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S dng PSIM m phng mch in t cng sut

13/12/2008 Bao-Huy Nguyen m phng in t cng sut, c kh nhiu cng c, c th k ra MATLAB, TINA, PSPICE Mi phn mm u c nhng u im v hn ch nht nh. Trong bi ny, ti mun gii thiu vi cc bn phn mm m phng PSIM mt phn mm c nh gi l d s dng, trc quan, dung lng nh v kh mnh trong lnh vc in t cng sut. PSIM l sn phm ca hng Powersimtech Inc, trang ch ca hng: www.powersimtech.com y l phn mm s dng m phng in t cng sut v truyn ng in. Cc bn c th download bn full ti y: Cc bn lu l, thng thng cc bn PSIM hay thiu mt mt s module kh hay nh Motor Drive Module, Simcouple Module hay Digital Control Module bn ny ca ti c y cc module . PSIM khng cn ci t, cc bn c b ci ri th click vo biu tng PSIM trong l chy lun, nn send to desktop cho d s dng. PSIM c 3 chng trnh chnh l PSIM Schematic l chng trnh v mch, PSIM Simulator l chng trnh m phng v SIMVIEW l chng trnh hin th th sau khi m phng. Khi cc bn khi ng chng trnh th PSIM Schematic s chy u tin, cc bn vo File New n ra giao din nh sau:

Nhn qua l cc bn c th thy c nhng thnh phn c bn ca n: Phn trn cng l thanh chun (Standard) gm File, Edit, View, Subcircuit, Element, Simulate, Option, Window, Help. Mi thao tc trong PSIM u c th thc hin c t thanh chun ny. Thanh di bao gm cc cng c hay dng, c bn nh New, Save, Open v cc lnh thng dng nh Wire (ni dy), Zoom, Run Simulation (chy m phng) Thanh di cng l cc linh kin thng dng nh in tr, cun cm, t in, thyristor l s lc mt s iu v PSIM, by gi chng ta hy v mt mch n gin hiu v vic m phng trong PSIM, l chnh lu 1 pha na chu k s dng Thyristor. Trc tin cc bn click p vo biu tng PSIM, giao din chnh ca PSIM Schematic hin ra. Cc thao tc sau ti hng dn t thanh chun, cc bn c th lm nhanh hn bng vic dng thanh cng c, chc nng cc nt thanh cng c nhn vo l r, y ti khng gii thiu.

Ta ly ra mt ngun in p hnh sin: cc bn vo Elements Sources Voltage Sin. Khi click chut tri vo trang v nhn phn t, cc bn cn bao nhiu phn t th click by nhiu ln, ly ri th nhn Esc thot. t thng s cho ngun ny, cc bn click p vo n, s hin ra mt hp thoi, Peak Amplitude l bin in p, n v l Volt, Frequency l tn s, n v l Hz, Phase Angle l gc pha ca ngun, n v l , DC offset l thnh phn 1 chiu ca ngun, n v l Volt. Ta t bin l 220V, tn s 50Hz, cc thng s khc mc nh l 0. Tip ly ra mt in tr. Cc bn vo Element Power RLC Branches, chn Resistor. Cc bn ch l khi ly phn t ra, ta c th xoay cc v tr ca n bng chut phi trc khi click chut tri dn vo trang v. Nu dn ri m mun thay i th cc bn dng nt Rotate v 2 nt Flip trn thanh cng c. Click p vo n t thng s: Resistance l in tr, Current Flag l thng s cho bit bn c mun hin th dng in i qua in tr ny hay khng, 1 l c, 0 l khng. Ta chn , g 1K. Chn Current Flag l 1, tc l ta s hin th dng in i qua in tr ny. By gi ta ly ra mt Thyristor. Cc bn vo Elements Power Switchs chn Thyristor. Cc thng s ca Thyristor ta mc nh khi cn mt Thyristor l tng. o in p ngun nhm so snh vi in p chnh lu u ra, ta ly mt Voltage Probe. Cc bn vo Elements Other Probes. C 2 loi o in p: Voltage Probe c mt u o, n s o in p ca 1 im so vi t; Voltage Probes (node-to-nude) c 2 u o, n o in p gia hai u . y ta chn loi 2 u. Ta cng c th ly ra 1 voltage probe na o in p chnh lu u ra, nhng v mch ny ca ta thun tr nn dng qua R c dng ging in p, ta c th b qua. By gi dng dy ni chng li vi nhau, cc bn vo Edit Wire hoc click vo biu tng hnh ci bt trn thanh cng c. Thyristor cn mt chn iu khin, y l chn pht xung iu khin s ni ngay sau y. Cc bn ch xa cc linh kin ra cn mt b iu khin kh phc tp na. By gi ta thit k b iu khin cho Thyristor. pht xung iu khin cho Thyristor ta c mt s phng php, y ti gii thiu mt phng php gn vi mch tht cc bn i chiu. B pht xung chnh l Anpha Controller, cc bn ly n t Elements Other Switch Controller Anpha Controller. B ny c 4 chn: u ra nh tam gic ni vi cc iu khin ca Thyristor, 3 u vo l sync, anpha, enable ln lt t tri sang phi. Chn Enable (nm ngang bn phi) l chn cho php / khng cho php b Anpha Controller ny hot ng tng ng tn hiu vo l 1/0. Trong mch ny ta lun cho b Anpha Controller hot ng, do t tn hiu vo l 1, lm iu ny cc bn ly ra mt ngun step voltage source t Elements Sources Voltage Step. Thng s mc nh ca ngun step ny l 1, cc bn ni u * ca n vo chn Enable ca b Anpha Controller, u kia ni t. Lu trong cc phn t c nh du cc tnh, u * l u +. Cc bn click p vo b Anpha Controller ny s hin ra mt hp thoi, c 2 thng s l Frequency (tn s) t l 50 v Pulse Width ( rng xung, n v l ) ta l 10 .

