Johnson's Behaviour System Model

Introduction

Dorothy E. Johnson was born August 21, 1919, in Savannah, Georgia. B. S. N. from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1942; and her M.P.H. 1948.

From 1949 until her retirement in 1978 she was an assistant professor of pediatric n nursing, and a professor of nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles.

Dorothy Johnson has had an influence on nursing through her publications since the

Johnson stressed the importance of research-based knowledge about the effect of n

Johnsons behavior system model

In 1968 Dorothy first proposed her model of nursing care as fostering of the efficie the patient to prevent illness".

She also stated that nursing was concerned with man as an integrated whole and t require.

In 1980 Johnson published her conceptualization of behavioral system of model for

that explicates her definitions of the behavioral system model. Definition of nursing

She defined nursing as an external regulatory force which acts to preserve the organizat

behaviors at an optimum level under those conditions in which the behaviors constitutes a or in which illness is found Based on this definition there are four goals of nursing are to assist the patient:

Whose behavior commensurate with social demands. Who is able to modify his behavior in ways that it supports biological imperatives

Who is able to benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physicians knowle

Whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a consequence o

Assumptions of behavioral system model

There are several layers of assumptions that Johnson makes in the development of concep model There are 4 assumptions of system:

1. First assumption states that there is organization, interaction, interdependency and of behaviors that go to make up The system

2. A system tends to achieve a balance among the various forces operating within an

continually to maintain a behavioral system balance and steady state by more or le adaptations to the natural forces impinging upon him.

3. A behavioral system, which both requires and results in some degree of regularity a

man that is to say, it is functionally significant in that it serves a useful purpose, bot

4. The final assumption states system balance reflects adjustments and adaptations t some degree.

The integration of these assumptions provides the behavioral system with the pattern of a

integrated functional unit that determines and limits the interaction between the person a relation of the person to the objects, events and situations in his environment. Assumptions about structure and function of each subsystem

from the form the behavior takes and the consequences it achieves can be inferred what goal is being sought

Each individual has a predisposition to act with reference to the goal, in certain wa predisposition is called as set.

Each subsystem has a repertoire of choices or scope of action

The fourth assumption is that it produce observable outcome that is the individua

Each subsystem has three functional requirements

System must be protected" from noxious influences with which system cannot cop Each subsystem must be nurtured through the input of appropriate supplies from

Each subsystem must be stimulated for use to enhance growth and prevent stagn

Johnson believes each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of actin specific to that individual.

These actions and behaviors form an organized and integrated functional unit that d

between the person and his environment and establishes the relationship of the per environment.

These behaviors are orderly, purposeful and predictable and sufficiently stable and and explanation

Johnsons Behavioral Subsystem

Attachment or affiliative subsystem: social inclusion intimacy and the formatio bond.

Dependency subsystem: approval, attention or recognition and physical assistan

Ingestive subsystem: the emphasis is on the meaning and structures of the soci the food is eaten

Eliminative subsystem: human cultures have defined different socially acceptab the existence of such a pattern remains different from culture to Culture.

Sexual subsystem:" both biological and social factor affect the behavior in the sex

Aggressive subsystem: " it relates to the behaviors concerned with protection an

aggressive subsystem as one that generates defensive response from the individua threatened

Achievement subsystem: " provokes behavior that attempt to control the environ

mechanical and social skills achievement are some of the areas that Johnson recogn Representation of Johnson's Model

Goal ----- Set --- Choice of Behavior --- Behavior

Affiliation Dependency Sexuality Aggression Elimination Ingestion Achievement

The four major concepts

Johnson views human being as having two major systems, the biological system and the

medicine to focus on biological system where as Nursling's focus is the behavioral system

Society relates to the environment on which the individual exists. According to Joh influenced by the events in the environment

Health is a purposeful adaptive response, physically mentally, emotionally, and so order to maintain stability and comfort.

Nursing has a primary goal that is to foster equilibrium within the individual. She s

organized and integrated whole, but that the major focus is on maintaining a balanc occurs in an individual. Nursing process

Assessment

Grubbs developed an assessment tool based on Johnsons seven subsystems plus a subsy

focused on activities of daily living. .An assessment based on behavioral model does not e information about the biological systems:

Affiliation Dependency Sexuality Aggression Elimination Ingestion Achievement Restorative

Diagnosis

Diagnosis tends to be general to the system than specific to the problem. Grubb has prop derived from Johnson's behavioral system model:

Insufficiency Discrepancy Incompatibility Dominance

Planning and implementation

Implementation of the nursing care related to the diagnosis may be difficult because of la

will focus on nurses actions to modify clients behavior, these plan than have a goal ,to bri

based on nursing assessment of the individuals drive, set behavior, repertoire, and observ protection, nurturance or stimulation of the identified subsystem. Evaluation

Evaluation is based on the attainment of a goal of balance in the identified subsystems. If

individual, the nurse may have goal for the individual to return to the baseline behavior. If

planned do occur, the nurse should be able to observe the return to the previous behavior

with the nursing process is a nurse centered activity, with the nurse determining the clien for that need. Assessment

Affiliative subsystem between mother and John. Dependency subsystem between mother and John Affiliative subsystem between Mrs.Kim and her mother. Insufficiency ingestion subsystem.

