to their lateral stiffness. These approaches can collectively be referred to
as torsion provisions. The goal of this chapter is to evaluate the effectiveness of a few torsion
provisions to improve the seismic performance of asymmetric multistory buildings.

- 19 -

The first approach that is studied here is distribution of the strength based on static
equilibrium consideration. Then the static torsion provisions based on the Indian seismic
code (IS: 1893-2002) are studied. Finally, the application of response spectrum analysis to
proportion the design strength of the elements is considered.

4.2 TORSIONAL PROVISIONS

Torsion provisions are incorporated in most building codes to redistribute the
strength among elements to minimize the torsion effects. Codes usually divide the
buildings into regular and irregular buildings and consider that static torsion provisions will
be suitable for regular buildings. For irregular buildings, design based on dynamic analysis,
such as the response spectrum method, is suggested.

4.3 I. S. CODE DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR TORSION

The static torsion provisions require the application of static torsion moments to
be included in the determination of the design forces. The product of the lateral force and
the design eccentricity determines the value of the torsion moment. The design
eccentricity can be different from the structural eccentricity in a building. To protect the
elements on both side of the building, codes require two separate load cases to be
considered involving two design eccentricities. The magnitudes of the two design
eccentricities are derived from equations:
(ed)x = l.5 e + 0.1 b -------

(4.1) ;

(ed)z = 0.5 e - 0.l b------

(4.2) ;

where (ed)x and (ed)z are the two design eccentricities, e is the structural eccentricity and
b is the width of the building. To design the elements, the forces required for resisting
the torsion moments (torsion shears) should be combined with the shear from
translational loading.

- 20 -

4.4

CLASSIFICATION OF ASYMMETRICAL BUILDING USING

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS
One procedure to classify a building is to carry out a free vibration analysis.1 The

nature of a mode can be identified using the modal mass information derived from the
free vibration analysis. The first two mode shapes of the buildings and also the effective
modal masses of the first 12 modes of the buildings are presented. The mode shapes of
the buildings are given in two formats. In one format, the displacements and rotations at
CM of the floors are given for each mode. In the second format, the lateral displacements
of the five frames are shown for each mode.
Based on structural dynamics, it can be shown that translation predominant modes
in general have larger modal masses than torsion predominant modes.1 In the figures, the
effective modal masses are shown in figure: against the natural periods of the building. It
can be seen that the first mode is translation predominant in X-direction of the building.
The first translation predominant mode is the second mode as can be seen by the large
modal masses associated with the second mode for Y-direction of the building. In the
case of third mode purely torsion predominant, where as in first and second modes also
very less torsion values will be appearing, but predominant case is translational.
A parameter defined here as effective modal moment of inertia provides a
quantitative way of identifying the contribution of different modes to the displacements of
edge 1 and edge 6 of a building.1 Depending on the sign of this parameter one can show
whether the effects of the rotational and translational components of a coupled mode are
additive or subtractive on each edge of the building. The effective modal moment of
inertia for the nth mode is defined as I*On (Chopra 1995, where this parameter is called
modal static response for base torque)1:

- 21 -

I*On

= r2 n m j j n
J=1

This equation is developed for an asymmetric building with eccentricity in one

direction only, such that floor rotations are coupled with floor displacements in the Indirection. In the equation, N= total number of floors, n= the mode number, r= mass
radius of gyration, m = mass of floor, j n= the rotational element on the jth floor in the
n-th vibration mode shape.
n is defined as:
N

n =

m j j y n
J=1
-------------------------------------------------------N

(4.3)

j y n +

J=1

m j j n

J =1

Where j y n is the translational element on j th floor in the n th vibration mode. The

effective modal moment of inertia idea is based on the concept of modal expansion
(Chopra, 1995)1 that uses the effective modal mass and the effective modal moment of
inertia to expand the effective force vector of a structure.

4.5

TORSIONAL ANALYSIS OF AN L-SHAPED BUILDING

The calculations of torsion seismic shears

36

as per I.S. Code

is illustrated for the L-

shape building shown in Fig. 3.1

Imposed load floor 39 = 4kN/m; Imposed load roof 39= 1.5 kN/m
Grade of concrete M35 and density 37 = 25 kN/m, E 37 = 29.580 kN/m
Floor finishes 38

= 60mm of 20 kN/m

- 22 -

Column drop/cap = 3600x3600x0.5 depth (0.2 flat slab)

Column size

= 0.9x0.9 = 0.054675m4, Partitions load 38 = 1.25 kN/m

Total additional dead load on the slab = 1.25 + 1.2 = 2.45 kN/m
Note: - There is a 200mm thick block (brick) work around the building.
Storey shears:(i)

Total weight of slab in a storey

a) 0.2(31.8 x 53+10.6 x 31.8)25 = 10112.4 kN
b) 2.45(31.8 x 53+10.6 x 31.8) = 4955.08 kN
15067.5 kN

(ii)

Total weight of column caps(18 numbers ) = 0.3(3.6 x 3.6 x 18 Nos) 25

= 1749.6 kN

(iii)

Total weight of column in a storey (28 numbers) = 0.9 x 0.9 x 4.2 x 25 x 28

= 2381.4 kN

(iv)

Total weight of walls in a storey ( above & below floor) @ 20 kN/m

= (31.8+10.6+10.6+31.8+42.4+42.4) 0.2 x 4.2 x 20
= 2849.28 kN

(v)

Live load (50% during earthquake for 4KN/m class loading)

= (31.8 x 53+10.6 x 31.8)0.5 x 4 = 4044.96 kN
Total weight lumped @ each floor of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, roof (9th
floor).
W1 = W2 = W3 = W4 = W5 = W6 = W7 = W8
(15067.5 + 1749.6 +2381.4 + 2849.3 + 4044.96) = 26092.76kN
Total weight lumped @ roof =W9
{15067.5 + 1749.6 +0.5(2381.4 + 2849.3) +0} = 19432.45 kN

- 23 -

Theoretical Base Shear = Vb = (Z/2 x I/R x Sa/g) W

Time period (In shorter direction) T = 0.09H/Ds =0.09 x 37.8/42.4 = 0.522 sec
Time period (In longer direction) T = 0.09H/Ds =0.09 x 37.8/53 = 0.497 sec
In longer direction Sa/g = 2.5, in shorter direction = 2.5
VB = (0.1/2 x 1/3 x 2.5) 228174.53 kN
= 9507.3 kN
Vertical storey shear distribution for whole building can be determined using the
equation:Qi= Vb x Wi hi2
Wi hi2
Floor
9(roof)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Wi in kN
19433
26093
26093
26093
26093
26093
26093
26093
26093

Wi hi2
27766648
29457953
22553745
16570099
11507013
7364483
4142525
1841122
460280

hi
37.8
33.6
29.4
25.2
21.0
16.8
12.6
8.4
4.2

Qi
2169.8
2302
1762.44
1295
899.2
575.5
323.7
144
36

Vi in kN
2169.5
4471.5
6233.9
7528.9
8428.1
9003.6
9327.3
9471.3
9507.30

Wi hi2 = 121663873
CENTRE OF MASS IN X- DIRECTION:
The total height acting along each of column line 1-1 to 6-6 for storey 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
& 9(roof) can be computed as below mentioned table:
WEIGHT CALCULATION IN X- DIRECTION
Colu
mn
line

Weigh
t of
beams
in kN

Weight
of slab
in kN

1-1
2-2
3-3
4-4
5-5
6-6

145.8
291.6
340.2
388.8
388.8
194.4

1255.60
2511.20
2929.70
3348.30
3348.30
1674.20

Weigh
t of
colum
n in
kN
340.2
340.2
425.30
425.30
425.30
425.30

Weigh
t of
walls
in kN

Live Total weight Live

Total
load in
in 1 to 8
load
weight in
kN
floors in kN @ roof 9th roof in
kN
in kN

534.24
178.08
534.24
356.16
356.16
890.4

337.80
674.16
786.52
898.88
898.88
449.44

- 24 -

2612.92
3995.24
5013.96
5417.44
5417.44
3633.74
W=26090.74

2275.84
3321.08
4227.44
4518.56
4518.56
3184.30
W=22045.78

WEIGHT CALCULATION IN Y- DIRECTION

Column Weight
line
of
beams
in kN

Weight
of slab
in kN

Weight
of
column
in kN

A-A
B-B
C-C
D-D
E-E

1255.60
3348.33
4185.4
4185.4
2092.7

340.2
510.3
510.3
510.3
510.3

145.8
388.8
486.0
486.0
243.0

Weight Live
Total
Live
Total
of
load in weight in load
weight
walls
kN
1 to 8
@
in 9th
roof in
in kN
floors in
roof
kN
kN
in kN
534.24 337.08 2612.92
2275.84
534.24 896.76 5678.43
4781.67
356.16 1123.6 6661.46
5537.86
356.16 1123.6 6661.46
5537.86
890.4
561.8 4298.20
3736.40
W=25912.47 kN W=21869.63kN

CENTRE OF MASS IN X- DIRECTION

Taking moment of the weights @ about line 1-1
Cmx (for 1 to 8 floors) =
(2612.92x0+3995.24x10.6+5013.96x21.2+5417.44x31.8+5417.44x42.4+3633.74x53)
26090.74
Cmx = 743207.764 = 28.49 m
26090.74
Cmx (for roof 9th floor) =
(2275.84x0+3321.08x10.6+4227.44x21.2+4518.56x31.8+4518.56x42.4+3184.30x53)
22045.78
Cmx (@ roof) = 628870.228 = 28.53 m
22045.78
CENTRE OF MASS IN Y DIRECTION
Taking moment of the weights @ about line A-A
Cmz = (2612.92 x 0+5678.43 x 10.6+6661.46 x 21.2+6661.46 x 31.8+4298.20 x 42.4)
25912.47
(1 to 8 floors)
Cmz = 595492.42= 22.98 m
25912.47
- 25 -

Cmz= (2275.84 x 0+4781.67 x 10.6+5537.86 x 21.2+5537.86 x 31.8+3736.4 x 42.4)

21869.63
(@ roof)
Cmz (@ roof) = 502615.64 = 22.98 m
21869.63
CENTRE OF RIGIDITY IN X DIRECTION
Lateral stiffness of column k = 12EI
L3
For a square column (0.9x0.9 mts) (having) (using)
M35 grade of E value same and also L are constant; kx = ky = k
xr = ky. X
ky
= (4k x 0+4k x 10.6+5k x 21.2+5k x 31.8+5k x 42.4+5k x 53)
28k
xr = 784.4k = 28.014 m
28k

CENTRE OF RIGIDITY IN Y DIRECTION

Zr= kx.y
kx
= (4k x 0+6k x 10.6+6k x 21.2+6k x 31.8+6k x 42.4)
28k
Zr = 636k = 22.714 m
28k
Eccentricity:For 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th floors
ex = | Cmx - xr| = | 28.48 28.014| = 0.466 m
ez = | Cmz - Zr| = | 22.981 22.714| = 0.267 m
For 9th (roof) storey
ex = | Cmx - xr | = | 28.53 28.014| = 0.516 m

- 26 -

ez = | Cmz - Zr | = | 22.983 22.714| = 0.269 m

TORSIONAL STIFFNESS
Ip = (kX. Y 2 + kY. X 2 )
kX.Y2
= k [4(22.714)2+6(22.714-10.6)2+6(22.714-21.2)2+6(22.714-31.8) 2+6(22.714-42.4) 2]
kX. Y2 = k [2063.703+880.494+13.75+495.33+2325.23]
kX. Y2 = 5778.51k m4
kY.X 2 = k [4(28.014)2+4(28.014-10.6)2+5(28.014-21.2)2+5(28.014-31.8)2
+5(28.014-42.4)2+5(28.014-53)2]
= k [3139.137+1212.99+232.153+71.669+1034.785+3121.500]
kY.X2 = 8812.234k m4
Ip = (kX. Z2 + kY. X 2 )
Ip = (5778.51 + 8812.23)
= 14590.74k m4
ADDITIONAL MOMENTS DUE TO SESMIC FORCE IN X- DIRECTION
(b = 42.4 mts)
1st floor
T1a = Vx (1.5 ez +0.05b)
= 9507.3(1.5 x 0.267+ 0.05 x 42.4) T1a = 23963.15 kNm
T1b = Vx (ez - 0.05b)
= 9507.3 (0.267 - 0.05 x 42.4) T1b = - 17617 kNm
2nd floor
T2a = 9471.3(1.5 x 0.267+0.05 x 42.4 T2a = 23872.4 kNm
T2b = 9471.3 (- 1.853) = -17550.3 kNm

- 27 -

3rd floor
T3a = 9327.3 (2.5205) = 23509.5 kNm
T3b = 9327.3 (- 1.853) = -17283.5 kNm
4th floor
T4a = 9003.6 (2.5205) = 22693.6 kNm
T4b = 9003.6 (- 1.853) = -16683.7 kNm
5th floor
T5a = 8428.1 (2.5205) = 21243.03 kNm
T5b = 8428.1 (- 1.853) = -15617.3 kNm
6th floor
T6a = 7528.9 (2.5205) = 18976.6 kNm
T6b = 7528.9 (- 1.853) = -13951.05 kNm
7th floor
T7a = 6233.9 (2.5205) = 15712.5 kNm
T7b = 6233.9 (- 1.853) = -11551.4 kNm
8th floor
T8a = 4471.5 (2.5205) = 11270.4 kNm
T8b = 4471.5 (- 1.853) = -8285.7 kNm
9th floor (roof)
T9a (roof) = 2169.8 (1.5 x 0.269 + 0.05 x 42.4) = 5475.5 kNm
T9b (roof) = Vx ( ez -0.05b)2169.8 (0.269 2.12) = -4016.3kNm

- 28 -

ADDITIONAL MOMENTS DUE TO SESMIC FORCE IN Y- DIRECTION:(b = 53.0 mts)

T1a = Vz (1.5 ex - 0.05b) = 9507.3 (1.5*0.466+ 0.05*53) T1a = 31840 kNm
T1b = Vz (ex - 0.05b) = 9507.3 (0.466- 0.05*53)T1b = - 20763.9 kNm
T2a = 9471.3 (3.349) = 31719.4 kNm
T2b = 9471.3 (- 2.184) = -20685.3 kNm
T3a = 9327.3 (3.349) = 31237.13 kNm
T3b = 9327.3 (- 2.184) = -20370.8 kNm
T4a = 9003.6 (3.349) = 30153.06 kNm
T4b = 9003.6(-2.184) = -19663.9 kNm
T5a = 8428.1(3.349) = 28225.7 kNm
T5b = 8428.1 (-2.184) = -18406.9 kNm
T6a = 7528.9 (3.349) = 25214.3 kNm
T6b = 7528.9 (- 2.184) = -16443.12 kNm
T7a = 6233.9 (3.349) = 20877.3 kNm
T7b = 6233.9 (- 2.184) = -13614.8 kNm
T8a = 4471.5 (3.349) = 14975.05 kNm
T8b = 4471.5 (- 2.184) = -9765.7 kNm
T9a (roof) = Vz (1.5 ex + 0.05b) = 2169.8(1.5 x 0.516 + 0.05 x 53 = 7429.4 kNm
T9b (roof) = Vz (ez - 0.05b) = 2169.8(0.516-0.05 x 53) = -4630.4 kNm

- 29 -

Table 4.1 Additional Shears for the L-shaped building due to earthquake forces acting in X- direction

