1.

INTRODUCTION The definition of irrigation: It is just an application

of water; it is simply a complex interaction of water quality and quantity management, soil management of crops, all of which continuously interact with the new technology. A few brief considerations are presented on major irrigation problems to which more attention is currently being paid by researchers. Only 17% of all croplands are under irrigation, but these lands produce over one-third of the world's food. So, there are requirements of scheduling methods. Our seminar is

dealing with an efficient application of scientific knowledge in agricultural field. Fully 70% of all fresh water used every year throughout the world is used for irrigated agriculture. Only about half of all water withdrawn for irrigation, however, reaches the crops. The rest soaks into unlined irrigation canals, leaks out of pipes, or evaporates on its way to the fields. Badly planned and poorly built irrigation systems have limited the yields on one-half of all irrigated land about 120 million hectares. 1.1 Problems that are faced by todays farmers:

(a) Over irrigation because of poor management of water distribution. (b) Vaporization of water (c) Un-uniform distribution of water (d) Water unavailability. (e) Electricity consumption. There exist a huge gap between the farmers and regional agricultural laboratory. For proper growth and proper distribution of water, farmers cannot interpret the mathematical data and it is also difficult for the researchers to explain it to them. In our seminar we are scheduling the irrigation process.

2. WHAT IS PLC?

Fig. PLC block diagram A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an electronic device that control machines and processes. It uses a programmable memory to store instructions and execute specific functions that include ON/OFF control, timing, counting, sequencing, arithmetic, and data handling. In operation, the memory unit sequentially scans inputs (limit switches, push buttons) in cyclic fashion to determine which outputs (motor starters, lights) should be turned on or off.

3. BASIC PLC PARTS

Fig. Basic PLC parts Central Processing Unit CPU performs the task necessary to fulfill the PLC

functions. These tasks include Scanning, I/O bus traffic control, Program execution, Peripheral and External device communication, special functions or data

handling execution and self diagnostics.

4. ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

Fig. PLC Input and Output Diagram 4.1 PLC: Input module These modules act as interface between real-time

status of process variable and the CPU. Ex: Pressure, Flow, Level, Switches,

Pushbuttons, pump valve on off status 4.2 PLC: Output module These modules act as link between the CPU and the

output devices in the field.

Ex: Control Valve, lamps, Pump valve on off control

5. APPLICATIONS: 5.1 Machine controls, Packaging, Material handling. Advantages of PLC: They are fast and designed for the rugged industrial

environment. 5.2 They are attractive on Cost-Per-Point Basis. Disadvantages of PLC: To maximize PLC performance and Flexibility, a

number of Optional modules must be added.

6. SCADA SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. It generally refers to an industrial control system: a computer system monitoring and controlling a process. The term SCADA is monitor and control entire sites, or complexes of systems spread out over large areas. Most control actions are performed automatically by Programmable Logic Controllers ("PLCs"). For example, a PLC may control the flow of cooling water through part of an industrial process, but the SCADA system may allow operators to change the set points for the flow, and enable alarm conditions, such as loss of flow and high temperature, to be displayed and recorded.

The feedback control loop passes through the PLC, while the SCADA system monitors the overall performance. Data acquisition begins at the PLC level and includes meter readings and equipment status reports that are communicated to SCADA as required. Data is then compiled and formatted in such a way that a control room operator makes supervisory decisions to adjust normal (PLC) controls

FIGURE:

Fig. SCADA

SCADA systems typically implement a distributed database, commonly referred to as a tag database, which contains data elements called tags or points. A point represents a single input or output value monitored or controlled by the system. It's also common to store additional data, such as the path to a field device or PLC

register, design time, and alarm information. Siemens software used for SCADA is WinCC and WinFlex.

6.1Basic features of SCADA Dynamic representation Database connectivity Device connectivity Alarms Scripts Security Management Networking

7. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

7.1 Block Diagram:

Fig. Block diagram

8. PROCEDURE IN AUTO-MODE: a) b) c) Select the date and time. Select the auto-mode. Suggestion will be provided on the display screen for the selection of crop on present season. d) e) f) g) Select the type of crop. Lock the crop. Start the system in auto-mode. The internal values for the crop management will be generated in PLC as per the figured formula. h) According to the generated value pump will be ON/OFF automatically as per the schedule. i) If some emergency conditions, such as rainfall are sensed then proper delay is provided and pump will switch ON/OFF automatically.

8.1 Procedure in Manual mode: a) b) c) Select the manual mode. Press start push button to start the pump. And stop push button to stop the pump.

8.2 Emergency Conditions:

During the cycle of the process if natural calamities and the crop gets damaged then By pressing the emergency push button farmer can reset the recipe.

