Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

LO3 Location and relative positions: Locations, latitude and longitudes, Relative positions using Trigonometry
1. Sailors use the latitude scale on a map as a distance scale: - 1 degree on the latitude scale = 60 nautical miles (so 1' = 1 nautical mile) - 1 nautical mile = 1,852 km - a speed of 1 knot (1 kt or 1 kn) = 1 nautical mile per hour Express the following in kilometres: 1.1 1.2 3 nautical miles
1 8 5 6

nautical miles

2. As a pilot you will be in contact with an air traffic controller. The air traffic controller makes use of radar to determine your position relative to the controller. The radar screen that the controller uses, places the controller in the centre of the screen, as indicated in the picture below. Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.

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2.1 2.2
2.3

How far is the aircraft from the runway (where the controller is situated)? Use your protractor to determine how the bearing of the aircraft (degrees). What is the bearing of the runway from the aircrafts position (let your protractor lie on the line of bearing that points N)?

3. Positions on a map can be ascertained by drawing a grid of rectangles across the map. The rectangles are labelled with letters on the left and numbers on the bottom. Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.

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3.1 3.2

Where would you locate Port Alfred on the map? Where would you locate East London on the map?

4. Study the map below, which is the same map as in number 3 above but with geographical co-ordinates, and answer the questions below.

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4.1 4.2

How would you describe to someone how to locate Port Alfred? How would you describe to someone how to locate East London?

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5. The map below shows a small portion of the Western Cape. Sibongile, a helicopter pilot, wants to fly from Worcester to Grabouw. Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.

5.1

Taking all the relevant information into account and determine whether it is possible for Sibongile to determine the distance from Worcester to Grabouw. Explain. Determine the distance from Worcester to Grabouw. Now that Sibongile knows the distance to fly, can he go ahead and take off? Explain. Determine the bearing of Sibongiles flight, using trigonometric ratios. Determine the size of the angle at Grabouw.

5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

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6. Two cars, starting from the intersection of two straight freeways, travel along the two highways at speeds of 55 km/h and 63 km/h respectively. If the angle of intersection of the freeways measures 72, how far apart are the cars after 30 minutes?

7. Look at the Cartesian plane below. You have to use compass directions to describe the relative positions of: 7.1 7.2 Point G from point C. Point B for point E.

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ANSWERS
1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 3 X 1,852 = 5,556 = 5,6 Kilometres
1 8 5 6

x 1,852 = 34,879 = 34,9 kilometres

20 nautical miles The bearing is 315. The bearing of the runway from the aircrafts position is 135. C2 C3 Port Alfred is approximately 33,5 S 26,9 E. East London is approximately 33 S 28 E. In both cases the latitude is given first and then the longitude as this is the way all geographical points are given. It is possible to determine, by means of Pythagoras, the distance that Sibongile has to travel. The lines from Worcester to Wellington and then to Grabouw, as drawn on the map, forms a right-angled triangle, which makes it possible to use Pythagoras. Pythagoras = c 2 = a2 + b2 c=
145 2 + 89 2

5.1

5.2

c = 170,14 kilometres from Worcester to Grabouw 5.3 No. He does not know exactly direction of the flight.

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5.4

Tan =

Opposite Adjacent

Tan =

145 89 = 58,46

Sibongile must fly S 58,46 W 5.5 A triangle has a total of 180. The angle at Wellington is 90. 180 (90 + 58,46) = 31,54 6. The cosine rule is required for this question. To determine how far the drivers have driven you have to divide their speed in two as they only travelled for 30 minutes, which is half an hour. The first car travelled at 55 km/h = 27,5 km The second car travelled at 63 km/h = 31,5 km If you draw a triangle and put in the information it would look like this:

d 2 = ( 27 ,5)2 +(31,5)2 2( 27 ,5)( 31,5) cos 72 d = 1213 ,128057 d = 34 ,82

The cars are 34,82 km apart.

7.1

Point G lies 3 units horizontally and 5 units vertically from point C. Let be the angle between the South-line at C and the line from C to G, then:

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tan =

= 30,96 = 31 G from C is S 31 E
7.2

3 5

Point B lies 5 units horizontally and 5 units vertically from point E. Let be the angle between the South-line at E and the line from E to B, then:
tan = 5 5

= 45 B for E is N 45 E

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