Vx1 =

Tx Z K xx
Ip

Ip = 14590.74k m4

- 30 -

4.6 MODE SHAPES

The mode shape coefficients outputted from STAAD are listed in Table-4.2 for the
Master joints. The first few mode shapes are shown in Figures 4.1 to 4.8 for 3D building
Fig 4.9 shows the top floor displacements in plan illustrating the torsion
mode # 3
Table 4.2 Mode shape coefficients for Master slave joints
Joint Mode
#
#
29
1
34
1
44
1
47
1
49
1
53
1
56
1

x-axis
y-axis
0.00177 -0.0023
0.00177 -0.00235
0.001 -0.00005
0.00062 0.00239
0.00062 -0.00041
0.00023
0.0024
0.00023 0.00228

z-axis
-0.07244
-0.07052
-0.07129
-0.07244
-0.07168
-0.07168
-0.07052

x-rotation
-0.0006652
-0.0006457
-0.0006252
-0.0006649
-0.0006095
-0.0006561
-0.0006459

y-rotation
-0.0000009
-0.0000009
-0.0000009
-0.0000009
-0.0000009
-0.0000009
-0.0000009

z-rotation
-0.0000249
-0.0000089
-0.0000085
0.0000028
-0.0000146
0.0000064
-0.0000093

220
225
235
238
240
244
247

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.00547 -0.00432
0.00547 -0.00441
0.00293 -0.0001
0.00166 0.00448
0.00166 -0.00075
0.00039
0.0045
0.00039 0.00429

-0.21437
-0.20801
-0.21056
-0.21437
-0.21183
-0.21183
-0.20801

-0.0008675
-0.0008385
-0.0008168
-0.0008672
-0.0008001
-0.0008545
-0.0008387

-0.0000030
-0.0000030
-0.0000030
-0.0000030
-0.0000030
-0.0000030
-0.0000030

-0.0000325
-0.0000141
-0.0000110
0.0000033
-0.0000173
0.0000087
-0.0000094

410
415
425
428
430
434
437

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.00981 -0.00597
0.00981 -0.0061
0.0051 -0.00014
0.00274
0.0062
0.00274 -0.00101
0.00038 0.00621
0.00038 0.00593

-0.37404
-0.36224
-0.36696
-0.37404
-0.36932
-0.36932
-0.36224

-0.0008932
-0.0008615
-0.0008397
-0.0008929
-0.0008232
-0.0008791
-0.0008617

-0.0000057
-0.0000057
-0.0000057
-0.0000057
-0.0000057
-0.0000057
-0.0000057

-0.0000342
-0.0000154
-0.0000114
0.0000037
-0.0000176
0.0000095
-0.0000089

600
605
615
618
620
624
627

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.01417 -0.00725
0.01417 -0.00741
0.00723 -0.00017
0.00376 0.00753
0.00376 -0.0012
0.00029 0.00754
0.00029
0.0072

-0.52997
-0.51261
-0.51955
-0.52997
-0.52302
-0.52302
-0.51261

-0.0008375
-0.0008067
-0.0007865
-0.0008372
-0.0007718
-0.0008239
-0.0008069

-0.0000083
-0.0000083
-0.0000083
-0.0000083
-0.0000083
-0.0000083
-0.0000083

-0.0000324
-0.0000152
-0.0000108
0.0000034
-0.0000166
0.0000090
-0.0000079

790
795
805
808
810
814
817

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.0182
0.0182
0.00919
0.00468
0.00468
0.00018
0.00018

-0.67143
-0.6489
-0.65791
-0.67143
-0.66242
-0.66242
-0.6489

-0.0007366
-0.0007090
-0.0006911
-0.0007363
-0.0006787
-0.0007245
-0.0007092

-0.0000108
-0.0000108
-0.0000108
-0.0000108
-0.0000108
-0.0000108
-0.0000108

-0.0000288
-0.0000138
-0.0000096
0.0000028
-0.0000149
0.0000078
-0.0000068

-0.00818
-0.00836
-0.00019
0.00849
-0.00132
0.0085
0.00812

- 31 -

980
985
995
998
1000
1004
1007

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.0217 -0.0088
0.0217
-0.009
0.01089 -0.0002
0.00548 0.00914
0.00548 -0.00138
0.00008 0.00915
0.00008 0.00874

-0.79194
-0.76492
-0.77573
-0.79194
-0.78113
-0.78113
-0.76492

-0.0006065
-0.0005833
-0.0005684
-0.0006063
-0.0005588
-0.0005964
-0.0005834

-0.0000130
-0.0000130
-0.0000130
-0.0000130
-0.0000130
-0.0000130
-0.0000130

-0.0000240
-0.0000119
-0.0000081
0.0000021
-0.0000125
0.0000063
-0.0000054

1170
1175
1185
1188
1190
1194
1197

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.02455
0.02455
0.01228
0.00614
0.00614
0.00001
0.00001

-0.00918
-0.00938
-0.00021
0.00953
-0.00141
0.00953
0.00911

-0.88735
-0.85668
-0.86895
-0.88735
-0.87508
-0.87508
-0.85668

-0.0004597
-0.0004415
-0.0004293
-0.0004595
-0.0004225
-0.0004518
-0.0004416

-0.0000147
-0.0000147
-0.0000147
-0.0000147
-0.0000147
-0.0000147
-0.0000147

-0.0000186
-0.0000095
-0.0000063
0.0000014
-0.0000101
0.0000046
-0.0000041

1360
1365
1375
1378
1380
1384
1387

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.02669
0.02669
0.01332
0.00663
0.00663
-0.00006
-0.00006

-0.00937
-0.00958
-0.00022
0.00973
-0.00141
0.00973
0.0093

-0.95587
-0.92243
-0.93581
-0.95587
-0.94249
-0.94249
-0.92243

-0.0003094
-0.0002960
-0.0002906
-0.0003093
-0.0002880
-0.0003038
-0.0002961

-0.0000160
-0.0000160
-0.0000160
-0.0000160
-0.0000160
-0.0000160
-0.0000160

-0.0000125
-0.0000078
-0.0000045
0.0000002
-0.0000063
0.0000026
-0.0000019

1550
1555
1565
1568
1570
1574
1577

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.02821
0.02821
0.01403
0.00694
0.00694
-0.00015
-0.00015

-0.00944
-0.00965
-0.00022
0.00981
-0.00141
0.0098
0.00937

-1
-0.96454
-0.97873
-1
-0.98582
-0.98582
-0.96454

-0.0002053
-0.0001953
-0.0001788
-0.0002051
-0.0001743
-0.0002011
-0.0001954

-0.0000170
-0.0000170
-0.0000170
-0.0000170
-0.0000170
-0.0000170
-0.0000170

-0.0000106
-0.0000039
-0.0000028
0.0000022
-0.0000084
0.0000034
-0.0000028

29
34
44
47
49
53
56

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.07292 0.00237
0.07292 -0.0023
0.07393 -0.00041
0.07444 0.00226
0.07444 0.00011
0.07495 0.00234
0.07495 -0.00235

0.00249 0.0000153
-0.00006 0.0000069
0.00096 0.0000082
0.00249 0.0000317
0.00147 0.0000033
0.00147 0.0000224
-0.00006 -0.0000095

0.0000012
0.0000012
0.0000012
0.0000012
0.0000012
0.0000012
0.0000012

-0.0006623
-0.0006626
-0.0006174
-0.0006777
-0.0006264
-0.0006848
-0.0006823

220
225
235
238
240
244
247

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.21276 0.00445
0.21276 -0.00431
0.216 -0.00077
0.21762 0.00423
0.21762 0.00021
0.21923 0.00437
0.21923 -0.00441

0.00762 0.0000227
-0.00047 0.0000060
0.00277 0.0000103
0.00762 0.0000412
0.00438 0.0000057
0.00438 0.0000275
-0.00047 -0.0000126

0.0000039
0.0000039
0.0000039
0.0000039
0.0000039
0.0000039
0.0000039

-0.0008478
-0.0008481
-0.0007987
-0.0008695
-0.0008101
-0.0008790
-0.0008762

410

0.36806

0.0000070

-0.0008644

0.00614

0.01354

- 32 -

0.0000241

415
425
428
430
434
437

2
2
2
2
2
2

0.36806 -0.00595
0.37393 -0.00106
0.37687 0.00584
0.37687
0.0003
0.37981 0.00603
0.37981 -0.00609

-0.00114 0.0000050
0.00473 0.0000103
0.01354 0.0000428
0.00767 0.0000057
0.00767 0.0000278
-0.00114 -0.0000138

0.0000070
0.0000070
0.0000070
0.0000070
0.0000070
0.0000070

-0.0008647
-0.0008150
-0.0008877
-0.0008269
-0.0008977
-0.0008948

600
605
615
618
620
624
627

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.51859 0.00744
0.51859 -0.00721
0.52712 -0.00127
0.53138 0.00708
0.53138 0.00037
0.53565
0.0073
0.53565 -0.00738

0.01939 0.0000230
-0.00194 0.0000039
0.00659 0.0000094
0.01939 0.0000401
0.01086 0.0000051
0.01086 0.0000255
-0.00194 -0.0000133

0.0000102
0.0000102
0.0000102
0.0000102
0.0000102
0.0000102
0.0000102

-0.0008057
-0.0008060
-0.0007602
-0.0008280
-0.0007714
-0.0008376
-0.0008349

790
795
805
808
810
814
817

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.6545 0.00839
0.6545 -0.00813
0.66549 -0.00143
0.67098 0.00797
0.67098 0.00043
0.67648 0.00821
0.67648 -0.00831

0.02471 0.0000204
-0.00276 0.0000028
0.00823 0.0000080
0.02471 0.0000352
0.01372 0.0000040
0.01372 0.0000218
-0.00276 -0.0000121

0.0000132
0.0000132
0.0000132
0.0000132
0.0000132
0.0000132
0.0000132

-0.0007059
-0.0007061
-0.0006659
-0.0007258
-0.0006758
-0.0007343
-0.0007320

980
985
995
998
1000
1004
1007

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.76986 0.00902
0.76986 -0.00874
0.78297 -0.00153
0.78953 0.00857
0.78953 0.00047
0.79608 0.00882
0.79608 -0.00894

0.02924 0.0000169
-0.00354 0.0000017
0.00957 0.0000063
0.02924 0.0000288
0.01613 0.0000028
0.01613 0.0000172
-0.00354 -0.0000103

0.0000157
0.0000157
0.0000157
0.0000157
0.0000157
0.0000157
0.0000157

-0.0005789
-0.0005791
-0.0005462
-0.0005955
-0.0005543
-0.0006027
-0.0006007

1170
1175
1185
1188
1190
1194
1197

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.86074
0.0094
0.86074 -0.00911
0.87557 -0.00159
0.88299 0.00893
0.88299
0.0005
0.8904 0.00918
0.8904 -0.00931

0.03282 0.0000128
-0.00425 0.0000006
0.01058 0.0000044
0.03282 0.0000217
0.01799 0.0000014
0.01799 0.0000123
-0.00425 -0.0000083

0.0000178
0.0000178
0.0000178
0.0000178
0.0000178
0.0000178
0.0000178

-0.0004360
-0.0004362
-0.0004105
-0.0004489
-0.0004167
-0.0004545
-0.0004530

1360
1365
1375
1378
1380
1384
1387

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

0.92537 0.00959
0.92537 -0.00929
0.94148 -0.00162
0.94954 0.00912
0.94954 0.00052
0.95759 0.00936
0.95759 -0.0095

0.03539 0.0000095
-0.00489 -0.0000012
0.01122 0.0000025
0.03539 0.0000140
0.01928 0.0000012
0.01928 0.0000071
-0.00489 -0.0000058

0.0000193
0.0000193
0.0000193
0.0000193
0.0000193
0.0000193
0.0000193

-0.0002883
-0.0002884
-0.0002756
-0.0002976
-0.0002794
-0.0003014
-0.0003006

1550
1555
1565

2
2
2

0.96595 0.00966
0.96595 -0.00936
0.98297 -0.00163

0.03709
-0.00547
0.01155

0.0000204
0.0000204
0.0000204

-0.0001872
-0.0001873
-0.0001613

- 33 -

0.0000049
0.0000002
0.0000014

1568
1570
1574
1577

2
2
2
2

0.99149 0.00918
0.99149 0.00053
1 0.00942
1 -0.00957

0.03709 0.0000111
0.02007 -0.0000042
0.02007 0.0000040
-0.00547 -0.0000061

0.0000204
0.0000204
0.0000204
0.0000204

-0.0001940
-0.0001652
-0.0001974
-0.0001961

29
34
44
47
49
53
56
57

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.05381 0.00068
-0.05381 -0.00044
0.00336 -0.00003
0.03194 -0.00135
0.03194 0.00013
0.06052 0.00136
0.06052 0.00021
-0.05381 0.01848

0.07502 0.0006895
-0.0679 -0.0006235
-0.01073 -0.0000937
0.07502 0.0006871
0.01785 0.0001481
0.01785 0.0001697
-0.0679 -0.0006242
0.07017 0.0004234

0.0000685
0.0000685
0.0000685
0.0000685
0.0000685
0.0000685
0.0000685
0.0000685

0.0004976
0.0004968
-0.0000284
-0.0002996
-0.0002685
-0.0005556
-0.0005590
0.0001155

220
225
235
238
240
244
247

3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.15722 0.00128
-0.15722 -0.00083
0.01005 -0.00005
0.09369 -0.00254
0.09369 0.00025
0.17732 0.00255
0.17732
0.0004

0.21977 0.0008859
-0.1984 -0.0007983
-0.03113 -0.0001194
0.21977 0.0008832
0.0525 0.0001933
0.0525 0.0002181
-0.1984 -0.0007991

0.0002004
0.0002004
0.0002004
0.0002004
0.0002004
0.0002004
0.0002004

0.0006365
0.0006356
-0.0000380
-0.0003846
-0.0003486
-0.0007140
-0.0007179

410
415
425
428
430
434
437

3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.27208 0.00177
-0.27208 -0.00114
0.01765 -0.00007
0.16252 -0.0035
0.16252 0.00034
0.30739 0.00351
0.30739 0.00055

0.38096 0.0009045
-0.34337 -0.0008135
-0.05364 -0.0001210
0.38096 0.0009017
0.09123 0.0001977
0.09123 0.0002231
-0.34337 -0.0008144

0.0003471
0.0003471
0.0003471
0.0003471
0.0003471
0.0003471
0.0003471

0.0006486
0.0006476
-0.0000394
-0.0003929
-0.0003561
-0.0007291
-0.0007329

600
605
615
618
620
624
627

3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.38332 0.00215
-0.38332 -0.00138
0.02511 -0.00008
0.22933 -0.00425
0.22933 0.00041
0.43354 0.00425
0.43354 0.00067

0.53729 0.0008428
-0.48378 -0.0007572
-0.07535 -0.0001122
0.53729 0.0008403
0.12886 0.0001844
0.12886 0.0002079
-0.48378 -0.0007580

0.0004893
0.0004893
0.0004893
0.0004893
0.0004893
0.0004893
0.0004893

0.0006036
0.0006027
-0.0000370
-0.0003661
-0.0003319
-0.0006795
-0.0006829

790
795
805
808
810
814
817

3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.48359 0.00242
-0.48359 -0.00156
0.0319 -0.00009
0.28964 -0.00478
0.28964 0.00046
0.54739 0.00478
0.54739 0.00075

0.67836 0.0007373
-0.61036 -0.0006618
-0.09487 -0.0000978
0.67836 0.0007351
0.16287 0.0001613
0.16287 0.0001818
-0.61036 -0.0006625

0.0006176
0.0006176
0.0006176
0.0006176
0.0006176
0.0006176
0.0006176

0.0005275
0.0005267
-0.0000326
-0.0003203
-0.0002902
-0.0005944
-0.0005974

980
985
995

3
3
3

-0.56848
0.0026
-0.56848 -0.00167
0.03768 -0.0001

0.79788 0.0006031
-0.71753 -0.0005409
-0.11136 -0.0000797

0.0007263
0.0007263
0.0007263

0.0004310
0.0004303
-0.0000269

- 34 -

998
1000
1004
1007

3
3
3
3

0.34076 -0.00514
0.34076 0.00049
0.64384 0.00513
0.64384
0.0008

1170
1175
1185
1188
1190
1194
1197
1360
1365
1375
1378
1380
1384
1387

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.63511
-0.63511
0.04226
0.38095
0.38095
0.71964
0.71964
-0.68221
-0.68221
0.04556
0.40945
0.40945
0.77333
0.77333

