Research Article

THE FOUNDATION OF KALHORA POWER IN LARKANA & KAMBER-SHAHDADKOT DISTRICTS OF UPPER SINDH-PAKISTAN. (1591-1701)

By Sheikh Javed Ali Sindhi

The gaves of Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro and his son Shah Hassan in Deh Elchi Taluka Kamber, District Kamber Shahdadkot, Sindh.

Presented By Saroh Social Development Organization Shahdadkot Saroh Office, Near Scientific Public School, Railway Station Road, Shahdadkot, District Kamber-Shahdadkot, Sindh, Pakistan- 77300 Ph: +92-74-4012896, Cell: +92-3337505896 E-mail: org.saroh@gmail.com 2011 1

THE FOUNDATION OF KALHORA POWER IN LARKANA & KAMBER-SHAHDADKOT DISTRICTS OF UPPER SINDH-PAKISTAN. (1591-1701) By Sheikh Javed Ali Sindhi ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Larkana (1901) is the s the 4th largest city in the north-western part of Sindh Province, Pakistan. In August 2001 Larkana celebrated its hundred years of existence. It is located on the south bank of the Ghar canal, 40 miles south of Shikarpur town, and 36 miles north-east of Mehar. The old name of this district is Chandka or Chandookah, so called from the Chandio tribe who formerly occupied a greater part of it. The extreme length of Chandka Purgannah was 60 miles, and its average breadth was 35 miles in December 1846. It was divided in 19 minor divisions or Tapas, varying in size, to each of which a separate establishment was formerly appointed. The total number of villages was 392 in the year 1846.According to Zulfiqar Ali Kalhoro, a Research Anthropologist & P.hd Scholar Sardar Sreman Chandio laid the foundation of Chandka/Chandia Jagir in 1501. This Jagir was bestowed upon him by Jam Nizamuddin Samo alias Jam Nindo (1439-1509), the famous Sultan of Samma Dynasty of Sindh, which ruled in Sindh, some parts of Punjab and Balochistan (region) from 1351-1551. The Chandka Jagir was given, in return of his military services provided by Sardar Sreman Chandio and his tribesmen against the Arghuns who were frequently invading Western Sindh. This chief flourished himself at Ghaibidero Jagir in taluka Kamber district Kamber Shahdadkot, Sindh and died in A.D 1527. The Chandka Jagir bestowed upon him is said to be 9, 99,999 Acres of land. He was considered a cultural hero in the tribal history of Sindh. Sardar Sreman Chandio had two sons; Haji Wariyal Khan II and Husan Khan. Mirzani and Husnani clans of Chandio tribe are called after their names. Sardar Wariyal Khan II survived till 1586 and left behind Sardar Mirza Khan II as Chief of Chandio tribe. At the time of Conquest of Sindh by Mirza Abdul Rahim Khan-eKhanan Sardar Mirza Khan II was leading the country. In 1591 news arrived in Mughal Court that Jani Beg Turkhan had struck coins in his own name. His behavior induced the emperor to conquer his territories. In the same year Abdul Rahim Khan eKhanan took over the charge of Multan and proceeded Sindh to punish the Turkhans who were in support from Safavids of Iran and Portuguese. With the prayers and support of Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro, Mirza Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khanan, a commander of Akber conquered Sindh from Mirza Jani Beg Turkhan in 1590-91. Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro (1520-1600) is believed to have been founder of Mianwal Movement in Sindh. He was disciple of Syed Miran Muhammad Mehdi, a celebrated saint of Jaunpur India. After travelling over a great part of the country Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro settled down at the village of Hatr in Chndookah or present Larkana District of Upper Sindh. Here he was joined by Wadero Khabar Abro along with his dependents, who later became his disciples. According to H.A.Roses A Glossary of the Tribes and Casts of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province: L-Z, Volume 3, 1997, Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro with 3,000 men of his own tribe had marched down to Hyderabad Area in Sindh from Aleppo owing chiefly to dissensions among his brothers. (Page 382) Mirza Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khanan bestowed a Jagir to Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro in Chandookah /Larkana Purgannah for his valuable services during this military campaign. After some time Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro went over to Multan, to pay a visit to Makhdoom Lal Esan Qureshi the celebrated living saint of the