8.4 DIAGRAM

*Crop coefficient & vaporization * Water requirement * Wat * Water absorbing

Capacity = = vaporization x crop coefficient

REGIONAL

water flow liter per hour Distance between x distance b/w Two distribution line two nozzle

AGRICULTURAL

* Time interval of water =

water requirement Water absorbing capacity

RESEARCH

OUR SYSTEM

LAB

By the agriculturist formula for the quantity of water for the crop Water requirement = vaporization x crop coefficient Water absorbing capacity = hour Distance between x Distance between two distribution line two nozzle

water flow liter per

 Time interval for water =

Water requirement Water absorbing capacity

Solution Filling the gap between farmers and regional agricultural laboratory. Taking the data from the lab and making it available on our system. Farmer cannot interpret the mathematical data, so our system is Graphical User Interface (SCADA). 8.5 For example- Papaya tree Coefficient is 0.5 Vaporization is 4mm per day. Distance between two distribution line = 1.5m Distance between two nozzle = 0.4m Water flows for 2 liter per hour Water requirement = 0.5 x 4 = 2mm per day Water absorbing capacity= 2liter/hour (1.5 m x 0.4m) =3.33mm/h

 Time interval for water= 2 3.33 = 0.66 hrs/day or 36 min/day So it means we need to give 36 min of water for the papaya tree per day.

9. SCADA SCREEN Screen9. 1: MAIN SCREEN:

DATE: To set the date. For setting up of date click on the date and enter the input by keypad. MONTH: To set the month. For setting up of month click on the date and enter the input by keypad. HOURS: To set the hour. For setting up of hours click on the date and enter the input by keypad. MINUTES: To set the minutes. For setting up of minutes click on the date and enter the input by keypad.

Next Screen: To switch for screen 2 (i.e. crop selection) CLICK on icon (next screen).

SCREEN 9. 2: CROP SELECTION

DURING: It shows the duration of crop for that running month. SUGGESTION FOR THE CROP: It suggests the best crop for that period. SELECT CROP: From this a farmer can choose crop as per his choice from the icons crop x, crop y or crop z.

Selected crop will be displayed in CROP ____ SELECTED in the form of a blink. NEXT SCREEN: To switch for screen 3(i.e. Mode of operation) CLICK on icon (next screen).

SCREEN 9. 3: MODE OF OPERATION

Selected crop will be displayed in CROP____ SELECTED in the form of a blink. Here the farmer will select of automatic mode or manual mode. In MODE OF OPERATION SELECTED it will show the selected mode. For going to next screen click selected mode. AUTO: to switch for screen 4 CLICK on icon (AUTO MODE SCREEN).

MANUAL: to switch for screen 5 CLICK on icon (MANUAL MODE SCREEN).

SCREEN 9. 4: AUTO MODE SCREEN

Its shows PUMP status: i.e. OFF by RED Colour and ON by GREEN colour. START/ STOP SWITCH: to start or stop system.

Here GREEN colour shows the ON status of the pump. REQUIRED TIME: it will show the total time to switch ON the pump required in a day for irrigation for selected crop. ACCUMULATED TIME: it shows the accumulated time of required time. MAIN SCREEN: to switch for screen 1 CLICK on icon (main screen).

SCREEN 9.5: MANUAL MODE.

Its shows PUMP status: OFF by RED Colour and ON by GREEN colour. START/STOP SWITCH: to start or stop system manually.

9.6 ADVANTAGES This system is more reliable & flexible. This system can be easily programmed with more

functions. Graphical user interface can also be provided with an

easy way. We can operate on more than one field simultaneously

with different crops.

9.7 DISADVANTAGE Language version of SCADA is not yet developed i.e. its only available with English version. Sometimes cost margin may be rise.

10. CONCLUSION We can operate on more than one field simultaneously which reduces the cost of installation on larger scale. In future we would like to add some more features like security, internet connectivity, and online videos. The data which is acquired will be sent directly to the weather stations and scientists for further analysis. With the help of this system reducing the burden from farmers. With effective formula we are giving adequate water to crop which increases the productivity.

11. REFERENCES 1. A.M. Michael , Irrigation Theory and Practices, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. 1985 IETE Technical Review Vol. 20, No.3,2003 2. Freney J.R., Some Observations On Nature On Organic Sulphur Compound In Soil Aust. J. Agric. Res.12:424:432. (1961). 3. 4. Journal Of Instrument Society Of India Vol. No. 36 Chesnin L. and C. H. Turbidimetric Determination Of Available Sulhates. Soil Sci. Soc. AM. Proc.15:149-151. 5. Volnei A. Pedroni, Circuit Design With VHDL. Prentice Hall Of India Datasheet For TREXC1 Development Kit. 6. 7. 8. 9. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_irrigation www.dripdepot.com www.cropinfo.net/drip.htm www.dripirrigation.com/drip_tutorial.php