1550
1555
1565
1568
1570
1574
1577

3
3
3
3
3
3
3

-0.71156 0.00279
-0.71156 -0.00179
0.04772 -0.0001
0.42736 -0.0055
0.42736 0.00052
0.807 0.00548
0.807 0.00086

0.00271
-0.00174
-0.0001
-0.00536
0.00051
0.00534
0.00084
0.00277
-0.00178
-0.0001
-0.00546
0.00052
0.00544
0.00085

0.79788 0.0006013
0.19172 0.0001319
0.19172 0.0001486
-0.71753 -0.0005415

0.0007263
0.0007263
0.0007263
0.0007263

-0.0002619
-0.0002373
-0.0004863
-0.0004886

0.89179
-0.80165
-0.12427
0.89179
0.21442
0.21442
-0.80165
0.95831
-0.86112
-0.13335
0.95831
0.23054
0.23054
-0.86112

0.0004524
-0.0004053
-0.0000593
0.0004512
0.0000985
0.0001113
-0.0004057
0.0002977
-0.0002657
-0.0000388
0.0002971
0.0000662
0.0000731
-0.0002659

0.0008116
0.0008116
0.0008116
0.0008116
0.0008116
0.0008116
0.0008116
0.0008720
0.0008720
0.0008720
0.0008720
0.0008720
0.0008720
0.0008720

0.0003228
0.0003224
-0.0000203
-0.0001965
-0.0001775
-0.0003649
-0.0003665
0.0002113
0.0002110
-0.0000140
-0.0001291
-0.0001184
-0.0002402
-0.0002410

1 0.0001934
-0.89821 -0.0001719
-0.13892 -0.0000230
1 0.0001926
0.24072 0.0000366
0.24072 0.0000470
-0.89821 -0.0001722

0.0009097
0.0009097
0.0009097
0.0009097
0.0009097
0.0009097
0.0009097

0.0001372
0.0001368
-0.0000084
-0.0000847
-0.0000685
-0.0001562
-0.0001570

4.7 MEMBER END FORCES

The axial forces, shear forces, bending moments and twisting moments obtained
for the Ground floor columns are given in Table 4.3. The same are illustrated in Fig. 4.10
to 4.13 The member end forces for different columns (central, edge, corners) considering
Ordinary moment resisting frame (OMRF, R=3) & special moment resisting frame
(SMRF, R=5) are given in Table 4.4 to 4.15 for different cases.

4.8 DISPLACEMENTS
The maximum displacements in column joints at various floors are shown in Figs
4.14 for the L- shaped building without considering torsion effects; with are regarded to
torsion effects the increased values are shown in Fig. 4.15. The relative displacements in

- 35 -

beams (edge) compared to that of columns is shown in Fig. 4.16 & 4.17 respectively. It is
observed that the max. Displacements are within the allowable limit 0.004H prescribed by
the IS code (1893-2002).

4.9 MOMENTS AND STRESSES IN THE FLAT SLAB

The contours for bending moments, twisting moments and stresses in flat slab of
Ground floor are shown in Fig. 4.18 to 4.22. The magnitudes are differentiated by
different coloures in the Figures.

Table 4.3 MEMBER END FORCES

MEMBER LOAD JT

5
6

5
6

5
6

5
6

5
6

5
6

1
29
1
29
2
30
2
30
3
31
3
31
4
32
4
32
5
33
5
33
6
34
6

AXIAL

SHEAR- SHEARY
Z
TORSION MOM-Y

MOM-Z

KN

KN

KN.M

4366.64
-3170.55
2590.62
-2505.57
6368.84
-6233.81
6354.63
-6269.58
6305.51
-6189.21
6279.09
-6194.04
6305.06
-6188.72
6297.23
-6212.18
6380.12
-6224.18
6330.97
-6245.92
4351.6
-3190.86
5030.56

KN

97.66
262.54
520.39
-520.39
229.44
226.09
746.66
-746.66
224.82
228.7
740.44
-740.44
227.4
225.9
743.53
-743.53
224.69
230.31
743.13
-743.13
261.3
98.38
685.13

- 36 -

97.95
-62.35
38.78
-38.78
159.3
-141.12
138.76
-138.76
157.65
-142.64
145.56
-145.56
155.74
-144.44
153.58
-153.58
155.34
-144.97
159.44
-159.44
91.19
-68.89
117.83

KN.M
1.69
1.6
-8.44
8.44
1.25
1.15
-4.68
4.68
1.22
1.2
-4.61
4.61
1.18
1.23
-4.52
4.52
1.13
1.26
-4.51
4.51
1.68
1.76
-8.38

KN.M
-49.92
-203.32
33.47
-196.34
-159.38
-425.15
-134.57
-448.23
-164.4
-428.16
-174.39
-436.97
-167.66
-424.84
-214.69
-430.36
-167.13
-421.98
-251.57
-418.09
-75.04
-200.46
-229.06

759.92
-99.72
2609.14
-423.5
938.26
62.67
2915.95
220
934.61
48.99
2912
197.84
939.58
54.99
2918.41
204.43
936.97
44.37
2918.07
203.09
984.64
363.89
2837.23

5
6

5
6

5
6

10

5
6

11

5
6

12

5
6

13

5
6

14

5
6

15

5
6

16

34 -4945.51
7 6780.98
35 -5844.67
7 5421.65
35
-5336.6
8 10715.89
36 10601.16
8 10731.22
36 10646.17
9 10641.2
37 10545.57
9 10634.63
37 10549.58
10 10639.32
38 -10546.9
10 10637.2
38 10552.15
11 10714.82
39 10602.29
11 10671.08
39 10586.03
12 6781.77
40 -5844.54
12 7290.36
40 -7205.31
13 6750.84
41 -5824.39
13 5382.71
41 -5297.66
14 10637.85
42 10526.02
14 10650.17
42 10565.12
15 10536.29
43 10438.22
15 10536.61
43 10451.56
16 10499.42
44
-

-685.13
18.71
324.37
429.15
-429.15
211.63

-117.83
10.16
19.34
-33.99
33.99
5.6

8.38
1.18
1.25
-5.14
5.14
1.4

-265.85
60.13
23.72
128.98
13.79
51.92

40.32
656.04
-276.77
2523.76
-721.31
914.85

204.58
696.39

16.76
-21.5

1.42
-5.61

22.18
79.77

82.24
2881.65

-696.39
205.02

21.5
2.97

5.61
1.48

10.54
46.23

43.19
908.43

209.29
687.9

14.72
-11.19

1.5
-5.71

18.32
35.12

65.29
2873.39

-687.9
207.98
206.22
690.94

11.19
1.34
12.76
-1.65

5.71
1.47
1.53
-5.67

11.87
42.77
17.29
-7

15.8
914.02
72.28
2879.25

-690.94
203.21

1.65
0.8

5.67
1.4

13.92
41.81

22.71
909.13

212.64
688.1

11.21
8.15

1.45
-5.47

20.81
-49.06

53.17
2876.46

-688.1
323.23
19.46
733.76
-733.76
21.45
326.03
438.42
-438.42
213.52

-8.15
3.61
12.17
20.63
-20.63
20.53
10.24
-26
26
20.65

5.47
1.24
1.19
-4.9
4.9
1.24
1.23
-5.17
5.17
1.38

14.84
44.94
20.92
-95.87
9.22
50.16
-4.42
120.03
-10.82
34.17

13.58
1068.89
590.12
2937.03
144.74
660.89
-279.37
2567.74
-726.39
918.45

206.48
705.67

1.69
-6.15

1.45
-5.64

-23.33
61.45

80.69
2925.4

-705.67
206.94

6.15
14.58

5.64
1.52

-35.63
33.1

38.43
912.09

210.71
696.27

3
1.25

1.52
-5.65

-17.54
20.4

64.58
2915.24

-696.27
209.56
207.38

-1.25
9.3
5

5.65
1.54
1.59

-25.64
34.78
-7.71

9.07
917.31
71.87

- 37 -

17

18

16

44
17

45
17

5
6

19

5
6

20

5
6

21

5
6

22

50
22
50
23

51
23

6
23

24

5
6

25

5
6

26

5
6

27

45
18
46
18
46
19
47
19
47
20
48
20
48
21
49
21
49
22

51
24
52
24
52
25
53
25
53
26
54
26
54
27

10407.03
10494.58
10409.53
10579.71
10467.16
10538.79
10453.74
6691.44
-5779.41
7209.58
-7124.53
4363.65
-3193.38
2645.84
-2560.79
6409.14
-6281.53
6427.86
-6342.81
8850.82
-8545.37
8991.27
-8906.22
10644.96
10551.19
10641.05
-10556
10692.56
10579.17
10649.39
10564.34
6770.52
-5842.45
7318.89
-7233.84
4373.68
-3248.98
2648.29
-2563.24
6375.7
-6229.35
6376.04
-6290.99
6370.28

697.83

5.95

-5.74

-14.95

2918.48

-697.83
204.31

-5.95
8.02

5.74
1.46

-10.05
34.12

12.42
912.02

214.6
694.29

3.89
14.96

1.5
-5.55

-2.06
-55.76

50.79
2914.5

-694.29
324.03
22.08
738.09
-738.09
104.53
270.21
552.03
-552.03
237.68
233.07
787.34
-787.34
156.52
291.23
678.84
-678.84
216.29

-14.96
7.8
8.61
24.5
-24.5
-72.42
88.83
-87.99
87.99
-138.64
159.03
-163.33
163.33
-48.31
79.26
-85.94
85.94
10.55

5.55
1.23
1.24
-4.78
4.78
1.69
2
-3.73
3.73
1.22
1.39
-6.17
6.17
1.26
1.2
-4.57
4.57
1.41

-7.07
40.98
9.56
-97.53
-5.38
155.6
234.58
202.4
167.15
244.56
431.43
271.72
414.25
136.92
197.3
136.77
224.17
34.91

1.52
1071.49
584.56
2972.38
127.61
772.62
-114.1
2750.97
-432.44
952.05
74.84
3066.77
240.04
846.76
-137.38
2922.59
-71.48
928.2

208.33
712.22
-712.22
208.62

3.39
8.16
-8.16
9.61

1.5
-5.21
5.21
1.39

-13.34
-15.24
-19.01
34.37

75.52
2966.19
25.13
919.81

218.31
706.09

2.55
16.05

1.46
-5.2

-8.62
-54.69

47.13
2958.43

-706.09
328.76
25.33
748.68
-748.68
114.23
268.85
559.37
-559.37
244.21
232.39
791.89
-791.89
235.54

-16.05
10.05
6.86
25.82
-25.82
-78.25
85.69
-67.68
67.68
-145.73
159.09
-151.83
151.83
-148.13

5.2
1.19
1.31
-4.58
4.58
1.78
1.62
-0.72
0.72
1.28
1.39
-5.05
5.05
1.36

-12.71
40.13
2.41
-95.69
-12.75
146.66
240.98
110.91
173.33
243.39
433.94
199.38
438.28
240.35

7.14
1080.03
578.41
3014.85
129.62
792.47
-109.3
2782.42
-433.07
967.97
84.31
3097.43
228.5
958.32

- 38 -

6
28

5
6

55
27
55
28
56
28
56

-6250.91
6290.51
-6205.46
4380.75
-3180.81
5023.48
-4938.43

241.23
783.04
-783.04
273.15
109.71
716.48
-716.48

156.73
-140.26
140.26
-73.96
90.88
-81.93
81.93

Due to large size input data such as member (Column) forces

are skip the input data for minimizing the information

- 39 -

1.33
-5.02
5.02
1.72
1.73
-1
1

443.32
154.67
434.44
156.1
234.74
51.76
292.35

57.57
3087.05
201.72
1008.14
343.17
2994.79
14.42

Table 4.4 Column forces, moments in X & Y direction , twisting moments &
reinforcement for Zone II, Type-I soil, OMRF, R=3
Column Groups

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
444
443
1022
452
472
473

2719
944
942
2207
963
1020
1021

4190
1430
1426
3397
1458
1574
1576

5662
1905
1900
4589
1943
2136
2139

7132
2369
2363
5784
2415
2702
2706

8603
2826
2819
6984
2879
3269
3273

10073
3277
3269
8187
3333
3833
3838

11541
3811
3861
9641
3944
4393
4396

13008
4336
4384
11004
4554
5113
5003

Mx

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19

0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19

0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20

0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18

0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13

0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001

0.068
0.068
0.068
0.068
0.068
0.068
0.068

My

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

3.0
457
454
404
502
471
477

3.0
236
260
264
290
281
285

3.0
277
276
276
305
302
304

3.0
260
259
267
285
290
294

3.0
254
255
260
278
290
292

3.25
244
243
259
263
287
287

1.0
240
306
166
293
274
277

102
265
315
148
354
359
298

0.85
192
173
111
255
286
214

Mz

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

135
386
382
227
377
547
545

194
254
252
132
250
396
395

235
223
221
76
218
460
459

256
178
176
57
174
455
454

266
146
144
72
139
453
426

264
97
95
73
104
441
440

281
119
120
158
102
433
441

342
220
221
226
164
604
542

492
385
383
451
378
589
563

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

639
4787
4732
1537
5016
5977
6028

1393
920
869
1131
1037
1868
1871

2148
733
731
1741
748
1297
1299

2903
976
973
2352
996
1095
1096

3655
114
1211
2964
1238
1385
1387

4409
1448
1445
3579
1475
1675
1678

5162
1679
1675
4196
1709
1965
1967

5915
1953
1979
4941
2021
2251
2253

7776
2222
2247
5639
2334
2621
2564

Forces

Steel
area

- 40 -

% of
Steel

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17%
0.60%
0.60%
0.22%
0.62%
0.78%
0.78%

0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.39%
0.17%
0.17%
0.3%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.39%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.22%
0.22%
0.45%
0.22%
0.22%
0.22%

Table 4.5 for Zone II, Type- II soil, OMRF, R=3

- 41 -

0.67%
0.22%
0.22%
0.56%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%

0.78%
0.28%
0.28%
0.62%
0.28%
0.28%
0.28%

0.97%
0.28%
0.28%
0.73%
0.3%
0.35%
0.35%

Column Groups

9thfloo 8thfloo 7thfloo 6thfloo 5thfloo 4thfloo 3rdfloo 2ndfloor 1stfloor

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
440
438
1023
447
478
478

2719
931
928
2208
851
1033
1035

4191
1404
1400
3398
1434
1600
1602

5661
1863
1858
4593
1903
2177
2181

7132
2310
2303
5291
2358
2761
2766

8602
2746
2739
6993
2802
3348
3353

10072
3176
3169
8198
3237
3933
3939

11541
3691
3741
9656
3828
4512
4516

13007
4201
4250
11021
4423
5248
5138

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24

0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24

0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25

0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27

0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26

0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24

0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17

0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019
0.019

0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

3.0
454
451
410
501
481
481

3.0
259
256
270
287
284
289

3.0
272
271
283
302
306
310

3.0
253
253
275
281
296
301

3.0
248
249
269
268
296
298

3.3
239
236
268
257
295
295

1.2
232
299
229
287
282
284

1.3
258
309
156
348
364
305

0.86
88
168
115
251
291
218

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

183
363
360
215
357
574
573

264
247
245
101
243
451
449

319
202
200
113
197
521
520

347
144
142
157
140
521
519

361
101
99
177
93
444
517

359
42
39
178
48
504
502

382
63
63
269
46
502
510

464
182
183
357
126
698
637

670
555
558
631
547
258
733

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

640
4574
4520
1201
4823
6195
6248

1393
859
856
1132
974
2235
2239

2148
720
717
1742
735
1785
1788

2901
955
952
2354
975
1116
1118

3655
1184
1180
2968
1208
1415
1417

4409
1407
1404
3584
1436
1716
1716

512
1628
1624
4202
1659
2016
2019

5914
1892
1917
4949
1962
2313
2314

9072
2153
2178
5648
2267
2289
2633

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17% 0.22% 0.28%

0.6% 0.17% 0.17%
0.6% 0.17% 0.17%
0.17% 0.17% 0.22%
0.6% 0.17% 0.17%
0.78% 0.28% 0.22%
0.78% 0.28% 0.22%