Chn anpha nm gia, y l chn t ln gc . Cc bn ly ra mt ngun mt chiu (DC Voltage source), ni u + vo chn Anpha, u ni t, gi tr in p t cho ngun mt chiu ny chnh l gi tr gc , n v l . By gi l khu quan trng nht: khu ng pha. Ta bit rng pht xung ng gc , iu quan trng nht l bit c im m t nhin ca Thyristor. bit c iu ny, ta dng mt Voltage sensor (ly t Elements Other Sensors Voltage Sensor) ni cc * vo pha Anode v cc cn li vo pha Kathode ca Thyristor. Voltage sensor ny s o in p gia 2 cc AK ca Thyristor v a gi tr in p ra u ra. u ra ca Voltage sensor ny c a vo cc + mt b so snh (ly t Elements Control Comparator), cc b so snh ny ni t. u ra b so snh ni vo chn Sync ca b Anpha Controller. Nguyn l hot ng ca phn ny nh sau: Khi in p Anode < Kathode, Thyristor kha, in p ra ca Voltage sensor < 0, u ra b so snh l 0; khi Anode > Kathode th in p ca Voltage sensor chuyn t m sang dng, u ra b so snh nhy t 0 ln 1. Ti chnh thi im nhy t 0 ln 1 ny, b Anpha Controller ly l im m t nhin ca Thyristor. quan st tn hiu ng b v xung pht vo Thyristor, ta ly 2 Voltage Probe 1 u d t tn l Vdb v Vx. Vdb ni vo u ra b so snh, Vx ni vo cc iu khin ca Thyristor. Nh vy l ta v xong mch lc v b iu khin cho Thyristor, by gi l cng on cui cng: t tham s m phng. Cc bn vo Simulate Simulation Control. Mt ci biu tng ng h hin ra, cc bn t vo mt v tr ty trong trang v, mt hp thoi hin ra. Time Step l bc thi gian tnh ton, Total Time l tng thi gian bn mun chng trnh chy m phng, n v u l giy. l 2 thng s quan trng nht. Vic t Time Step v Total Time cn ph hp vi tng mch. Time Step cng nh m phng cng chnh xc v ng th cng mn, tuy nhin nu chn Time Step qu nh v Total Time qu ln th thi gian chy s lu. Vi tn s 50 Hz, theo kinh nghim, ti chn Time Step = 1u (1 micro giy), Total Time = 0.05. Chn xong thng s m phng, cc bn chy m phng bng cch: Simulate Run Simulation. Chng trnh PSIM Simulation s chy v sau SIMVIEW cng t ng chy v ca s ca chng trnh SIMVIEW hin ra. Nu khng hin ra, cc bn vo Simulate Run SIMVIEW. Ca s SIMVIEW hin ra vi 1 hp thoi, trong hp thoi c cc i lng c th hin th, cc bn mun hin th th no th chn i lng v n Add, sau OK. Tn cc i lng s mc nh, cc bn nn t li tn theo mnh d theo di bng cch click p v t li tn phn t trong PSIM Schematic. Cn lu l, cc i lng ny c gi tr rt khc nhau, nu hin th cng trn mt h trc ta th c th s khng nhn thy c th cc i lng nh, quan st y , cc bn hy hin th cc th trong cc h khc nhau bng cch: Screen Add Screen. Mun thm hay bt th ca screen no, cc bn click chut vo khu vc screen , mt du mu s hin ra gc trn bn phi ca screen, nh du rng screen c chn, sau dng lnh Screen Add/Delete Curve. Trong hnh v l mch v th ca in p ngun, xung, v dng in qua in tr R.

Trn y l bi gii thiu v hng dn s lc v s dng PSIM m phng in t cng sut. Do trnh c hn ti ch c th din gii ht sc s lc, c c hng dn y nht, cc bn nn c bn manual ca hng Powersimtech c ngay trong b ci PSIM. PSIM cn c mt s lng kh ln cc mch v d trong th mc examples, cc bn c th chy th hiu r hn phn mm l th ny. Hi vng bi vit nh ny s c ch vi cc bn.

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