time, and a descendent of Sheikh Bahuddn Zakariya Multani. A large number of disciples joined him here and he was obliged to occupy a spacious tract of country. The movement under his governorship consolidated its position in the greater part of north-western Sindh. This excited the jealousy of the landowners of the place, at whose instigation the Nawab of Bakkar and Governor of Multan had him killed and thus he became a martyr. In this way Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro was killed as a rebel in 1600 and was buried on a rock near Sukkur Sindh. His followers continued Mianwal Daira in Chandookah Pargannah. Daud Khan Chandio, the chief of Husnani tribe was killed in 1614 during a battle against the troops of Mirzani tribe at Maho near Ghaibidero. After this

battle which involved much bloodshed, the Husnani tribe decided to move to the present Shahdadkot and Miro Khan Talukas of present Kamber Shahdadkot District, Sindh. According to the local accounts this battle claimed 1,600 lives from both sides.Sardar Mirza Khan II Chandio died very soon after the martyrdom of Mian Adam shah Kalhoro probably in 1615. He left behind a son called Sardar Malak Ghaibi Khan Chnadio. He died in 1699. According to historical records Larkana was a part of Multan Province during Mughal Rule of India (1526-1751 A.D) and purely was result of the Construction of a canal called Ghar Wah. At that time province of Multan was divided into several administrative units. The largest unit was called Sarkar. Multan had 3 Sarkars namely (1) Multan (2) Dipalpur and (3) Bhakkar. These Sarkars were further divided into several Pargannahs the province of Multan had 88 Pargannahs. Each Pargannah was an aggregate of a large number of villages. It was essentially a revenue unit concerned primarily with measurement, assessment and collection of revenue. Each Pargannah had a Shiqdar, one Amin, one Treasurer and Two Karkuns or writers one for Persian and another for Hindi languages. According to Irfan Habib Bhakkar had 15 Mahals and its revenue was 2, 43, 87, 248 Dams. Its prominent Pargannahs were Matila (Mirpur Mathelo), Alore (Aror), Ladh Kaban (Kharh Kaan ), Kakari (Kakhari in the Ain Akbari), Darbela, Jatoi, Chandauka (Chaunduala of Ain), Sukkur, Fateh Pur (6 miles from Larkana), Adilpur, Sultanpur and Dabarwahan, lahri, Kandiaro, Sirwah, Fatehpur ( a place close to Ganjaba). Shaikh Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allama (January 14, 1551 - August 12, 1602) was the Wazir of the great Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible. He was also the brother of Faizi, the poet laureate of Emperor Akbar. The Ain-i-Akbari was completed in the 42nd regnal year, but a slight addition was made to it in the 43rd regnal year on the account of the conquest of Berar. . Giving description of Multan, Bhakkar and Siwi Shaikh Abu al-Fazl writes in Ain Akbari (Vol: II) that, Multn is one of the oldest cities of India: Long. 107 35'; Lat. 29 52'. It has a brick fort and a lofty minaret adds to its beauty. Shaikh Bahu'ddn Zakary and many other saints here repose.Bhakkar (Bhukkur) is a notable fortress; in ancient chronicles it is called Manrah. The six rivers united roll beneath it, one channel passing the southern face of the fort, the other the northern. The rainfall is inconsiderable; the fruits excellent. Between Siwi and Bhakkar is a vast desert, over which for three months of the hot season the simoom blows. The river Sind (Indus) inclines every few years alternately to its southern and northern banks and the village cultivation follows its course. For this reason the houses are constructed of wood and grass. This Sbah comprises three Sarkrs of 88 parganahs, all under assessment for crops paying special rates. The measured land is 3,273,932 bighas, 4 biswas. The gross revenue is 15 krors, 14 lakhs, and 3,619 dms. (Rs. 378,590-8-0), of which 30 lakhs, 59,948 dms (Rs. 76,498-11-2), are Suyrghl. The local Militia consists of 18,785 Cavalry and 165,650 Infantry.(Page325). The Ain Akbari calls Larkana as the name of Chaunduala. Amir-ul-Mulk Nawab Mir Muhammad Masoom Bakhri in his Persian work History of Sindh or Tarekh-e-Masumi (1600 A.D), Idraki Beglari in Beglarnama (1608), Syed Tahir Muhammad Nusyani Thatvi in Tareekh-e-Tahiri (1621), Yousif Meerak in his Tareekh-e-Mazhar Shahjahani (1634) and Syed Mir Muhammad bin Jalal Thatvi in Turkhan Nama (1654) also write the name of Chandooka/ Chandka Pargannah of Sindh. Bagh Ali Khaef in Nama-e-naghaz (1742), Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro in Manshoor-ul-Wasiyat Wa Dastoor Al Hukoomat (1755) and Mir Ali Sher Qani Thatvi (1768) later take both names of Chandookh Pargannah and Larkana while narrating Sindh issues. Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro had two sons namely 1) Mian Daud Kalhoro and 2) Mian Ibrahim Kalhoro. Agha Shah Muhammad Kotwal and his disciples selected Mian Daud Kalhoro as their new leader. Suleman Faqir Khoso of Shahdadkot was very close to Mian Adam Shah Kalhoro because of his righteousness. The descendents of Suleman Faqir Khoso are known as Sulemani Khosas and they speak Siraiki language. Mian Daud Kalhoro extended his power and authorities in Hatri village near

Larkana. He left 2 sons behind him Mian Ilyas Muhammad Kalhoro and Mian Shah Ali alias Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro. Mian Ilyas Muhammad Kalhoro brought new agricultural lands in his custody and increased disciples number. He died in 1620 in a small village of Mujawar in taluka Dokri District Larkana. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro built a beautiful tomb on his grave in 1188 A.H/ 1774 A.D which is in ruins now. After the death of Mian Ilyas Muhammad Kalhoro all disciples made Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro as their new spiritual guide and governor of the area. Mian Shahul Muhammad Kalhoro took over the lands of Abro and Sangi tribes and in retaliation killed in uprising by Nawab Sheikh Ahmed Bakhri in 1657. Local tradition says that his body is buried without head, which his adversaries Abras and Sangis took away with them-selves and sent it to Lahore and thence towards Delhi Court. The shrine of Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro is situated on a high mound 8 Km in the north-east of Kamber. The tomb was also constructed by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in 1188 A.H/1774 A.D. Mian Chakar Khuhawar ,Mondar Khan Chandio and Mian Lal Jhinjhan were his loyal soldiers and followers. Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro dug Ghar Wah from Indus River and cultivated more lands in and around Larkana. According to M.H.Panhwar It was one of the western branches of the Indus River and was remodeled by Abra tribesmen during Samma Rule and was known as Abro Wah. His annual Urs is celebrated every year in Kamber-Shahdadkot with high esteem. Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro had a son Mian Shah Hassan Kalhoro who lies buried beside his grave in the same building. A local tradition says that Pir Jan Muhammad Kalhoro of Ratodero was his brother of Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro. After the martyrdom of Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro by Mughals Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro succeeded the governorship in 1068.AH / 1657 A.D. He acquired more celebrity for piety and virtue than any of his predecessors, and therefore was envied by most of the people of his time. Accordingly the natives of the place came and incited the Mughuls of Bakhar to harass and trouble him. Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro was therefore obliged to leave the place and go to a sandy desert near Shahdadkot. The grandson of Suleman Faqir Khoso, Jamo Faqir Khoso was the disciple of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro here. He was very close and faithful to Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro. It is why he also held him in very high esteem. Jamo Faqir left behind four sons, namely 1) Mian Hayat Faqir 2) Mian Sohrab Faqir 3) Mian Hazur Faqir and 4) Mian Bahadur Faqir. Jamo Faqir Khoso originally belonged to Dera Ghazi Khan and had migrated towards Sindh in the days of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro. Jamo Faqir Khoso is burried in the graveyard of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro at Gaarhi while his sons are burried in a historical garveyard near Sanjer Bhatti. It is located some 15 Km in the north-east of Shahdadkot and contains tombs and graves of Mianwal saints and soldiers of Kalhora time. Mian Hayat Khoso had a son Mian Chhutal Khoso. This graveyard of Khosa Faqirs is locally known as Chhutal Faqir Jo Muqam. Annual Urs of these saints is held every year on 14th March. The life of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro can be divided into 3 periods. In first period he paved for the Kalhora Rule in Sindh and traveled towards Multan and Lahore for strengthening Kalhora Movement. There he remained as a guest of Amir Feroze Khan Daudpota whose ancestors were his relatives in Sindh a long time ago. Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro lived much time in Punjab in this way. After some days of hardship and want, he left Larkana and settled in the plains of Kachho where he established his capital. Seeing this Mr Panhwar, the chief of the Panhwars, taking an army from the Governor of Bakhar, commanded among other leaders by Mirza Khan Pini, the Governor of Siwi came and fought with Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro, but soon a truce was made and Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro was sent to the Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir, who kept him in confinement at Gawaliyar for some time. Jamo Faqir Khoso accompanied Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro during his journeys. During this period, fighting went on with the Mians followers, until Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro managed to escape and returned to his native place with the help of Amir Muhammad Bahadur Khan Daudpota of Shikarpur who did his arrangements in Chandookha Purgannah or Larkana area. He once more settled his affairs satisfactorily and began to lead a comfortable and secure life among his followers. He laid the foundation of a new town on the land of the Panwhars in present Dadu District, bounded on one side by the hills of Khirthar Range and on another by a stream of cool water. He called the town by the name of Gaarhi due to red sand and took up his residence in it. Despite his old age, Jamo Faqir Khoso actively participated in the construction work of Garrhi and its Grand Mosque. All of his four sons got their early

education in the Madressah of Gaarhi where Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro used to teach his disciples. The village of Hatri Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro gave to Foujo Fakir, one of his followers, and the Kacho or Riverine area to another of his Fakirs by name Inayat Shah. His followers, who so long had deserted their villages and strongholds, returned and settled permanently and occupied themselves in extending their landed property and territorial possessions. On one occasion they had to fight in an open field with Mir Yakub Khan, the Governor of Bakhar and were victorious. Similarly they fought several times with the governors of different neighbouring places and on all these occasions their arms were attended with success. The parganah of Lakhat was taken from the Mughuls of Swistan on a farming contract. Makan Morah was secured through the exertions of Farid Bhagat, and the parganah of Sahti was brought into possession through Ferz Wrar, who built a town there calling it Naushahro.After this, the Sirais were firmly established in different parts of the country. Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro spearheaded the Mianwal Movement from 1657 to 1692 A.D, leaving behind a legacy in the form of the shrines of his disciples. The leaders of Mianwal Movement struggled against the foreign rule of the Mughals and eventually sucedded in overpowering them. After a successful reign of 35 years in 1103 A.H/ 1692 A.D Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro died and was buried in Gaarhi near Kakar taluka Khairpur Nathan Shah District Dadu Sindh. His tomb was built by his son Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro in 1130 A.H/ 1708 A.D. Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit was only 19 years old when the construction work of this beatiful tomb was completed. Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro had 3 sons Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro, Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro, Mian Mir Muhammad Kalhoro and a daughter sister Bibi Khudejah Kalhoro. In almost every part of Jacobabad, Kamber-Shahdadkot, Larkana and Dadu districts one finds the shrines of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoros disciples. Phd Scholar Zulfiqar Ali Kalhoro (July 2009) gives following names of some disciples in his writings ; Gaji Shah Khoso, Feroze Faqir Virar, Abdullah Abro alias Shah Godrio, Foujo Faqir, Shah Panjo Dahote, Hyder Faqir Leghari, Jamo Faqir Khoso, Inayat Shah, Bahar