0.4%
0.17%
0.17%
0.3%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.46% 0.56% 0.67% 0.78%

0.17% 0.22% 0.22% 0.28%
0.17% 0.22% 0.22% 0.28%
0.4% 0.45% 0.56% 0.61%
0.17% 0.22% 0.22% 0.28%
0.22% 0.22% 0.28% 0.3%
0.22% 0.22% 0.28% 0.3%

Forces

My

Steel
area

% of
Steel

- 42 -

1.17%
0.28%
0.28%
0.73%
0.3%
0.34%
0.34%

Table 4.6 for Zone II, Type-III soil, OMRF, R=3

Column Groups

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor

2ndfloor

1stfloor

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
435
433
1023
443
482
483

2719
919
916
2209
940
1045
1046

4190
1382
138
3400
1413
1622
1625

561
1827
1822
4596
1869
2213
2217

7132
2258
2252
5796
2309
2813
2817

8602
2678
2671
7000
2736
3417
3422

10072
3090
3083
8209
3153
4019
4025

11540
3588
3638
9668
3727
4615
4619

13007
4085
4134
11036
4310
5363
5254

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28

0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32

0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21

0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.036

0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

7.0
451
448
415
500
476
484

3.0
256
253
254
285
287
292

3.0
268
267
289
299
309
208

3.0
248
248
281
277
301
306

3.0
242
244
277
268
298
304

3.4
233
230
276
252
299
301

1.2
227
294
237
281
287
290

0.655
253
271
163
343
309
311

0.869
185
72
52
248
295
220

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

224
369
367
204
364
600
598

324
242
240
145
238
497
496

392
184
182
192
179
574
572

427
114
112
243
109
576
574

443
62
59
267
53
574
572

441
141
26
268
27
558
556

468
15
15
364
66
561
569

570
149
151
469
164
449
718

823.5
701
699
786
693
904
880

639
4392
4339
913
4641
6386
6440

1393
848
798
1132
963
2557
2612

2147
708
706
1743
724
2126
2130

2901
937
934
2355
958
1134
1136

3655
1157
1154
2970
1183
1441
1444

4409
1372
1369
3588
1402
1751
1751

5162
1584
1584
4207
1616
2060
2063

5914
1839
1865
4955
1910
2365
2367

10368
2094
2119
5656
2209
2749
2694

0.4%

0.46%

0.56% 0.7%

0.8%

1.3%

Forces

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
area A6 Column
E6 Column

Central Col. 0.17%

0.22% 0.28%

- 43 -

E1 Column
B1 Column
% of B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.56%
0.56%
0.17%
0.6%
0.79%
0.84%

0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.33%
0.34%

0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.3%
0.28%

0.17%
0.17%
0.3%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.17%
0.17%
0.4%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.22%
0.22%
0.45%
0.22%
0.22%
0.22%

0.22%
0.22%
0.56%
0.22%
0.3%
0.3%

0.3%
0.3%
0.61%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%

0.3%
0.3%
0.73%
0.3%
0.4%
0.34%

Table 4.7 for Zone V, Type-I soil, OMRF, R=3

Column For- Groups

9thfloor
ces
Central Col 1247
E1 Column 408
B1 Column 406
P
B3 Column 1023
A3 Column 418
A6 Column 509
E6 Column 510

2719
847
844
2213
872
1116
1119

4190
1244
1240
3411
1282
1759
1763

5661
1605
1599
4617
1657
2434
2440

7131
1938
1932
5830
2001
3132
3139

8601
2251
2244
7049
2323
3842
3850

10071
2553
2547
8273
2633
4555
4564

11539
2947
2997
9748
3103
5255
5263

13005
3364
3413
1127
3606
6084
5978

Central Col 0.53

E1 Column 0.53
B1 Column 0.53
M x B3 Column 0.53
A3 Column 0.53
A6 Column 0.53
E6 Column 0.53

0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53

0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57

0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62

0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45

0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14

0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12

Central Col 4.42

E1 Column 303
B1 Column 304
M y B3 Column 449
A3 Column 495
A6 Column 491
E6 Column 502

3066
236
234
306
272
306
312

3.8
242
243
327
281
329
339

3.7
217
219
326
253
331
339

3.45
206
209
325
239
335
342

3.7
1924
193
326
219
335
341

1.6
189
258
286
248
325
329

1.62
218
267
203
311
400
347

1.3
165
141
146
226
319
240

Central Col 481

E1 Column 415
B1 Column 410
M z B3 Column 179
A3 Column 407
A6 Column 753
E6 Column 749

699
299
302
546
303
788
787

844
317
321
681
325
901
898

920
366
370
780
375
921
918

775
371
374
828
380
921
918

888
359
362
830
364
893
890

1008
373
376
955
438
932
936

1226
646
653
1171
674
1289
1223

1777
1612
1607
1752
1601
1812
1790

1393
1367
1362
1134

2147
653
710
1748

2901
823
820
2366

3655
993
990
2988

4408
1154
1150
3613

5161
1309
1305
4240

9462
1510
1536
4996

18792
5689
5422
13686

Central Col 639

E1 Column 3762
B1 Column 3728
B3 Column 1730

8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

- 44 -

Stee A3 Column 4029

area A6 Column 7579
E6 Column 7645

1574
4705
4717

921
4548
4646

849
3251
3259

1026
1718
1721

1191
1969
1973

1349
2334
2339

1590
2693
2697

5175
5612
5208

Central Col 0.17%

E1 Column 0.46%
B1 Column 0.46%
% of B3 Column 0.22%
Stee A3 Column 0.5%
A6 Column 0.95%
E6 Column 0.95%

0.22%
0.22%
0.22%
0.17%
0.22%
0.6 %
0.6%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.6%
0.6%

0.4%
0.17%
0.17%
0.3%
0.17%
0.45%
0.45%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.39%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.17%
0.17%
0.45%
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%

0.67%
0.17%
0.17%
0.56%
0.17%
0.3%
0.3%

1.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.62%
0.22%
0.33%
0.34%

2.33%
0.73%
0.67%
1.7%
0.67%
0.69%
0.67%

Table 4.8 for Zone V, Type-II soil, OMRF, R=3

Column For- Groups

ces
Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
P
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

1247
389
388
1023
401
527
528

2718
799
795
2215
828
1165
1168

4189
1151
1146
3419
1195
1852
1857

5660
1456
1450
4632
1514
2583
2590

7130
1724
1717
5853
1794
3346
3355

8600
1965
1958
7081
2047
4128
4138

10069
2194
2186
8316
2283
4914
4925

11537
2516
2566
9801
2684
5685
5695

13004
2880
2928
11188
3134
6567
6464

Mx

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76

0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83

0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62

0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21

0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15

My

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

5.1
24
295
472
349
500
515

4
204
221
328
264
319
326

4.1
225
227
352
269
347
358

4.0
196
199
356
229
347
362

3.73
178
183
357
213
357
367

4.0
165
154
359
182
360
368

1.81
160
234
262
224
350
354

1.8
194
218
231
290
420
371

0.93
152
125
163
212
335
253

Mz

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

654
445
439
368
435
856
850

952
494
498
815
199
985
982

1148
536
541
1008
546
1120
1116

1251
598
603
1140
608
1153
1149

1299
346
350
1205
614
1155
1150

1293
504
509
1117
505
1118
1114

1369
619
625
1352
687
1180
1183

1667
985
993
1643
1017
1630
1563

2418
2224
2217
2401
2211
2422
2403

- 45 -

Central Col.
E1 Column
Steel B1 Column
area B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1667
3954
3918
3269
4239
8424
8498

1393
2816
2840
2620
3044
6198
6217

2147
2349
2447
1879
2673
6339
6358

2901
1827
1959
2374
2124
5121
5136

3654
1176
1254
3000
1314
3510
3519

4408
1007
1003
3629
1049
2116
2121

6709
1124
1121
4262
1170
2519
2524

13600
2321
2499
9042
3164
4953
3794

25272
12101
12077
20642
11724
12453
12257

Central Col.
E1 Column
% of B1 Column
Steel B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.22%
0.5%
0.5%
0.45%
0.56%
1.06%
1.06%

0.22%
0.39%
0.39%
0.34%
0.39%
0.78%
0.78%

0.28%
0.3%
0.34%
0.28%
0.34%
0.8%
0.8%

0.39%
0.28%
0.28%
0.3%
0.28%
0.67%
0.67%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.39%
0.17%
0.45%
0.45%

0.56%
0.17%
0.17%
0.46%
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%

0.84%
0.17%
0.17%
0.56%
0.17%
0.34%
0.34%

1.69%
0.30%
0.34%
1.12%
0.39%
0.61%
0.50%

3.15%
1.55%
1.50%
2.64%
1.45%
1.55%
1.55%

Table 4.9 for Zone V, Type-III soil, OMRF, R=3

Column For- Groups

ces
Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
P A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
374
372
1023
387
542
544

2718
757
754
2218
789
1206
1210

4189
1071
1066
3425
1119
1932
1937

5660
1327
1321
4644
1391
2711
2719

7130
1539
1532
5873
1617
3530
3540

8600
1719
1711
7109
1809
4374
7385

10069
1883
1876
8353
1982
5224
5237

11537
2145
2196
9847
2323
6056
6067

13003
2462
2511
11241
2727
6984
6883

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85

0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85

0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04

0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75

0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27

0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

5.6
285
287
492
345
508
526

4.4
211
209
346
256
329
338

4.4
210
213
374
259
361
373

4.2
178
173
380
223
370
381

4.0
162
168
385
195
376
388

4.2
147
148
388
179
381
391

2.0
141
213
290
205
345
377

2.2
174
199
254
272
438
392

0.96
140
111
178
200
349
265

1169
662

1409
723

1536
796

1595
803

1587
776

1682
831

2047
1277

2969
2751

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1st floor

Central Col. 803

E1 Column 471

- 46 -

B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

465
532
460
944
938

666
1046
668
1153
1150

729
1291
736
1309
1304

802
1451
809
1354
1348

808
1530
503
1356
1350

780
1532
785
1312
1308

838
1693
902
1394
1395

1287
2049
1312
1924
1855

2743
2959
2737
2947
2929

Central Col.
E1 Column
Stee B1 Column
area B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

2739
4084
4120
4664
4444
9143
9224

2834
4063
4078
4590
4327
7528
7554

2524
3840
3922
4793
4187
7855
7881

2901
3565
3612
3972
3816
6865
6886

3654
2980
3040
3559
3218
5121
5136

5673
2260
2250
3644
2297
3077
2865

10320
2027
2693
6849
2845
2677
2684

17737
5388
5627
13626
6191
8069
6849

31752
17415
17376
27037
17049
18612
18342

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
%of B3 Column
Stee A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.39%
0.56%
0.56%
0.60%
0.60%
1.17%
1.17%

0.39%
0.50%
0.56%
0.60%
0.56%
0.93%
0.95%

0.34%
0.50%
0.50%
0.60%
0.56%
0.99%
0.99%

0.39%
0.45%
0.45%
0.50%
0.50%
0.89%
0.89%

0.46%
0.39%
0.39%
0.45%
0.45%
0.67%
0.67%

0.73%
0.28%
0.28%
0.46%
0.39%
0.39%
0.39%

1.29%
0.28%
0.34%
0.89%
0.39%
0.34%
0.34%

1.33%
0.67%
0.70%
1.69%
0.78%
1.00%
0.89%

3.97%
2.17%
2.17%
3.39%
2.17%
2.33%
2.33%

Table 4.10 for Zone II, Type-I soil, SMRF, R=5

Column Groups

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5tfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
449
449
1022
457
467
468

2719
959
956
2206
977
1005
1006

4191
1459
1454
3394
1486
1545
1547

5662
1951
1945
4584
1987
2090
2093

7133
2436
2429
5777
2479
2636
2639

8603
2914
2907
6974
2964
3181
3185

10073
3388
3380
8173
3442
3722
3727

11541
3944
3994
9625
4074
4260
4262

13008
4485
4534
10985
4699
4964
4853

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139
0.139

0.144
0.144
0.144
0.144
0.144
0.144
0.144

0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146

0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146
0.146

0.138
0.138
0.138
0.138
0.138
0.138
0.138

0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122

0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077
0.077

0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022

0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059
0.059

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column

2.9
461
457
397
503

2.7
267
264
257
292

2.9
282
281
268
309

2.95
266
265
257
290

2.8
262
262
250
284

3.2
254
250
248
269

1.03
247
314
210
300

1.13
272
323
140
360

0.85
196
178
105
259

Forces

- 47 -

A6 Column 468
E6 Column 474

277
281

296
299

284
287

283
284

279
279

267
269

352
291

281
210

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

81
418
414
259
409
515
514

116
261
259
167
257
336
335

141
246
245
136
242
392
392

153
216
215
100
213
384
383

160
197
195
69
190
348
381

159
160
159
59
159
372
359

169
198
197
36
164
356
365

205
262
262
80
205
497
438

295
212
210
251
220
401
375

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
area A6 Column
E6 Column

639
5030
4974
1922
5239
5754
5783

1394
934
932
1131
1052
1461
1463

2148
748
745
1740
761
823
824

2902
1000
997
2349
1018
1071
1072

3655
1248
1245
2961
1271
1351
1353

4409
1494
1490
3574
1519
1630
1632

5162
1736
1732
4189
1764
1908
1910

5915
2021
2047
4933
2088
2183
2184

7776
2299
2324
5630
2409
2544
2487

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
% of B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17%
0.67%
0.62%
0.28%
0.67%
0.73%
0.73%

0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.39%
0.17%
0.17%
0.30%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.47%
0.17%
0.17%
0.405
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.56%
0.22%
0.22%
0.44%
0.22%
0.22%
0.22%

0.67%
0.22%
0.22%
0.56%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%

0.78%
0.28%
0.28%
0.62%
0.28%
0.28%
0.28%

0.97%
0.30%
0.30%
0.695%
0.30%
0.34%
0.34%

Table 4.11 for Zone II, Type-II soil, SMRF, R=5

Column Groups

9t floor 8thfloor 7tfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4tfloor 3rdfloor 2nhfloor 1shfloor

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
447
445
1022
454
469
471

2719
951
948
2207
969
1013
1014

4190
1443
1439
3395
1471
1561
1563

5662
1926
1920
4587
1963
2114
2118

7133
2399
2393
5781
2445
2671
2675

8603
2866
2859
6979
2918
3228
3232

10073
3327
3320
8181
3383
3782
3787

11541
3872
3922
9633
4004
4332
4334

13008
4404
4453
10995
4621
5045
4934

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.167
0.167
0.167
0.167
0.167
0.167
0.167

