8.

4
What are you going to learn?
To describe the properties a rhombus To define of a rhombus To find out the formula of the perimeter and area of a rhombus

Look at the quadrilateral in Figure 8.4 on the right. It is called rhombus. Do you know why we call it belah ketupat in Indonesian? To know the properties of a rhombus, do the following mini-lab activity.
Figure 8.4

Key Terms:
rhombus

Mini Lab
Do this with your partner.
Materials: paper, scissors, and a ruler
A

(i) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

Draw a square and its diagonals. Cut the square along the sides. (Figure (i)) Fold the square along one of its diagonals. (Figure (ii)) Draw in dotted lines as in Figure (iii) above. Cut the fold along the dotted lines to obtain the shape in Figure (iv). Open the fold to have a new quadrilateral as in Figure (v). The new quadrilateral is named RHOMBUS. 7. Name it rhombus ABCD and the intersection of the diagonals as point O. (Figure (vi)) 8. Based on the above actiity, observe the sides, angles and diagonals. 9. Find some properties of the rhombus. Explain.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/323

Properties of rhombus are: 1. 2. 3. 4.

D O C
Rhombus ABCD

A B

All sides are equal, which sides? Opposite sides are parallel, which sides? Vertical angles are equal, which angles? The diagonals bisect the angles, which angles? 5. Both diagonals are perpendicular and bisect each other. Mention them.

Figure 8.5

6. Diagonals bisect the rhombus or they are the axis lines. Mention them. 7. The sum of the two adjacent angles is 180. Mention the angles.

Rhombus

A quadrilateral with four equal sides.

We can also say: If both diagonals of a quadrilateral are perpendicular and bisect each other, then it is called a rhombus. Now think of how to construct the formula of the area of a rhombus as follows.

Mini - Lab
WORK IN GROUPS
Materials: Grid paper, a pencil, and scissors. Draw rhombus on the grid paper. Cut the rhombus along the sides. Draw one of the diagonals of the rhombus and cut a piece of paper along the diagonal. What do you obtain? Discuss with your classmates to answer the following questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the area of each isosceles triangle? Do the two isosceles triangles have the same area? What are the base and height of the two isosceles triangles? In your own words, express the formula to find out the area and perimeter of a rhombus.

324/Students Book Quadrilaterals

Area and Perimeter of a Rhombus

The area of a rhombus is equal to a half of the product of the diagonals. The perimeter of a rhombus is four times the length of the sides. Suppose A is the area of a rhombus with diagonals 1 d1 and d2, then A = d1 d2 2 Suppose P is the perimeter of a rhombus with the length of side s, then P = 4 s

d1

d2

PQRS is a rhombus with diagonals PR = 6 cm, QS = 8 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Calculate the area and perimeter of rhombus PQRS.
S

Solution: Given : PR = 8 cm, QS = 10 cm, and PQ = 5 cm. Question : The area and perimeter of rhombus PQRS Solution : Suppose the area of rhombus PQRS is L cm 2 , R then 1 A= PR QS 2 1 A = 8 10 2 A = 40 So, the area of rhombus PQRS is 40 cm2. Suppose the perimeter PQRS is P cm, then: P = 4 PQ P=45 P = 20 So, the perimeter of rhombus PQRS is 20 cm.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/325

The figure on the right is for problems 1-4. 1. If ABC = 132, determine the measure of ABD. 2. If BDC = 25, determine the measure of ADC. 3. If EBC = (2x+10) and ADE = (5x20), determine the value of x . 4. If CBD = (2x+13) and EDA=(5x20), determine the value of x . Given the following quadrilaterals are rhombuses, determine the value of x and y.
135 B E D A

5.

6.

(4x-10)

x (2y)

(2x+70)

7.
A 3,5cm

8.
E C 6cm 5cm H

O 2cm B

Find the area of ABCD.

Find the perimeter of EFGH.

9. The area of rhombus ABCD is 24 cm 2 and the length of diagonal AC is 8 cm. What is the length of BD ?

Say whether the following statements are true or false. 10. a. The opposite sides of a rhombus are parallel. b. All angles of a rhombus are equal. c. The sides of a rhombus are equal. d. The opposite sides of a rhombus are equal.

326/Students Book Quadrilaterals

11. Suppose BEAC is a rhombus with diagonals intersect at point H. a. HA = 3 cm. b. BEH = EBH.

BA = 6 cm and

its

c. Side BA is perpendicular to side EC . d. The area of BHE and the area of AHC are equal. e. CBE and BCA are supplementary. 12. IJKL is a rhombus and its diagonals intersect at point O. a. If ILO = 63, so OIL =...., IJO =...., JOK =.... b. If ILO = (2x+15) and IJO = (3x1), so the value of x =... 13. PQMN is a parallelogram. If PN = 7x10 and PQ = 5x+6, what is the value of x so that PQMN is a rhombus? 14. Critical Thinking. If ABCD is a rhombus, how many symmetrical lines does rhombus ABCD have? State your answer. 15. Is a rhombus also a parallelogram? Explain. 16. Is a parallelogram also a rhombus? Explain. 17. The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm. Calculate the area of the rhombus. 18. A rhombus has the perimeter of 52 m. Find the length of the sides of the rhombus. 19. The area of a rhombus is 36 cm 2 . If the proportion of the diagonals is 1:2, what are the lengths of the diagonals?

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/327