Faqir Kaloi or Bahlel Shah, Rodan Faqir Chandio alias Rodan Shah, Ibrahim Shah Marri, Shah Bahoo alias Bahoo Faqir Leghari, Yaro Faqir Rind, Shaheed Bakher Faqir, Nindo Khoso, Baiyed Shaheed,Kamal Faqir Mashori, Roohal Faqir, Sobdar Faqir Talpur, Bagho Chandio, Shaheed Jado Othwal, Tajo Faqir Othwal, Ladho Faqir Lund, Faqir Allahdad Lund, Fatoo Faqir Pakhali, Meeran Shah Solangi, Farid Bhagat, Jangoo Khan Jamali, Shahan Faqir Rodhnani, Golo Khoso, Faqir Gaji Khuhawar, Bisharat Khuhawar, Sarang Faqir Khuhawar, Shahdad Faqir Khoso, Muhammad Yousif Chhajro alias Yousif Shah Jilani, Nanger Faqir Magsi, Shah Wasayo Chandio, Mian Chhutal Khoso, Beero Khan Markahand, Mian Majan Gopang, Rato Faqir Wahoocho, Mian Sohrab Khoso, Alisahib Khan Palari, Mian Hazur Khoso, Yousif Faqir Chhajro, Mian mundhan Khoso, Eso Khan Markahand, Mian Bahadur Khoso. The descendents of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro hold many holy relics. His sandals and a bowl were placed in an exhibition organized in the Seminar at the tomb of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro on 22nd April 1987. These relics were presented with the cooperation of Mian Nazaqat Ali Abbassi. Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro was succeeded by Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro in 1692. He rose to become the leader of Mianwal Faqirs and subsequently, led the movement wisely. The Kalhoras had already become strong under the leadership of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro and brought many areas under their rule. Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro continued the mission of his father and gained great popularity, which constantly irritated the Mughal Governor of Bakhar. They had become politically strong and captured more areas where they then established their rule. The rising power of the Kalhoras was not acceptable to the Mughals and their loyals. The Mughals and their supporters were scared of the rising power of Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro and his movement in Chandookah Purgannah of Bakkhar, a Sarkar of the Multan province. In A.D 1695 Prince Muiz ul-Din the eldest son of Muazam Shah Alam was appointed as Governor of Multan by the orders of his grandfather emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir. On his recommendations the emperor appointed his friend Muhammad Kazim son of Meerak Muin al-Din Amanat Khan as Diwan of Multan, Bhakkar and Siwistan in the same year. Muiz ul-Din paid his attention to towards the management of Multan. According to them the Kalhoras created disturbances following the example of the Hindu Sadhus who were in the habit of looting the innocent travelers in disguise of Faqirs. Persons belonging to Kalhora tribe harassed the innocent and peace loving people of the area and the highways thus became unsafe. According to the Mughals the Kalhoras even killed the people after snatching their valuables. This trend created a general stir in the area and a general sense of insecurity prevailed in the minds of the people. In order to crush the Movement, Prince Muizudin and his Mughal Governors of Bakhar and Sehwan worked in tendem and vowed to stamp out the Mianwal Movement. They attacked

various Dairas (Communes) of the Mianwal Faqirs umpteen times. However all their attacks were unavailing and the Mianwal Faqirs remained unyielding in their opposition to the Mughals, resisting them to the utmost. When the Mughals could not crush the Movement through a series of attacks on the Dairas of the Mianwal Faqirs, they got ready to settle the score with the Kalhoras once and for all. As the result, both the Kalhoras and Mughals met on the battlefield near Garello, a small town in Dokri taluka of Larkana district, served as the Daira of Kalhoras for over a century. Garello is located at the longitude of 68.1 and latitude of 27.4. The total distance between Garello to Larkana is 18 KM (kilometers) and 510.64 meters. The mile based measurement distance is 11.5 miles. In this battle Feroze Faqir Virar, a disciple of Mian Naisr Muhammad Kalhoro and a general of Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoros army spearheaded the Kalhora army, while Amir Sheikh Jehan led the Mughal forces sent by Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir. A large of Panhwar tribesmen also assisted Mughal army at this time. On the other hand main forces of Kalhora army came from Gaarhi