0.172
0.172
0.172
0.172
0.172
0.172
0.172

0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18

0.174
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.174
0.174

0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156

0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104

0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064

Forces

- 48 -

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

6.0
458
455
400
502
470
476

2.79
264
262
261
291
279
283

2.99
278
269
272
307
299
302

3.0
262
261
263
287
287
290

2.85
258
258
249
281
287
288

3.2
249
246
254
266
283
284

1.1
243
309
216
296
217
273

1.2
268
319
144
357
356
295

0.85
194
175
108
257
284
212

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

110
401
397
233
391
532
531

158
257
255
148
253
368
368

192
234
232
104
229
429
428

209
196
194
57
192
422
422

177
169
168
17
162
420
419

216
126
124
19
133
409
408

229
157
156
102
131
397
406

279
239
240
159
183
554
494

402
298
296
359
291
503
476

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
area A6 Column
E6 Column

639
4595
4840
1730
5124
5878
5908

1394
926
875
1131
1044
1664
1667

2148
740
737
1740
754
1134
1136

2902
987
984
2351
1006
1084
1085

3655
1230
1227
2963
1253
1369
1371

4409
1469
1465
3577
1495
1655
1657

5161
1705
1702
4192
1734
1939
1941

5915
1984
2010
4937
2052
2220
2221

7776
2257
2282
5635
2368
2585
2529

Central Col
E1 Column
B1 Column
% of B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17%
0.61%
0.61%
0.22%
0.67%
0.73%
0.78%

0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.40%
0.17%
0.17%
0.30%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.40%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.22%
0.22%
0.45%
0.22%
0.22%
0.22%

0.67%
0.22%
0.22%
0.56%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%

0.78%
0.28%
0.28%
0.62%
0.28%
0.28%
0.28%

0.97%
0.28%
0.30%
0.73%
0.30%
0.34%
0.34%

Table 4.12 for Zone II, Type-III soil, SMRF, R=5

Column For- Groups

ces
Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
P B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

1247
444
443
1022
452
472
473

2719
944
941
2207
963
1020
1021

4190
1430
1426
3396
1458
1574
1576

5662
1904
1899
4588.7
1942
2136
2139

7132
2369
2363
2784
2415
2702
2706

8603
2825
2818
6984
2878
3269
3274

10072
3276
3269
8187
3333
3834
3839

11541
3810
3860
9641
3943
4394
4396

13007
4335
4384
11004
4553
5114
5004

Central Col. 0.192

E1 Column 0.192
B1 Column 0.192

0.196
0.196
0.196

0.204
0.204
0.204

0.21
0.21
0.21

0.20
0.20
0.20

0.18
0.18
0.18

0.13
0.13
0.13

0
0
0

0.068
0.068
0.068

- 49 -

M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.192
0.192
0.192
0.192

0.196
0.196
0.196
0.196

0.204
0.204
0.204
0.204

0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21

0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18

0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13

0
0
0
0

0.068
0.068
0.068
0.068

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

6.0
457
454
404
502
471
477

3.0
262
260
263
263
281
285

3.0
276
276
276
305
302
305

3.0
259
258
267
285
290
294

3.0
254
255
260
278
290
292

3.2
245
243
259
263
387
288

1.1
238
306
220
293
274
277

1.2
265
315
148
354
359
299

0.85
192
173
111
255
286
214

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

135
387
382
226
376
547
545

195
254
252
132
250
396
396

235
223
118
76
218
461
460

256
178
176
57
174
456
455

266
146
144
73
138
454
453

265
97
95
74
104
425
440

282
122
120
159
102
433
442

342
220
220
226
163
603
543

493.4
386
384
452
379
590
564

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Stee A3 Column
area A6 Column
E6 Column

639
4786
4732
1537
5016
5977
6028

1393
920
869
1131
1037
1868
1871

2148
733
731
1741
748
1297
1376

2902
976
973
2452
995
1095
1096

3655
1214
1211
2964
1238
1385
1387

4409
1448
1444
2579
1475
1676
1678

5162
1679
1675
4196
1708
1965
1967

5915
1953
1978
4941
2021
2253
2253

7776
2222
2247
5640
2334
2621
2564

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
% of B3 Column
Stee A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17%
0.60%
0.60%
0.22%
0.62%
0.78%
0.78%

0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.28%
0.285

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%

0.40%
0.17%
0.17%
0.30%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.40%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.22%
0.22%
0.45%
0.22%
0.22%
0.22%

0.67%
0.22%
0.22%
0.56%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%

0.78%
0.28%
0.28%
0.62%
0.28%
0.28%
0.28%

0.97%
0.28%
0.28%
0.73%
0.30%
0.34%
0.34%

- 50 -

Table 4.13 for Zone V, Type-I soil, SMRF, R=5

Column Groups

9thfloor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor

5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
430
428
1022
438
487
487

2719
905
902
2209
926
1059
1061

4190
1353
1348
3403
1386
1651
1654

5661
1778
1773
4601
1822
2261
2266

7131
2186
2180
5804
2239
2884
2890

8602
2580
2573
7011
2641
3514
3520

10072
2966
2959
8224
3032
4144
4150

11540
3438
3489
9687
3581
4765
4770

13007
3916
3965
44057
4145
5533
5424

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.343
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.343

0.348
0.348
0.348
0.348
0.348
0.348
0.348

0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37

0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.373
0.373
0.373
0.373
0.373
0.373
0.373

0.277
0.277
0.277
0.277
0.277
0.277
0.277

0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067

0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089
0.089

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

7.2
447
446
422
500
479
488

3.2
251
249
282
283
291
297

3.35
262
262
298
295
309
319

3.32
241
241
292
271
308
311

3.2
233
236
288
261
309
313

3.5
224
221
288
244
308
311

1.3
217
285
249
273
297
300

1.38
232
294
173
335
377
320

0.89
180
159
126
242
301
225

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

275
387
383
199
380
629
627

411
240
238
237
236
565
564

499
162
159
308
156
653
651

546
107
110
373
113
660
658

568
110
112
404
117
659
658

566
107
109
405
110
640
638

599
94
97
507
156
651
658

730
263
268
640
289
903
841

1056
923
920
1022
915
1126
1102

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
area A6 Column
E6 Column

639
4186
4134
734
4436
6613
6670

1393
835
786
1132
950
3045
3102

2147
693
691
1744
710
2728
2734

2901
911
909
2358
934
1338
1341

3655
1120
1117
2974
1148
1478
1481

4409
1322
1319
3593
1354
1801
1804

5162
1520
1516
4215
1554
2124
2127

5914
1762
1788
4965
1835
2442
2444

11664
2007
2032
5667
2124
2835
2780

0.22%
0.17%
0.17%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%

0.39%
0.17%
0.17%

0.47%
0.17%
0.17%

0.56%
0.17%
0.17%

0.67%
0.22%
0.22%

0.78%
0.22%
0.22%

1.45%
0.28%
0.28%

Forces

Central Col. 0.17%

E1 Column 0.56%
B1 Column 0.56%

- 51 -

% of B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17%
0.56%
0.84%
0.84%

0.17%
0.17%
0.39%
0.39%

0.22%
0.17%
0.39%
0.39%

0.30%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%

0.39%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.45%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%

0.62%
0.28%
0.34%
0.34%

0.73%
0.28%
0.39%
0.39%

Table 4.14 for Zone V, Type-II soil, SMRF, R=5

Column For- Groups

ces
Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
P A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

9th floor 8th floor 7thfloor

6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

1247
417
415
1023
427
499
501

2719
872
869
2211
896
1092
1094

4190
1291
1287
3408
1327
1712
1716

5667
1681
1676
4610
1730
2358
2363

7132
2048
2042
5818
2107
3022
3028

8602
2398
2391
7032
2465
3696
3703

10071
2738
2731
8251
2811
4371
4379

11539
3167
3217
9721
3317
5036
5042

13006
3612
3660
11095
3848
5837
5730

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45

0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48

0.516
0.516
0.516
0.516
0.516
0.516
0.516

0.527
0.527
0.527
0.527
0.527
0.527
0.527

0.493
0.493
0.493
0.493
0.493
0.493
0.493

0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37

0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104
0.104

0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

7.8
439
438
438
497
486
496

3.45
243
241
295
276
300
306

3.58
251
252
314
287
324
331

3.52
228
229
311
361
321
328

3.31
218
221
308
249
323
329

3.6
208
206
309
231
323
328

1.5
202
271
269
259
312
316

1.5
230
279
189
322
389
335

0.89
172
149
137
234
311
234

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

393
399
395
162
392
701
697

571
21
216
408
214
689
687

689
206
209
513
213
789
786

751
248
252
595
256
560
800

779
252
255
636
260
802
799

776
245
247
637
249
778
775

823
247
250
752
310
804
810

1001
472
478
431
499
1114
1050

1450
1299
1295
1421
1290
1501
1478

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Steel A3 Column

639
659
3643
961
3940

1393
715
668
1133
881

2147
662
659
1746
680

2901
862
859
2363
886

3655
1050
1046
2982
1080

4408
1229
1225
3604
1263

5161
1403
1399
4229
1441

7097
1623
1649
4982
1700

15552
2221
2251
9667
1972

- 52 -

area A6 Column 7180

E6 Column 7221

3903
3983

3752
3761

2330
2335

1549
1552

1894
1898

3240
2244

2581
2584

2991
2936

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
% of B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.22%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.17%
0.50%
0.50%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.47%
0.47%

0.39%
0.17%
0.17%
0.30%
0.17%
0.30%
0.30%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.39%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.17%
0.17%
0.45%
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%

0.67%
0.22%
0.22%
0.56%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%

0.89%
0.22%
0.22%
0.62%
0.22%
0.34%
0.34%

1.94%
0.28%
0.28%
1.22%
0.28%
0.39%
0.39%

0.17%
0.46%
0.47%
0.17%
0.50%
0.89%
0.89%

Table 4.15 for Zone V, Type-III soil, SMRF, R=5

Column For- Groups

ces
Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
P A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

1247
408
406
1023
418
509
510

2719
847
844
2213
872
1117
1119

4190
1243
1239
3412
1282
1760
1764

5661
1604
1598
4617
1656
2435
2441

7131
1937
1931
5830
1999
3133
3140

8601
2249
2243
7049
2322
3844
3852

10071
2552
2545
8273
2631
4557
4566

11538
2944
294
9748
3101
5258
5265

13005
3361
3410
11127
3604
6086
5980

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M x B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54

0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54

0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58

0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62

0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.64

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45

0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14

0.123
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.123
0.123

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M y B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

8.3
304
304
450
496
491
503

3.66
236
234
306
272
306
312

3.8
232
243
327
281
332
340

3.67
217
219
326
253
332
339

3.45
206
209
325
239
335
342

3.75
195
193
326
219
335
341

1.57
188
258
286
247
325
329

1.62
217
266
204
311
400
347

1.3
165
141
146
226
319
240

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
M z B3 Column
A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

482
415
410
180
407
753
749

701
300
303
547
304
790
788

846
318
323
683
327
902
899

922
368
372
782
376
923
919

957
372
376
830
382
923
919

953
360
363
832
365
894
891

1009
374
378
957
439
933
937

1229
647
654
1174
676
1290
1225

1781
1616
1611
1756
1605
1816
1794

9th floor 8thfloor 7thfloor 6thfloor 5thfloor 4thfloor 3rdfloor 2ndfloor 1stfloor

- 53 -

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
area A6 Column
E6 Column

639
3761
727
1730
4028
7603
7647

1393
1367
1400
1134
1574
4706
4719

2147
653
709
1748
920
4550
4647

2901
822
819
2366
849
3252
3260

3655
993
989
2988
1025
1718
1722

4408
1153
1149
3613
1190
1970
1974

5161
1308
1304
4240
1348
2335
2340

9462
1509
1535
4996
1589
2695
2698

18792
5685
5593
13686
5171
5615
5211

Central Col.
E1 Column
B1 Column
% of B3 Column
Steel A3 Column
A6 Column
E6 Column

0.17%
0.47%
0.47%
0.22%
0.50%
0.95%
0.95%

0.22%
0.22%
0.22%
0.17%
0.22%
0.60%
0.60%

0.28%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.17%
0.60%
0.60%

0.39%
0.17%
0.17%
0.30%
0.17%
0.45%
0.45%

0.46%
0.17%
0.17%
0.39%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%

0.56%
0.17%
0.17%
0.45%
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%

0.67%
0.17%
0.17%
0.56%
0.17%
0.30%
0.30%

1.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.62%
0.22%
0.34%
0.34%

2.33%
0.73%
0.70%
1.70%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%

- 54 -

- 55 -

- 56 -

- 57 -

- 58 -

- 59 -

- 60 -

- 61 -

- 62 -

- 63 -

- 64 -

- 65 -

- 66 -

CHAPTER-5

DISCUSSION ON RESULTS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous chapters dynamic analysis was carried out employing STAAD
Pro and manually using SP-22 and IS 1893-2002 I.S codal provisions. The basic plan of
the L-shaped building was kept same as, for easy comparison. In this thesis studies are
carried out on the variation of axial forces, twisting moment, moments in X, Y direction,
Percentage of steel and steel area of building due to variation of seismic zones (zone II,
zone V) and types of foundation soil for both OMRF and SMRF and considering type of
building as flat slab with edge beams for lateral loading in X- direction only. L-shaped
building was chosen as it as asymmetric relative to both X and Y-axis in plan.
Analytically torsion response is studied in this thesis, which is the main cause of failure
of most of the building during earthquakes. The difference in the results obtained by
manual and Staad-pro- 2006 for zone II, OMRF and type III soil have been compared.
These results have been captured along with the figures (4.5 to 4.12).

5.2 MODES OF VIBRATION OF BUILDING

In the previous chapter STAAD Pro out-put of modes shape coefficients is shown in
Table 4.2 for master-slave joints of the L-Shaped building. First few mode shapes are
captured in Figs. 4.1 to 4.9. It is observed that the first 3 mode shapes in X- direction are
shown in Figs 4.1, 4.3, & 4.5, while Fig 4.2, 4.4 & 4.6 show the first 3 mode shapes in Zdirection. All those are mainly translational modes. The dominant torsional mode is
illustrated by the top floor plan in Fig 4.9.

- 67 -

5.3 COMPARISION OF AXIAL LOADS

Tables 4.4--4.15 show the Axial loads for Central, Edge, Corner columns, Obtained
for 9 storey L-shaped building using Staad pro; for zone-II, zone-V, OMRF & SMRF in
type-II & type-III soils. These values gradually increased from Top floor to Bottom floor
by more than 10 times as seen from the Tables.

5.4 COMPARISION OF MOMENTS MY

Tables 4.4--4.15 show the Moments MY for Central, Edge, Corner Columns,
obtained for 9 storey L-shaped building using Staad pro; for zone-II, zone-V, OMRF &
SMRF in type-II & type-III soils. These moments are found to increase from Bottom
floor to Top floor by more than 2 times for all columns in general. MY moments in
Corner columns are more compared with Edge columns, MY moments are least for
Central columns.

5.5 COMPARISION OF MOMENTS MZ

Tables 4.4--4.15 show the Moments MZ for Central, Edge, Corner Columns, obtained
for 9 storey L-shaped building using Staad pro; for zone-II, zone-V, OMRF & SMRF in
type-II & type-III soils. The variation of MZ moments is similar tot that of MY moments.
However for most of the columns MZ moments are greater than MY moments.

5.6 COMPARISION OF TWISTING MOMENTS MX

Tables 4.4--4.15 show the Twisting moments for Central, Edge, Corner Columns,
obtained for 9 storey L-shaped building using Staad pro; for zone-II, zone-V, OMRF &
SMRF in type-II & type-III soils. It is observed that the MX moments for all columns at
any floor level are same. This is due to selection of Master slave joint option in STAAD
to reduce the DOFs.

- 68 -

5.7 COMPARISION OF REINFORCEMENT (% STEEL)

Tables 4.4--4.15 show the Reinforcement for Central, Edge, Corner Columns,
obtained for 9 storey L-shaped building using Staad pro; for zone-II, zone-V, OMRF &
SMRF in type-II & type-III soils. These are found to decrease from first storey to top
storey for Central columns and reverse trend is observed for Corner & Edge columns.

