BOOK 1 1. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN CAPACITANCE, INDUCTANCE AND RESONANCE.

Explain briefly capacitance Capacitance can be defines as the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. The SI unit for capacitance is the farad. Capacitance is dependant upon the Plate area, the distance between the plates and the di-electric between the plates. In an AC circuit, capacitance oppose the change in current flow. Explain briefly inductance When a current change takes place in an inductance coil, an e.m.f is induced into the coil which opposes the change in current flow (Lenz Law). The induce voltage will then be maximized when the rate of current change is greatest. Inductance is the ability of a conductor to induce a voltage into itself when a change in current is applied to the inductor. The SI unit for inductance is the henry. OR Inductance is the property of an electrical circuit causing voltage to be generated proportional to the rate of change on current in a circuit. Explain briefly resonance Resonance occurs when the reactance of the inductor equals the reactance of the capacitor at a particular frequency in a tuned circuit. In a series tuned circuit, the current will be maximum and its impedance minimum, while in a parallel tuned circuit, the current will be minimum under resonant conditions. 2. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN PARALLEL TUNED CIRCUIT AND DRAW THE RESPONSE CURVE. A parallel tuned circuit will behave as a purely resistive circuit at resourance. The supply current has a minimum value and the impedaure is maximum. 1. When X, (indicative reactance) equals X, (capacitive reactance) i.e. I equal Ic, the supply current is zero. With no current flow from an applied voltage, the () of the circuit becomes infinite. This is known as a parallel resource, which can be achieved by adjusting L,C or frequency, and the circuit, parallel tuned.

3. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN SERIES TUNED CIRCUIT AND DRAW THE RESPONSE CURVE. 4. WHAT IS SELECTIVITY? Selectivity is the ability of a tuned circuit to respond strongly to the frequency to which it is tuned and to give a poor response to other frequencies either side of resonance. 5. DEFINE BANDWIDTH. The bandwidth of a circuit is the separation between two frequencies either side of the resonance at which the output has fallen to 0.707 of the maximum value. 6. WHAT IS MEANT BY FEEDBACK? Feedback is a process where part of the amplifiers output is fed back to the amplifiers input. If this process cause the output to increase it is known as positive feedback but if it causes a decrease in the output amplitude it is called negative feedback. 7. WHAT IS DECIBEL? A decibel is a way of expressing power gains or losses as a logarithmic unit. Doubling the power is equivalent to a power gains of + 3db. While halving the power is equivalent to a power gain of -3db. 8. WHAT IS AN OSCILLATOR? An oscillator is a positive feedback amplifier design to provide an alternating waveform of known frequency and waveform. 9. DISCUSS FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION. These are circuits that are used to obtain high frequency output from low frequency sources. 10. DISCUSS FREQUENCY TRANSLATION. This is also known as mixing, and it is the process of changing one frequency to another with little or no degradation of the information contained in the signal.