and joined the Mianwal soldiers at this point. A battle was fought on 22nd Rabi-al-Sani 1110 A.H/ 1699 A.D in which a number of soldiers from both sides lost their lives. The Kalhoras completely routed the Mughals in that battle emerging as a formidable force. Amir Sheikh Jehan lost his life and Allah Yar Khan fled from battlefield. The notable soldiers of Kalhora Army who either lost their lives or survived the battle were Haji Khan Marri, Moonder Khan Chandio, Nindo Khan Janwari, Dinar Khan Chandio, Palyo Khan Janwari, Mir Khan Notani Chandio, Sohrab Faqir Khoso, Kachho Faqir alias Gulab Khoso, Baran Shah, Syed Sadari, Shah Eido Faqir Gishkori, Gohram Faqir Gadahi, Nooh Faqir, Alam Khan Faqir, Allahdad Faqir, Pheru Faqir, Sawan Faqir, Fazul Shah Lashari, Gamoon Faqir, Haibathan Faqir, Natho Faqir, Shahdad Faqir and others.All the soldiers of the Kalhora Army who died in the battle were buried in the Kachho area of Larkana/ Kamber Shahdadkot and Dadu Districts. Haji Khan Marri was taken to Phasi Laki in the Jagir area where he was posted. His tomb is situated in Deh Kohistan, UC Bago Daro Taluka Qubo Saeed Khan on a hillock some 40 Km south west of Shahdadkot. It is locally known as Marri Jo Qubo and can be seen from Kachi Pul, Qubo Saeed Khan and Mirpur Buriro. The tomb of Haji Khan Marri is believed to have been built by Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro in 1742 A.D. Haji Khan Marri left behind 8 sons: 1) Ibrahim Shah 2) Masti Khan 3) Hyder Khan 4) Jaffer Khan 5) Daulat Khan 6) Shakal Khan 7) Shadi Khan and 8) Shahdad Khan. His three sons Daulat Khan, Shakal Khan and Shadi Khan played very important role during the tenure of Mian Moor Muhammad Kalhoro. Descendents of Haji Khan Marri are known as Haji Zai Marris. A number of Haji Zai Marris also served the Talpur Amirs of Sindh (1783-1843) as their generals. When the Mughal Prince Muizuddin heard the news of the defeat of his governor Allah Yar Khan, and the death of his military officer, Sheikh Jehan by the Kalhora army he marched from Lahore to Sindh to retaliate. Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro deemed it wise to send his brother Mir Muhammad Kalhoro, and two advisors Qasim and Khaman to prince Muizuddin at Bakhar to submit. They appeared before the prince and convinced him with their intellect. After the submission of the Kalhoras, he returned to Lahore. One of the generals of Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro, Maqsoodo Faqir Jhinjhan thought that the prince retuned back without witnessing the bravery and valour of the Mianwal Faqirs. In order to display his heroism and gallantry, he, without the consent of his mentor, destroyed the villages of Mathelo and went as for as Uch to plunder villages. The prince was on his way to Lahore when the news of looting and ransacking of villages by Mianwal Faqirs reached him. Historical records tell us that he set out for Sindh again in a flash and ordered his army to attack on Sindhian villages. Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro kept mum over the plundering of villages by the prince. A fierce battle was fought on the banks of Nai Gaj in Dadu District in which How ever he asked for clemency and presented himself before the prince who took him to Multan, where, subsequently he was murdered. Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro had 2 sons; Mian Arz Muhammad Kalhoro and Mian Lashker Khan Kalhoro and both are buried in the necropolis of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro in Gaarhi Taluka Khairpur Nathan Shah District Dadu Sindh. According to the writer of Mughal Rule in Multan (1526-1751), Hafizullah Khan, the Governor of Thatta, with whom Prince Muizudin had very cordial relations, was a very noble person. He constructed a bridge for prince Muizudin in Siwistan/ Sehwan but during its construction he died of sun stroke in 1700 A.D. The dead body of Mian Din Muhammad Kalhoro was buried in Sindh. After this incident Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro, along with his followers went to Kalat for a refuge. On his entry there he was resisted by the Brohis. During this exile he was compelled to live on Khirthar Range on Mian Gun Peak, which was later named after him. This peak is 5100 feet high. These hills and the adjacent flood-swept plain are sparsely inhabited. After passing a year Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro returned back to Sindh in 1701.