5.8 COMPARISION OF DISPLACEMENTS

Figures 4.14--4.17 show the Floor Displacements obtained for 9 storey L-shaped
building using Staad pro; for zone-II, zone-V, OMRF & SMRF in type-II & type-III soils.
Deflections in columns are found to be less than the permissible values as per IS 18932002 codal provisions. Eg. Max top displacement of 104.722 mm from Fig. 4.15 is less
than permissible deflection 151.2 mm. ( 0.004 H = 0.004x 37.8).

5.9 COMPARISION OF AXIAL FORCES, MOMENTS IN X-DIRECTION

WITH AND WITHOUT ACCEDENTAL TORSION
Figures 4.10 to 4.13 illustrate torsion effect on the columns (5A to 5F grid columns
which is having edge beam for easy evaluation of difference) due to accidental torsion
consideration in analytical values inputting in Staad-pro-2006 and without torsion
consideration of I S code and without torsion considering in the problem. These figures
are helpful in pictorially studying the variation in Moments due to consideration of
accidental torsion.

5.10 MOMENTS & STRESSES IN THE FLAT SLAB

Figures 4.18 to 4.22 show the variation of stresses & Bending moments in flat slab
bottom, top & local XY Direction, From this figures we can easily visualize the behavior
of the flat slab by the Moments & stress contours with different colours.

- 69 -

CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the investigations carried out on the seismic torsion response of
Asymmetrical multy storey buildings, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The 3rd, 6th & 9th modes are the dominant torsion modes while the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th
& 7th, 8th modes include mainly transitional modes 2 in X- direction & 2 in Z
direction.
2. The axial forces in columns are found to increase from top storey to Bottom storey
by more than 10 times.
3. Both MY, MZ moments in columns are observed to increase from ground floor to
top floor by more than 2 times, The Mz moments are greater than MY moments
for buildings studied.
4. The twisting moments in columns in columns are represented by MX, The
variations in maximum and minimum twisting moments is found to be more than
10 times in the building studied.
5. The reinforcements required for Central columns are found to decrease from first
storey to top storey. However for Corner and edger columns the steel requirement
is reverse.
6. The max top floor displacement for all the buildings studied are found to be less
than permissible deflections of 0.004 H, where H = total height of the building.
7. Similarly the inter storey drifts are found to be less than the permissible value of
0.004 h, where h = floor height.
8. The effect of accidental eccentricity on the variation of bending moments can be
illustrated nicely pictorially as shown in Fig. 4.12, 4.13.
9. The variation of bending moments and stresses in flat slabs can be illustrated
nicely by stress and moments contours drawn in different colours.

- 70 -

CHAPTER-7

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

In this study STAAD Pro 2006 has been used other softwares like
ETABS, ANSYS etc can be used.
In this study the effect of height of building has not been done; High-rise
Or Tall buildings (25, 30, 40 stories) can be studied for torsion effects.
Here linear analysis has been performed; Non-linear analysis can be done
for same building.
L-shaped building with exclusive flat plate (without column drops) can be
studied; instead of flat slabs in the present study.
Dynamic analysis can be carried out for asymmetric multi-storey buildings
using actual earthquake records by Time History Analysis.
Soil-Foundation structure interaction can be studied.
L-shape building with un-equal spans in both orthogonal directions for tall
Buildings can be studied (greater than 160-0 height).

- 71 -

REFERENCES:
1) Chopra, A.K., and New mark, N.M, Analysis, Design of Earthquake Resistant
structures edited by E. Rosenblneth, Pentech press, London, 1980.
2) SP: 22-1982, Explanatory Handbook in Earthquake Codes.
3) IS: 1893-1984, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, 4th
revision, ISI, New Delhi.
4) IS: 1893-2002, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, part 1:
General Provisions and Buildings, B.I.S, New Delhi.
5) Pomares Calero, H. (1995), Application of this spectral method to
estimate the torsional response in the multy storey buildings, Individual
studies by participants at the international institute of seismology and earth quake
engineering, Tokyo, v.31, pp.237-251.
6) Esteva, L. (1987), Earthquake engineering research and practice in Mexico after
1985 earthquake, bulletin of the New Zealand national society for earthquake
engineering, v.20, and pp.159-200.
7) Mitchell, D.et al., (1990),Damage to buildings due to the 1989 Loma prieta
earthquake- A Canadian code perspective, Canadian journal of civil engineering
v.17, pp. 813-834.
8) De La Liera, J.C., Chopra, A.K (1995c), A simplified model for analysis design
of asymmetric plan buildings, J.Eartquake engineering and structural Dynamics,
v.24, pp.573-594.
9) A.S Moghadam (1998), PhD thesis of Seismic torsional response of asymmetric
multy-storey frame buildings.
10) Safak, E.and Celebi,M.(1990), New techniques in record analysis: Torsional
vibration , Proceedings of fourth U.S. national conference on earthquake
engineering, Palm springs California.
11) Lu, S. and Hall, W.J (1992), Torsion in two buildings-1987 Whittier Narrows
earthquake, J.Earthquake engineering & structural Dynamics, v.21, pp.387-407.
12) Sedarat, H., Gupta, S. Werner, S.D, (1994),Torsional response characteristics of
regular buildings under different seismic excitation levels. California strong
motion instrumentation program, office of strong motion studies, California Div.
of mines Geology, Sacramento.

- 72 -

13) Bourahla, N. and Blakeborough, A.(1994),shaking table testing of torsionally

coupled knee-braced frames, proceedings of the fifth U.S national conference on
Earthquake engineering, Chicago, Illinois, Earthquake engineering research
institute, Oakland, CA, 1994, v.II,.pp.773-782.
14) Sedarat, H.and Bertero, V(1990a),Effects of torsion on the non-linear inelastic
seismic response of multy-storey structures, Proceedings of fourth U.S national
conference on earthquake engineering, Palm springs California,v.2. pp.421-430.
15) Sedarat, H.and Bertero, V (1990b),Effects of torsion on the linear & non-linear
seismic response of structures, Report No. UCB/EERC-90/12, Earthquake
engineering research centre, university of California, Berkeley, California.
16) Boroschek, R.L.,Mahin, S.A.(1992),Investigation of coupled lateral torsional
response in multy storey bulings,proceeding of 10th world conference on
earthquake engineering, 19-24 Madrid, Balkema, Rotterdam,v.7,pp.3881-3886.
17) Teramoto,T.,Yamane,T.and Ishii,M.(1992), Study on torsional response,
proceeding of 5th U.S-Japan workshop on the improvement of building structural
design and construction practices, san Diego, Claifornia,Applied technology
council, Redwood city, CA, 1994,pp 189-206.
18) Cruz, E.F. and Cominetti, S. (1992),Non-Linear response of building, A
parametric study, proceeding of 10th world conference on earthquake
engineering, Madrid, Balkema, Rotterdam, v.7, pp.3663-3666.
19) De La Liera, J.C., Chopra, A.K (1996), Inelastic behaviour of asymmetric multistorey building, J. Structural engineering, v.122, no.6, pp.597-606.
20) Bertero, R.D. and V.V Bertero (1992), Tall Reinforced Concrete Buildings:
Conceptual Earthquake-Resistant Design Methodology, Report UCB/EERC92/16, Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, and University of CaliforniaBerkeley.
21) Bertero, R.D (1995), Inelastic Torsion for Preliminary Seismic Design,
Structural Engineering, v.121, no.8, pp.1183-1189.

J.

22) De La Liera, J.C., Chopra, A.K (1995a),A New Analysis Procedure for
Accidental Torsion, ASCE,(New York), Restructuring: America and Beyond;
Proceedings of Structures Congress XIII, pp.427-430.
23) Ozaki, M., Azuhata, T., Chen, J. and Soda, S.(1988), Seismic Design for Multistorey Buildings with Eccentricity Subjected to Two-Directional Ground
Motions Proceedings of the Ninth World Conference on Earthquake engineering;
Tokyo-Kyoto, 9WCEE Organizing Committee, Japan Association for Earthquake
Disaster Prevention [Tokyo], pp.V-233-V238.

- 73 -

24) Azuhata,T. and Ozaki, M.(1992), Inelastic Seismic Response of Shear-Type

Buildings with Eccentricity, Proceedings of fifth US-Japan Workshop on the
Improvement of Building Structural Design and Construction Practices, San
Diego, California, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA,
1994,pp.227-247.
25) Duan, X.N and Chandler, A.M. (1993), Inelastic Seismic Response of Codedesigned Multi-storey Frame Buildings with Regular Asymmetry, J. Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v.22, pp.431-445.
26) Tso, W.K. (1994), Discussion on a paper by X.N.Duan and A.M. Chadler
Inelastic Seismic Response of Code-designed Multi-storey Frame Buildings with
Regular Asymmetry, J. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v.23,
pp.687-689.
27) Moghadam, A.S. and W.K. Tso. (1996b) Seismic Response of Asymmetrical RC
Ductile frame buildings. Proc. European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of
Asymmetric and set-Back Structures (editors R. Ramasco and A. Rutenberg),
Capri-Naples, Italy, pp.37-57.
28) Rutenberg, A. and De Stefano, M. (1997) On the Seismic Performance of
Yielding Asymmetric Multi-storey Buildings: A Review and a Case study Proc.
Workshop on Seismic Design Methodologies for the Next Generation of Codes,
Bled, Rotterdam: Balkema.
29) Kan, C.L. and Chopra, A.K. (1981),Torsional Coupling and Earthquake
Response of simple Elastic and Inelastic Systems Journal of Structural Division,
ASCE, v.107, pp.1569-1588.
30) Palazzo, B. and Fraternali, F. (1988), Seismic Ductility Demand in Buildings
Irregular in Plan: A New Single Story Nonlinear Model Proceedings of the 9th
World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, pp.V-43to V-48.
31) De La Liera, J.C., Chopra, A.K (1995b), Understanding the Inelastic Seismic
Behaviour of Asymmetric Plan Buildings, J. Earthquake Engineering and
Structural Dynamics, v.24, pp.549-572.
32) Moghadam, A.S. and W.K. Tso. (1996a) Damage Assessment of Eccentric
Multi-storey Buildings Using 3-D Pushover Analysis. Proc.11th World
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Mexico, Elsevier, Paper no.997.
33) Kilar, V. and P. Fajfar. (1997), Simple Push-Over Analysis of Asymmetric
Buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, v.26,
pp.233-249.

- 74 -

34) Tso, W.K. and A.S. Moghadam. (1997), Seismic Response of Buildings Using
Push-Over Analysis. Proc. Workshop on Seismic Design Methodologies for the
Next Generation of Codes Bled, Slovenia, Rotterdam: Balkema.
35) Moghadam, A.S. and W.K. Tso. (1998), Pushover Analysis for Asymmetrical
Multi-storey Buildings, Proceedings of the 6th U.S. National Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, Washington.
36) Ashok K.Jain Reinforced concrete, Limit state design 6th edition 2002,
Published by Nemchand & Bros., Roorkee.
37) IS 456-2000, Code of practice for plain & reinforced concrete.
38) IS 875 (Part-1) -1987 code of practice for design load (other than earthquake) for
buildings and Structures unit weight of buiding materials & stored materials
39) IS 875 (Part-2) -1987 code of practice for design load (other than earthquake) for
buildings and Structures Imposed (Live) loads.
40) Jack P. Mochale.,PEER,USASesimic analysis,design and review for tall
buildings in journal paper The structural design of tall &special buildings in 2006.
pages(495-513)
41) Ductility reinforcement for flat slabs in seismic areas by C.E Broms (Royal
institute of technologySweden) in magazine of concrete research journal paper
in 2006 pages (243-254).
42) M.Tech dissertation by Suresh (MES) on Seismic analysis & design of multi story
buildings-- JNTU, Hyderabad in 2006.
43) M.Tech dissertation by Shaista Begum on Torsional analysis of asymmetric
buildings-- JNTU, Hyderabad in 2007.

- 75 -

APPENDIX A
SEISMIC ANALYSIS USING STAAD.Pro
The L-Shaped building analyzed using STAAD package assuming it to be located
in zone-II on soft soil (type-III) part of Input & Output files are furnished.
****************************************************
*
*
*
STAAD.Pro
*
*
Version 2006 Bld 1002.US
*
*
Proprietary Program of
*
*
Research Engineers, Intl.
*
*
Date= FEB 5, 2009
*
*
Time= 15: 9:49
*
*
*
* USER ID:
*
****************************************************
1. STAAD SPACE TORSIONAL RESPONSE BUILDING
INPUT FILE: L_S_BStatic23.01.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. JOB NAME ASYMETRIC MULTI-STOREY BUILDING
4. JOB CLIENT JNTU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
5. JOB PART TORSIONAL BUILDING
6. ENGINEER NAME PNCHARY
7. CHECKER NAME PROF.ASTHANA
8. ENGINEER DATE 17-SEP-06
9. CHECKER DATE 05.02.07
10. END JOB INFORMATION
11. INPUT WIDTH 79
12. UNIT METER KN
13. JOINT COORDINATES
14. 1 0 0 0; 2 10.6 0 0; 3 21.2 0 0; 4 31.8 0 0; 5 42.4 0 0; 6 53 0 0; 7 0 0 10.6
15. 8 10.6 0 10.6; 9 21.2 0 10.6; 10 31.8 0 10.6; 11 42.4 0 10.6; 12 53 0 10.6
16. 13 0 0 21.2; 14 10.6 0 21.2; 15 21.2 0 21.2; 16 31.8 0 21.2; 17 42.4 0 21.2
17. 18 53 0 21.2; 19 0 0 31.8; 20 10.6 0 31.8; 21 21.2 0 31.8; 22 31.8 0 31.8
18. 23 42.4 0 31.8; 24 53 0 31.8; 25 21.2 0 42.4; 26 31.8 0 42.4; 27 42.4 0 42.4
19. 28 53 0 42.4; 29 0 4.2 0; 30 10.6 4.2 0; 31 21.2 4.2 0; 32 31.8 4.2 0
20. 33 42.4 4.2 0; 34 53 4.2 0; 35 0 4.2 10.6; 36 10.6 4.2 10.6; 37 21.2 4.2 10.6
21. 38 31.8 4.2 10.6; 39 42.4 4.2 10.6; 40 53 4.2 10.6; 41 0 4.2 21.2
22. 42 10.6 4.2 21.2; 43 21.2 4.2 21.2; 44 31.8 4.2 21.2; 45 42.4 4.2 21.2
23. 46 53 4.2 21.2; 47 0 4.2 31.8; 48 10.6 4.2 31.8; 49 21.2 4.2 31.8
24. 50 31.8 4.2 31.8; 51 42.4 4.2 31.8; 52 53 4.2 31.8; 53 21.2 4.2 42.4
25. 54 31.8 4.2 42.4; 55 42.4 4.2 42.4; 56 53 4.2 42.4; 57 0 4.2 1.76667
26. 58 1.76667 4.2 1.76667; 59 1.76667 4.2 0; 60 0 4.2 3.53333
27. 61 1.76667 4.2 3.53333; 62 0 4.2 5.3; 63 1.76667 4.2 5.3; 64 0 4.2 7.06667
28. 65 1.76667 4.2 7.06667; 66 0 4.2 8.83333; 67 1.76667 4.2 8.83333
29. 68 1.76667 4.2 10.6; 69 3.53333 4.2 1.76667; 70 3.53333 4.2 0
30. 71 3.53333 4.2 3.53333; 72 3.53333 4.2 5.3; 73 3.53333 4.2 7.06667
31. 74 3.53333 4.2 8.83333; 75 3.53333 4.2 10.6; 76 5.3 4.2 1.76667; 77 5.3 4.2 0
32. 78 5.3 4.2 3.53333; 79 5.3 4.2 5.3; 80 5.3 4.2 7.06667; 81 5.3 4.2 8.83333