Diagnosis

Insufficient development of the affiliative subsystem. Insufficient development of the dependency subsystem

Planning and implementation

Increasing mothers awareness of the babys clues. Assisting her to talk with the baby.

Teach her to bring a bond between her and the baby by touch, pat and cuddles etc.

Evaluation

Johnny's weight gain or weight loss will be carefully assessed.

The infant interaction could be reassessed, using the nursing child assessment fee The interaction of Mrs. Kim with her mother.

Johnsons and Characteristics of a theory

Interrelate concepts to create a different way of viewing a phenomenon. Theories must be logical in nature. Theories must be simple yet generalizable Theories can be bases of hypothesis that can be tested.

Theories contribute to and assist in increasing the body of knowledge within the dis implemented to validate them

Theories can be utilized by practitioners to guide and improve their practice.

Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws and principles but w need to be investigated.

Limitation

Johnson does not clearly interrelate her concepts of subsystems comprising the beh The definition of concept is so abstract that they are difficult to use. It is difficult to test Johnson's model by development of hypothesis.

The focus on the behavioral system makes it difficult for nurses to work with physica theory.

The model is very individual oriented so the nurses working with the group have diff

The model is very individual oriented so the family of the client is only considered a

Johnson does not define the expected outcomes when one of the system is affected implicit expectation is made that all human in all cultures will attain same outcome

Johnsons behavioral system model is not flexible.

Summary

Johnsons Behavioral system model is a model of nursing care that advocates the fosterin

functioning in the patient to prevent illness. The patient is defined as behavioral system c

Each subsystem composed of four structural characteristics i.e. drives, set, choices and ob Three functional requirement of each subsystem includes

(1) Protection from noxious influences, (2) Provision for the nurturing environment, and (3) stimulation for growth.

Any imbalance in each system results in disequilibrium .it is nursing role to assist the clien

Reference

1. George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd e

2. Polit DF, Hungler BP. Nursing Research: Principles and Methods. Philadelphia: JB Lipp

3. Burns N, Grove SK. The practice of Nursing Research. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saun

4. Treece JW, Treece EW. Elements of Research in Nursing (3rded.). St. Louis: Mosby; 1

Johnson's Behaviour System Model

Nursing Implication
CASE STUDY: 10 y/o boy not doing well in school Comes to school dirty, does not brush teeth, has dirty clothes and often brings no lunch. Parents divorced and lives with mother Mother clinically depressed Father physically abused him

Mother states she can not handle her sons behavior And hard to enforce the rules Student is not doing well in school, He is in the office everyday with behavioral problems, and not getting along with peers Mr. Elder works at the zoo. He has a large open wound on his forehead from a tiger attack. Mr. Elder was referred to a home health agency for wound management. The wound extends to the skull. Mr. Elder was out of work as a result of this wound, saw friends infrequently, and was somewhat depressed. His wife spent hours each day fixing him goodies to help cheer him up because she liked to cook and found it was a good way to release her own anxiety about her husbands condition. After three weeks the wound showed no improvement in healing, although had not become infected. During the agency visit, Mrs. Elder confides in the nurse that her husband was drinking tons of water and seemed to be urinating frequently. She was worried that he might hurt himself getting up so often in the middle of the night. She was wondering if there was a pill to help him sleep through the night. Using theories models, what would the nurse do to help Mr. Elders healing problems? If Jim were the nurse dispatched from the home health agency, he would use Johnsons theory to solve the problem. 1. He assessed Mr. Elder and his family using the seven subsystems of behavior He found deficits in 3 subsystems: Achievement subsystem due to lack of social involvement and depression Eliminative subsystem due to polyuria, nocturia Ingestive subsystem due to drinking lots of water, and eating lots of goodies Based on Johnsons assumptions Jim concludes that Mr. Elder probably has diabetes. After confirming the diagnosis, he helps Mr. Elder to correct his system imbalances by modifying his behavior in order to achieve homeostasis.