Banduras Social Learning Theory posits that people learn from one another , via observation, imitation, and

modeling. The theory has often been called a b ridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation. People learn through observing others behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on l ater occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. (Bandura, 199 7). Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous recipr ocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. There are necessary conditions for effective modelling which includes attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. Since student nurses are exposed to lec tures and RLEs ( Related Learning Experience), their attention to such subjects i s developed. Through their exposure on duties on clinics, hospitals and communit y, it contributes to their retention and reproduction of these information. Sinc e, they already have this first-hand experience, they are now motivated to imita te and do it all over again because they saw it as something new and developed a good reason to imitate. The theory is related to Vygotskys Social Development Theory and Laves Situated Le arning, which also emphasize the importance of social learning. Laves Situated Learning, in contrast with most classroom learning activities that involve abstract knowledge which is and out of context, Lave argues that learni ng is situated; that is, as it normally occurs, learning is embedded within acti vity, context and culture. It is also usually unintentional rather than delibera te. Lave and Wenger (1991) call this a process of legitimate peripheral participa tion. Knowledge needs to be presented in authentic contexts settings and situations th at would normally involve that knowledge. Social interaction and collaboration a re essential components of situated learning learners become involved in a commun ity of practice which embodies certain beliefs and behaviors to be acquired. As t he beginner or novice moves from the periphery of a community to its center, he or she becomes more active and engaged within the culture and eventually assumes the role of an expert. Other researchers have further developed Situated Learning theory. Brown, Collin s & Duguid (1989) emphasize the idea of cognitive apprenticeship: Cognitive appre nticeship supports learning in a domain by enabling students to acquire, develop and use cognitive tools in authentic domain activity. Learning, both outside an d inside school, advances through collaborative social interaction and the socia l construction of knowledge. There are different nursing subjects that student nurses are enrolled to , which makes them efficient enough to take the role of being an advocate to lea rning. Considering the fact that they have their duties, outside school, they le arn more and gain knowledge on what is really happening with our world today. Ou r study talks about knowledge, Lave gave an example how human beings acquire kno wledge inside and outside school. As early as second years, student nurses have their clinical duty and community duty. They apply what they learn in the school , and also gain additional knowledge outside school that enhances their familiar ity with the situation. ****ito paedit na lang, I mean padagdag ng relevance sa study natin. Vygotskys Social Development Theory is the work of Russian psychologist Lev Vygot sky (1896-1934), It asserts three major themes: 1. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development. In contrast to Jean Piagets understanding of child development (in w hich development necessarily precedes learning), Vygotsky felt social learning p recedes development. He states: Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; f irst, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsycho logical). (Vygotsky, 1978). 2. The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO). The MKO refers to anyone who has a b etter understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to

a particular task, process, or concept. The MKO is normally thought of as being a teacher, coach, or older adult, but the MKO could also be peers, a younger per son, or even computers. 3. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The ZPD is the distance between a students ability to perform a task under adult guidance and/or with peer collab oration and the students ability solving the problem independently. According to Vygotsky, learning occurred in this zone. Vygotsky focused on the connections between people and the sociocultural context in which they act and interact in shared experiences (Crawford, 1996). Accordin g to Vygotsky, humans use tools that develop from a culture, such as speech and writing, to mediate their social environments. Initially children develop these tools to serve solely as social functions, ways to communicate needs. Vygotsky b elieved that the internalization of these tools led to higher thinking skills. Applications of the Vygotskys Social Development Theory Many schools have traditionally held a transmissionist or instructionist model i n which a teacher or lecturer transmits information to students. In contrast, Vygo tskys theory promotes learning contexts in which students play an active role in learning. Roles of the teacher and student are therefore shifted, as a teacher s hould collaborate with his or her students in order to help facilitate meaning c onstruction in students. Learning therefore becomes a reciprocal experience for the students and teacher. For more information, see: Driscoll, M. P. (1994). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Needham, MA: All yn & Bacon. Crawford, K. (1996) Vygotskian approaches to human development in the informatio n era. Educational Studies in Mathematics. (31) 43-62. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental proces ses. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wertsch, James V. Sohmer, Richard. (1995). Vygotsky on learning and development. Human Development. (38 ) 332-37. Brown, J.S., Collins, A. & Duguid, S. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42. Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in Practice: Mind, mathematics, and culture in everyd ay life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1990). Situated Learning: Legitimate Periperal Participa tion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press. http://www.learning-theories.com/situated-learning-theory-lave.html http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html