- 76 -

33. 82 5.3 4.2 10.6; 83 7.06667 4.2 1.76667; 84 7.06667 4.2 0

34. 85 7.06667 4.2 3.53333; 86 7.06667 4.2 5.3; 87 7.06667 4.2 7.06667
35. 88 7.06667 4.2 8.83333; 89 7.06667 4.2 10.6; 90 8.83333 4.2 1.76667
36. 91 8.83333 4.2 0; 92 8.83333 4.2 3.53333; 93 8.83333 4.2 5.3
37. 94 8.83333 4.2 7.06667; 95 8.83333 4.2 8.83333; 96 8.83333 4.2 10.6
38. 97 10.6 4.2 1.76667; 98 10.6 4.2 3.53333; 99 10.6 4.2 5.3
39. 100 10.6 4.2 7.06667; 101 10.6 4.2 8.83333; 102 12.3667 4.2 1.76667
40. 103 12.3667 4.2 0; 104 12.3667 4.2 3.53333; 105 12.3667 4.2 5.3
41. 106 12.3667 4.2 7.06667; 107 12.3667 4.2 8.83333; 108 12.3667 4.2 10.6
42. 109 14.1333 4.2 1.76667; 110 14.1333 4.2 0; 111 14.1333 4.2 3.53333
43. 112 14.1333 4.2 5.3; 113 14.1333 4.2 7.06667; 114 14.1333 4.2 8.83333
44. 115 14.1333 4.2 10.6; 116 15.9 4.2 1.76667; 117 15.9 4.2 0
45. 118 15.9 4.2 3.53333; 119 15.9 4.2 5.3; 120 15.9 4.2 7.06667
46. 121 15.9 4.2 8.83333; 122 15.9 4.2 10.6; 123 17.6667 4.2 1.76667
47. 124 17.6667 4.2 0; 125 17.6667 4.2 3.53333; 126 17.6667 4.2 5.3
48. 127 17.6667 4.2 7.06667; 128 17.6667 4.2 8.83333; 129 17.6667 4.2 10.6
49. 130 19.4333 4.2 1.76667; 131 19.4333 4.2 0; 132 19.4333 4.2 3.53333
50. 133 19.4333 4.2 5.3; 134 19.4333 4.2 7.06667; 135 19.4333 4.2 8.83333
51. 136 19.4333 4.2 10.6; 137 21.2 4.2 1.76667; 138 21.2 4.2 3.53333
52. 139 21.2 4.2 5.3; 140 21.2 4.2 7.06667; 141 21.2 4.2 8.83333
53. 142 22.9667 4.2 1.76667; 143 22.9667 4.2 0; 144 22.9667 4.2 3.53333
54. 145 22.9667 4.2 5.3; 146 22.9667 4.2 7.06667; 147 22.9667 4.2 8.83333
55. 148 22.9667 4.2 10.6; 149 24.7333 4.2 1.76667; 150 24.7333 4.2 0
56. 151 24.7333 4.2 3.53333; 152 24.7333 4.2 5.3; 153 24.7333 4.2 7.06667
57. 154 24.7333 4.2 8.83333; 155 24.7333 4.2 10.6; 156 26.5 4.2 1.76667
58. 157 26.5 4.2 0; 158 26.5 4.2 3.53333; 159 26.5 4.2 5.3; 160 26.5 4.2 7.06667
59. 161 26.5 4.2 8.83333; 162 26.5 4.2 10.6; 163 28.1797 4.2 1.76667
60. 164 28.1797 4.2 0; 165 28.1797 4.2 3.53333; 166 28.1797 4.2 5.3
61. 167 28.1797 4.2 7.06667; 168 28.1797 4.2 8.83333; 169 28.1797 4.2 10.6
62. 170 30.0333 4.2 1.76667; 171 30.0333 4.2 0; 172 30.0333 4.2 3.53333
63. 173 30.0333 4.2 5.3; 174 30.0333 4.2 7.06667; 175 30.0333 4.2 8.83333
64. 176 30.0333 4.2 10.6; 177 31.8 4.2 1.76667; 178 31.8 4.2 3.53333
65. 179 31.8 4.2 5.3; 180 31.8 4.2 7.06667; 181 31.8 4.2 8.83333
66. 182 33.5667 4.2 1.76667; 183 33.5667 4.2 0; 184 33.5667 4.2 3.53333
67. 185 33.5667 4.2 5.3; 186 33.5667 4.2 7.06667; 187 33.5667 4.2 8.83333
68. 188 33.5667 4.2 10.6; 189 35.3333 4.2 1.76667; 190 35.3333 4.2 0
69. 191 35.3333 4.2 3.53333; 192 35.3333 4.2 5.3; 193 35.3333 4.2 7.06667
70. 194 35.3333 4.2 8.83333; 195 35.3333 4.2 10.6; 196 37.1 4.2 1.76667
71. 197 37.1 4.2 0; 198 37.1 4.2 3.53333; 199 37.1 4.2 5.3; 200 37.1 4.2 7.06667
72. 201 37.1 4.2 8.83333; 202 37.1 4.2 10.6; 203 38.8667 4.2 1.76667
73. 204 38.8667 4.2 0; 205 38.8667 4.2 3.53333; 206 38.8667 4.2 5.3
74. 207 38.8667 4.2 7.06667; 208 38.8667 4.2 8.83333; 209 38.8667 4.2 10.6
75. 210 40.6333 4.2 1.76667; 211 40.6333 4.2 0; 212 40.6333 4.2 3.53333
76. 213 40.6333 4.2 5.3; 214 40.6333 4.2 7.06667; 215 40.6333 4.2 8.83333
77. 216 40.6333 4.2 10.6; 217 42.4 4.2 1.76667; 218 42.4 4.2 3.53333
78. 219 42.4 4.2 5.3; 220 42.4 4.2 7.06667; 221 42.4 4.2 8.83333
79. 222 44.1667 4.2 1.76667; 223 44.1667 4.2 0; 224 44.1667 4.2 3.53333
80. 225 44.1667 4.2 5.3; 226 44.1667 4.2 7.06667; 227 44.1667 4.2 8.83333
81. 228 44.1667 4.2 10.6; 229 45.9333 4.2 1.76667; 230 45.9333 4.2 0
82. 231 45.9333 4.2 3.53333; 232 45.9333 4.2 5.3; 233 45.9333 4.2 7.06667
83. 234 45.9333 4.2 8.83333; 235 45.9333 4.2 10.6; 236 47.7 4.2 1.76667
84. 237 47.7 4.2 0; 238 47.7 4.2 3.53333; 239 47.7 4.2 5.3; 240 47.7 4.2 7.06667
85. 241 47.7 4.2 8.83333; 242 47.7 4.2 10.6; 243 49.4667 4.2 1.76667
86. 244 49.4667 4.2 0; 245 49.4667 4.2 3.53333; 246 49.4667 4.2 5.3

- 77 -

87. 247 49.4667 4.2 7.06667; 248 49.4667 4.2 8.83333; 249 49.4667 4.2 10.6
88. 250 51.2333 4.2 1.76667; 251 51.2333 4.2 0; 252 51.2333 4.2 3.53333
89. 253 51.2333 4.2 5.3; 254 51.2333 4.2 7.06667; 255 51.2333 4.2 8.83333
90. 256 51.2333 4.2 10.6; 257 53 4.2 1.76667; 258 53 4.2 3.53333; 259 53 4.2 5.3
91. 260 53 4.2 7.06667; 261 53 4.2 8.83333; 262 0 4.2 12.3667
92. 263 1.76667 4.2 12.3667; 264 0 4.2 14.1333; 265 1.76667 4.2 14.1333
93. 266 0 4.2 15.9; 267 1.76667 4.2 15.9; 268 0 4.2 17.6667
94. 269 1.76667 4.2 17.6667; 270 0 4.2 19.5303; 271 1.76667 4.2 19.5303
95. 272 1.76667 4.2 21.2; 273 3.53333 4.2 12.3667; 274 3.53333 4.2 14.1333
96. 275 3.53333 4.2 15.9; 276 3.53333 4.2 17.6667; 277 3.53333 4.2 19.5303
...............................................................................
Due to Large size input data such as joint incidencies, member & element
incidencies skip the input data for minimizing the information.
.............................................................................
4612. MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
4613. 100 TO 119 121 123 125 127 130 137 144 151 164 171 178 185 192 205 212 219 4614. 226 233 246 253 260 267 274 287 294 301 308 315 322 324 326 328 330 333 335 4615. 337 339 341 512 514 516 518 520 523 525 527 529 531 533 540 547 554 561 574 4616. 581 588 595 602 712 714 716 718 720 723 725 727 729 731 733 740 747 754 761 4617. 774 781 788 795 802 815 822 829 836 843 845 847 849 851 853 884 TO 991 1668 4618. 1669 TO 1775 2452 TO 2559 3236 TO 3343 4020 TO 4127 4804 TO 4911 5588 TO 5695 4619. 6372 TO 6479 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.5
4620. SUPPORTS
4621. 1 TO 28 FIXED
4622. CUT OFF MODE SHAPE 20
4623.
******************************************************************************
4624. **1893 EARTH QUAKE LOAD
4625. ***ZONE II COFFICIENT =0.1
4626. ***RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR = 3.0
4627. ***IMPORTANCE FACTOR = 1
4628. ****SOFT SOIL FACTOR = 3
4629. ***TYPE OF STRUCTURE :R.C.C = 1.0
4630.
*******************************************************************************
4631. DEFINE 1893 LOAD
4632. ZONE 0.1 RF 3 I 1 SS 3 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4633. *ZONE 0.1 RF 3 I 1 SS 2 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4634. *ZONE 0.1 RF 3 I 1 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4635. *ZONE 0.1 RF 5 I 1 SS 3 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4636. *ZONE 0.1 RF 5 I 1 SS 2 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4637. *ZONE 0.1 RF 5 I 1 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4638. *ZONE 0.36 RF 3 I 1 SS 3 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4639. *ZONE 0.36 RF 3 I 1 SS 2 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4640. *ZONE 0.36 RF 3 I 1 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4641. *ZONE 0.36 RF 5 I 1 SS 3 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4642. *ZONE 0.36 RF 5 I 1 SS 2 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4643. *ZONE 0.36 RF 5 I 1 SS 1 ST 1 DM 0.05 DT 3
4644. SELFWEIGHT
............................................................................
Due to Large size input data such as nodal seismic weight was
skip the input data for minimizing the information.
.............................................................................

- 78 -

4926. CHECK SOFT STORY

4926. LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD
4927. SELFWEIGHT Y -1
4928. *ELEMENT LOAD
4929. *120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 4930. *165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 4931. *213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 4932. *261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 4933. *309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 4934. *513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 4935. *548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 4936. *596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 4937. *734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 4938. *782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 4939. *830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 4940. *2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 4941. *6480 TO 7127 PR GY -2.45
4942. *MEMBER LOAD
4943. *100 TO 119 121 123 125 127 130 137 144 151 164 171 178 185 192 205 212 219 4944. *226 233 246 253 260 267 274 287 294 301 308 315 322 324 326 328 330 333 335 4945. *337 339 341 512 514 516 518 520 523 525 527 529 531 533 540 547 554 561 574 4946. *581 588 595 602 712 714 716 718 720 723 725 727 729 731 733 740 747 754 761 4947. *774 781 788 795 802 815 822 829 836 843 845 847 849 851 853 884 TO 991 1668 4948. *1669 TO 1775 2452 TO 2559 3236 TO 3343 4020 TO 4127 4804 TO 4911 5588 TO 5695
4949. *6372 TO 6479 UNI GY -16.8
4950. LOAD 2 LIVE LOAD
4951. ELEMENT LOAD
4952. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 4953. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 4954. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 4955. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 4956. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 4957. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 4958. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 4959. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 4960. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 4961. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 4962. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 4963. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 PR GY -4
4964. 6480 TO 7127 PR GY -2
4965. LOAD 3 SESMIC ALONG X
4966. SELFWEIGHT X 1
4967. SELFWEIGHT Y 1
4968. SELFWEIGHT Z 1
4969. MEMBER LOAD
4970. 100 TO 119 121 123 125 127 130 137 144 151 164 171 178 185 192 205 212 219 4971. 226 233 246 253 260 267 274 287 294 301 308 315 322 324 326 328 330 333 335 4972. 337 339 341 512 514 516 518 520 523 525 527 529 531 533 540 547 554 561 574 4973. 581 588 595 602 712 714 716 718 720 723 725 727 729 731 733 740 747 754 761 4974. 774 781 788 795 802 815 822 829 836 843 845 847 849 851 853 884 TO 991 1668 4975. 1669 TO 1775 2452 TO 2559 3236 TO 3343 4020 TO 4127 4804 TO 4911 5588 TO 5695 4976. 6372 TO 6479 UNI GX 16.8
4977. 100 TO 119 121 123 125 127 130 137 144 151 164 171 178 185 192 205 212 219 -

- 79 -

4978. 226 233 246 253 260 267 274 287 294 301 308 315 322 324 326 328 330 333 335 4979. 337 339 341 512 514 516 518 520 523 525 527 529 531 533 540 547 554 561 574 4980. 581 588 595 602 712 714 716 718 720 723 725 727 729 731 733 740 747 754 761 4981. 774 781 788 795 802 815 822 829 836 843 845 847 849 851 853 884 TO 991 1668 4982. 1669 TO 1775 2452 TO 2559 3236 TO 3343 4020 TO 4127 4804 TO 4911 5588 TO 5695 4983. 6372 TO 6479 UNI GY 16.8
4984. 100 TO 119 121 123 125 127 130 137 144 151 164 171 178 185 192 205 212 219 4985. 226 233 246 253 260 267 274 287 294 301 308 315 322 324 326 328 330 333 335 4986. 337 339 341 512 514 516 518 520 523 525 527 529 531 533 540 547 554 561 574 4987. 581 588 595 602 712 714 716 718 720 723 725 727 729 731 733 740 747 754 761 4988. 774 781 788 795 802 815 822 829 836 843 845 847 849 851 853 884 TO 991 1668 4989. 1669 TO 1775 2452 TO 2559 3236 TO 3343 4020 TO 4127 4804 TO 4911 5588 TO 5695 4990. 6372 TO 6479 UNI GZ 16.8
4991.
*******************************************************************************
4992. ELEMENT LOAD
4993. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 4994. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 4995. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 4996. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 4997. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 4998. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 4999. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 5000. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 5001. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 5002. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 5003. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 5004. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 5005. 6480 TO 7127 PR GX 2.45
5006. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 5007. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 5008. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 5009. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 5010. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 5011. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 5012. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 5013. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 5014. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 5015. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 5016. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 5017. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 5018. 6480 TO 7127 PR GY 2.45
5019. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 5020. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 5021. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 5022. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 5023. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 5024. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 5025. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 5026. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 5027. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 5028. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 5029. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 5030. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 -

