Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

LO4 Probability: Two-way tables and tree diagrams

1. Two six-sided dice are thrown at the same time. 1.1 Consider the possible outcomes and copy and complete the table below. Scores on two dice thrown at the same time 6;1 5;1 4;1 3;1 2;1 1;1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Score on second dice

1.2 1.3 1.4

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Scores on first dice

6 5 4 3 2 1

How many possible outcomes are there? What is the probability of rolling the same score on both dice? What is the probability of rolling a combination that includes the score 3?

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

2. The table below shows the result of the Durban July horse race and the odds of each horse at the start of the race. Position in race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Name of horse Wolfpower Pocket Rocket Gatecrasher Seacottage Seabiscuit Oceanspirit Sea Mist Braveheart Big Charles Catseyes Copy and complete the table. Which horse was the favourite? Did the horses finish in the order as reflected by their odds? What important lesson can you learn from your findings in 2.3 above? Odds 14 to 1 9 to 1 20 to 3 33 to 1 15 to 2 . to 1 . to 5 11 to 8 150 to 1 200 to 1 Probability
1 or 0,07 14

1 or 0,04 25 5 or 0,089 56

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

3.

A survey was conducted about a particular breakfast cereal. 200 males and 160 females were interviewed. The table below shows some of the results: MALES (a) 80 200 FEMALES 35 (b) 160 TOTALS 155 (c) (d)

Liked the cereal Did not like the cereal TOTAL 3.1
3.2

Copy and complete the table by calculating the values of the letters (a, b, c and d) in the table. What is the probability of a female liking the cereal? What is the probability of a male disliking the cereal? Xoli plans to spend a weekend with his friends. He is undecided about what clothes to take with him. He has to choose from the following items: Two pairs of trousers: blue jeans or black trousers. Three shirts: a blue T-shirt, a green T-shirt or a white shirt. Two pairs of shoes: a black pair or a grey pair.

3.3 4.

4.1 Draw a tree diagram to show all the possible combinations of trousers, shirts and shoes. 4.2 If each pair of trousers, each shirt and each pair of shoes have an equal chance of being chosen, what is the probability that Xoli will wear his blue jeans with his black shoes?

4.3 What is the probability of Xoli wearing his black trousers with a red shirt?

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

5.

Jarryd has seven blue socks and five red socks in his drawer. One dark winters morning he gets dressed for school without turning on the light. He chooses two socks from his drawer. Make use of a tree diagram to determine the probability of him choosing a matching pair.

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

ANSWERS
1.1 6 5 4 3 2 1 Scores on two dice thrown at the same time 6;1 6;2 6;3 6;4 6;5 6;6 5;1 5;2 5;3 5;4 5;5 5;6 4;1 4;2 4;3 4;4 4;5 4;6 3;1 3;2 3;3 3;4 3;5 3;6 2;1 2;2 2;3 2;4 2;5 2;6 1;1 1;2 1;3 1;4 1;5 1;6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Score on second dice

1.2 1.3 1.4

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Scores on first dice

6 x 6 = 36 possible outcomes
6 1 = = 0,17 36 6 11 = 0,31 36

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

2.1 Position in race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.2

2.3

Name of horse Wolfpower Pocket Rocket Gatecrasher Seacottage Seabiscuit Oceanspirit Sea Mist Braveheart Big Charles Catseyes

Odds 14 to 1 9 to 1 20 to 3 33 to 1 15 to 2 . to 1 . to 5 11 to 8 150 to 1 200 to 1

Probability
1 or 0,07 14 1 or 0,11 9 3 or 0,15 20 1 or 0,03 33 2 or 0,13 15 1 or 0,04 25 5 or 0,089 56 8 or 0,7272 11 1 or 0,00666 150 1 or 0,005 200

With a probability of 0,7272, Braveheart was the favourite. No. Braveheart came 8th. Four other horses were expected to do better than Wolfpower, who came first. Although odds/probability of winning is given, there is not guarantee when gambling. The probability of losing your money when gambling appears quite high if the above scenario is an indication of what happens generally in gambling. MA FEMALES LES 120 35 80 125 200 160 TOTAL 155 205 360

2.4

3.1 Liked the cereal Did not like the cereal TOTAL

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

3.2 3.3

35 7 = = 0,218 160 32 80 2 = = 0,4 200 5

4.1

Tree Diagram:

4.2 4.3 5.

1 = 0,0833 12

0 probability, as there is no red shirt.

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

The probability of choosing two blue socks: P(BB) =

7 6 42 = 12 11 132

The probability of choosing two red socks: P(RR) =

5 4 20 = 12 11 132

As both blue and red socks can result in a matching pair we have to add the two probabilities together: P(Matching Pair) = P(BB) + P(RR) =
42 20 62 31 + = = = 0,4696 132 132 132 66

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