- 80 -

5031. 6480 TO 7127 PR GZ 2.45

5032.
******************************************************************************
5033. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 5034. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 5035. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 5036. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 5037. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 5038. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 5039. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 5040. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 5041. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 5042. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 5043. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 5044. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 PR GX 2
5045. 6480 TO 7127 PR GX 1
5046. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 5047. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 5048. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 5049. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 5050. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 5051. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 5052. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 5053. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 5054. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 5055. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 5056. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 5057. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 PR GY 2
5058. 6480 TO 7127 PR GY 1
5059. 120 122 124 126 128 129 131 TO 136 138 TO 143 145 TO 150 152 TO 163 5060. 165 TO 170 172 TO 177 179 TO 184 186 TO 191 193 TO 204 206 TO 211 5061. 213 TO 218 220 TO 225 227 TO 232 234 TO 245 247 TO 252 254 TO 259 5062. 261 TO 266 268 TO 273 275 TO 286 288 TO 293 295 TO 300 302 TO 307 5063. 309 TO 314 316 TO 321 323 325 327 329 331 332 334 336 338 340 342 TO 511 5064. 513 515 517 519 521 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 TO 539 541 TO 546 5065. 548 TO 553 555 TO 560 562 TO 573 575 TO 580 582 TO 587 589 TO 594 5066. 596 TO 601 603 TO 711 713 715 717 719 721 722 724 726 728 730 732 5067. 734 TO 739 741 TO 746 748 TO 753 755 TO 760 762 TO 773 775 TO 780 5068. 782 TO 787 789 TO 794 796 TO 801 803 TO 814 816 TO 821 823 TO 828 5069. 830 TO 835 837 TO 842 844 846 848 850 852 854 855 992 TO 1639 1776 TO 2423 5070. 2560 TO 3207 3344 TO 3991 4128 TO 4775 4912 TO 5559 5696 TO 6343 PR GZ 2
5071. 6480 TO 7127 PR GZ 1
5072. SPECTRUM SRSS 1893 TOR X 0.0167 ACC SCALE 2.2254 DAMP 0.05 LIN MIS
5073. SOIL TYPE 3
5074. CHECK SOFT STOREY
5075. *LOAD 4 SESMIC ALONG Z
5076. *SELFWEIGHT X 1
5077. *SELFWEIGHT Y 1
5078. *SELFWEIGHT Z 1
5079. *SPECTRUM SRSS 1893 TOR Z 0.0167 ACC SCALE 2.2893 DAMP 0.05 LIN MIS
5080. *SOIL TYPE 3
5081. LOAD 4 SP-22 LOAD
5082. JOINT LOAD
5083. 29 TO 34 53 TO 56 FX 60.3

- 81 -

5084. 732 TO 737 756 TO 759 FX 60.05

5085. 1435 TO 1440 1459 TO 1462 FX 59.13
5086. 2138 TO 2143 2162 TO 2165 FX 57.26
5087. 2841 TO 2846 2865 TO 2868 FX 53.37
5088. 3544 TO 3549 3568 TO 3571 FX 47.93
5089. 4247 TO 4252 4271 TO 4274 FX 39.52
5090. 4950 TO 4955 4974 TO 4977 FX 28.35
5091. 5653 TO 5658 5677 TO 5680 FX 9.75
5092. 35 TO 52 FX 120.55
5093. 738 TO 755 FX 120.1
5094. 1441 TO 1458 FX 118.26
5095. 2144 TO 2161 FX 114.51
5096. 2847 TO 2864 FX 106.74
5097. 3550 TO 3567 FX 95.46
5098. 4253 TO 4270 FX 79.04
5099. 4956 TO 4973 FX 56.7
5100. 5659 TO 5676 FX 19.5
*******************************************************************************
5102. *LOAD COMB 8 1.5(S.W+F.L+M.L+L.L)
5103. *4 1.5 5 1.5 6 1.5 7 1.5
5104. LOAD COMB 5 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 5
5105. 1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
5106. LOAD COMB 6 LOAD COMB 6
5107. 1 1.0 2 1.0 4 1.0
5108. *LOAD COMB 10 1.0(FL+ML)+0.5LL
5109. *5 1.0 6 1.0 7 0.5
5110. PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT STATICS CHECK

PROBLEM STATISTICS
----------------------------------NUMBER OF MODES REQUESTED
= 20
NUMBER OF EXISTING MASSES IN THE MODEL = 18981
NUMBER OF MODES THAT WILL BE USED = 20
CALCULATED FREQUENCIES FOR LOAD CASE
MODE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC)

0.416
0.427
0.481
1.346
1.378
1.545
2.536
2.582
2.881
4.052
4.106
4.373

2.40503
2.33990
2.07866
0.74290
0.72556
0.64705
0.39438
0.38733
0.34713
0.24681
0.24355
0.22868

PERIOD(SEC)

1.041E-15
1.232E-15
1.167E-15
9.933E-16
7.580E-16
0.000E+00
4.479E-16
1.512E-15
1.215E-15
7.362E-08
1.142E-07
1.152E-05

- 82 -

3
ACCURACY

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

4.449
4.512
4.568
4.576
4.632
4.735
4.738
4.769
4.800
4.803
4.864
4.870
4.875
4.891

0.22477
0.22164
0.21889
0.21853
0.21587
0.21121
0.21105
0.20970
0.20834
0.20819
0.20560
0.20535
0.20515
0.20448

9.371E-05
1.920E-03
1.639E-04
2.623E-04
1.484E-03
2.696E-04
2.822E-04
4.527E-04
1.868E-04
1.650E-04
2.048E-03
8.723E-04
3.784E-03
6.149E-03

MODE SPECTRAL ACCELERATION

DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
---- --------------------- -----------------------------X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

FLOOR
-----

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

0.69438
0.71371
0.80340
2.24794
2.30167
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000
2.50000

0.0258
0.0265
0.0299
0.0835
0.0855
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929
0.0929

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

PEAK STOREY SHEAR IN KN

-----------------------X
Z
1555.70
2632.05
3310.42
3797.11
4190.21
4613.16
5059.28
5493.07
5721.28

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

- 83 -

5721.28

0.00

RESPONSE LOAD CASE

CSM GROUPING MODAL COMBINATION METHOD USED.

MISSING MASS METHOD USED.
DYNAMIC WEIGHT X Y Z 2.479661E+05 2.479661E+05 2.479661E+05 KN
MISSING WEIGHT X Y Z -1.072770E+04 -8.784135E+04 -1.085082E+04 KN
MISSING WEIGHT X Y Z -1.072770E+04 -8.784135E+04 -1.085082E+04 KN
MODAL WEIGHT X Y Z 2.372384E+05 1.601247E+05 2.371153E+05 KN

FLOOR
-----

PEAK STOREY SHEAR IN KN INCLUDING MISSING MASS CORRECTION

---------------------------------------------------------X
Z

10
1558.87
9
2632.05
8
3312.63
7
3797.42
6
4192.43
5
4614.60
4
5062.30
3
5498.10
2
5750.60
1
5750.60
ZPA
ZPAFREQ

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.23695
33.00000

MASS PARTICIPATION FACTORS IN PERCENT

------------------------------------------------------MODE X
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

SUMM-X SUMM-Y SUMM-Z

0.03 0.00 78.13 0.027

78.37 0.00 0.03 78.399
0.05 0.00 0.09 78.449
0.00 0.00 10.38 78.452
10.31 0.00 0.00 88.763
0.00 0.00 0.01 88.766
0.00 0.00 4.44 88.767
4.39 0.00 0.00 93.156
0.00 0.00 0.00 93.156
0.00 0.00 2.54 93.156
2.52 0.00 0.00 95.673
0.00 57.15 0.00 95.673
0.00 0.00 0.00 95.673
0.00 0.48 0.00 95.673
0.00 0.10 0.00 95.673
0.00 5.94 0.00 95.673
0.00 0.64 0.00 95.673

BASE SHEAR IN KN

0.000 78.128 1.76 0.00 0.00

0.000 78.153 5154.58 0.00 0.00
0.000 78.246 3.68 0.00 0.00
0.000 88.631 0.63 0.00 0.00
0.000 88.633 2187.06 0.00 0.00
0.000 88.641 0.80 0.00 0.00
0.000 93.077 0.12 0.00 0.00
0.000 93.077 1011.19 0.00 0.00
0.000 93.078 0.07 0.00 0.00
0.001 95.622 0.11 0.00 0.00
0.001 95.623 579.75 0.00 0.00
57.153 95.623 0.00 0.00 0.00
57.156 95.623 0.09 0.00 0.00
57.639 95.624 0.01 0.00 0.00
57.736 95.624 0.00 0.00 0.00
63.679 95.624 0.00 0.00 0.00
64.323 95.624 0.00 0.00 0.00

- 84 -

18
19
20
ZPA

0.00 0.00 0.00 95.673 64.327 95.624 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.07 0.00 95.673 64.395 95.624 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.18 0.00 95.674 64.575 95.624 0.07 0.00 0.00
4.33 0.00 0.00 100.000 0.000 0.000 579.91 0.00 0.00
--------------------------TOTAL SRSS SHEAR 5748.73 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 10PCT SHEAR 5750.59 0.00 0.00
TOTAL ABS SHEAR 9519.85 0.00 0.00
TOTAL CSM SHEAR 5750.60 0.00 0.00

NOTE : THE BASE SHEAR (VB) FROM RESPONSE SPECTRUM IS LESS THAN THE
BASE SHEAR (Vb) CALCULATED USING EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR FUNDAMENTAL
TIME PERIOD. MULTIPLYING FACTOR (Vb/VB) IS 1.0020

STATIC LOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUM SUMMARY FOR CASE NO.

DEAD LOAD

***TOTAL APPLIED LOAD ( KN METE ) SUMMARY (LOADING 1 )

SUMMATION FORCE-X =
0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = -141329.98
SUMMATION FORCE-Z =
0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGINMX= 2759501.34 MY=
0.00 MZ= -3982152.50
***TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KN METE ) SUMMARY (LOADING
SUMMATION FORCE-X =
0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 141329.98
SUMMATION FORCE-Z =
0.00

1)

SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGINMX= -2759501.34 MY=

0.00 MZ= 3982152.51

MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( CM /RADIANS) (LOADING

MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = 1.61965E-02 5671
Y = -1.18743E+00 6155
Z = 3.55011E-02 5653
RX= 1.63084E-03 5780
RY= 5.49876E-06 6098
RZ= -1.64138E-03 5891

1)

STATIC LOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUM SUMMARY FOR CASE NO.

LIVE LOAD

***TOTAL APPLIED LOAD ( KN METE ) SUMMARY (LOADING 2 )

- 85 -

SUMMATION FORCE-X =
0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = -68764.32
SUMMATION FORCE-Z =
0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGINMX= 1336319.99 MY=
0.00 MZ= -1943738.22

***TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KN METE ) SUMMARY (LOADING

SUMMATION FORCE-X =
0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 68764.32
SUMMATION FORCE-Z =
0.00

2)

SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGINMX= -1336320.00 MY=

0.00 MZ= 1943738.23

MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( CM /RADIANS) (LOADING

MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = 6.98429E-03 5671
Y = -7.89202E-01 5237
Z = 2.27731E-02 5653
RX= 1.27786E-03 5077
RY= 2.85019E-06 6098
RZ= -1.29122E-03 5188

2)

STATIC LOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUM SUMMARY FOR CASE NO.

SP-22 LOAD
***TOTAL APPLIED LOAD ( KN METE ) SUMMARY (LOADING 4 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 19112.08
SUMMATION FORCE-Y =
0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Z =
0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGINMX=
0.00 MY= 387552.13 MZ= -334521.11

***TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KN METE ) SUMMARY (LOADING

SUMMATION FORCE-X = -19112.08
SUMMATION FORCE-Y =
0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Z =
0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGINMX=
0.00 MY= -387552.13 MZ= 334521.11

MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( CM /RADIANS) (LOADING

MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = 1.11679E+01 5680
Y = 6.78544E-01 1313
Z = 4.71691E-01 5671
RX= -1.12614E-03 790
RY= 1.74587E-04 5671

- 86 -

4)

4)

RZ= -4.86347E-03

759

************ END OF DATA FROM INTERNAL STORAGE ************

5111. PRINT CG
CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE STRUCTURE IS LOCATED AT: (METE UNIT)
X = 28.18 Y = 20.68 Z = 19.53
TOTAL SELF WEIGHT =

141324.719 (KN UNIT)

5112. PRINT MODE SHAPES

MODE SHAPES
----------JOINT MODE X-TRANS Y-TRANS Z-TRANS X-ROTAN Y-ROTAN Z-ROTAN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
-0.00304
-0.00311
-0.00308
-0.00305
-0.00302
-0.00308
-0.00206
-0.00206

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00189
0.00155
0.00149
0.00147
0.00146
0.00192
-0.00013
-0.00008

0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00

0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.00000 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00
0.06760 6.423E-04 1.535E-06 3.413E-05
0.06652 6.429E-04 2.986E-06 2.727E-05
0.06546 6.334E-04 2.874E-06 2.754E-05
0.06446 6.234E-04 2.777E-06 2.744E-05
0.06352 6.132E-04 2.665E-06 2.759E-05
0.06257 5.929E-04 4.178E-06 2.517E-05
0.06781 5.974E-04 3.404E-06 1.936E-05
0.06665 6.090E-04 3.274E-06 1.898E-05

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37 1 -0.00205 -0.00008 0.06559 5.997E-04

38 1 -0.00204 -0.00008 0.06460 5.903E-04
39 1 -0.00204 -0.00008 0.06365 5.806E-04
40 1 -0.00203 -0.00002 0.06278 5.517E-04
41 1 -0.00101 0.00006 0.06781 5.977E-04
42 1 -0.00101 0.00008 0.06666 6.097E-04
43 1 -0.00103 0.00003 0.06562 6.017E-04
44 1 -0.00104 0.00003 0.06463 5.922E-04
45 1 -0.00105 0.00003 0.06368 5.825E-04
46 1 -0.00105 0.00004 0.06282 5.536E-04
47 1 -0.00005 -0.00199 0.06760 6.420E-04
48 1 0.00001 -0.00148 0.06654 6.427E-04
49 1 -0.00001 0.00047 0.06564 5.882E-04
...............................................................................

3.383E-06 1.896E-05
3.393E-06 1.895E-05
3.211E-06 1.886E-05
2.298E-06 2.054E-05
3.373E-06 1.062E-05
3.260E-06 9.337E-06
3.427E-06 9.207E-06
3.517E-06 9.587E-06
3.356E-06 9.527E-06
2.365E-06 9.964E-06
1.550E-06 -4.615E-06
2.895E-06 5.111E-07
2.899E-06 5.885E-06

Due to Large size input data such as mode shape coefficient was
Skip the input data for minimizing the information.
.............................................................................
5113. LOAD LIST 5 6
5114. PRINT STORY DRIFT
STORY HEIGHT LOAD
AVG. DISP(CM )
DRIFT(CM )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------(METE)
X
Z
X
Z
BASE=
0.00
5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 L /999999
6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 L /999999
5 0.3504 0.0164 0.3504 0.0164 L / 1198
6 1.0885 0.0019 1.0885 0.0019 L / 386
5 1.0367 0.0499 0.6863 0.0335 L / 612
6 3.0930 0.0062 2.0045 0.0043 L / 209
5 1.7944 0.0884 0.7577 0.0385 L / 554
6 5.1509 0.0108 2.0579 0.0046 L / 204
5 2.5174 0.1265 0.7230 0.0380 L / 581
6 6.9462 0.0151 1.7953 0.0043 L / 234
5 3.1646 0.1616 0.6472 0.0352 L / 649
6 8.3758 0.0188 1.4295 0.0037 L / 294

RATIO

STORY HEIGHT LOAD

AVG. DISP(CM )
DRIFT(CM )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------(METE)
X
Z
X
Z
BASE=
0.00
5 3.7190 0.1917 0.5544 0.0301 L / 757
6 9.4264 0.0221 1.0507 0.0032 L / 400
5 4.1703 0.2167 0.4513 0.0250 L / 931
6 10.1304 0.0249 0.7040 0.0029 L / 596
5 4.5103 0.2382 0.3400 0.0214 L / 1235
6 10.5516 0.0275 0.4212 0.0025 L / 997
5 4.7433 0.2546 0.2330 0.0164 L / 1802
6 10.7835 0.0299 0.2319 0.0025 L / 1811

RATIO

5115. PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST 1 TO 28 856 TO 883 1640 TO 1667 2424 TO 2451 3208 5116. 3209 TO 3235 3992 TO 4019 4776 TO 4803 5560 TO 5587 6344 TO 6371

- 88 -

APPENDIX B

- 89 -