Objective-C 2.0 Programming: Literals

Objective-C
2 Literals
Robert Chi
contact@robertchi.tw
Objective-C Programming 2

o 123
o A
o This is a book
(Integers)
(Floating Points)
Literals
(Texts)
(Booleans)

123
0123
0x123

printf()
printf(Decimal: %d\n, 123);

printf(Octal: %o\n, 0123);
printf(Hexadecimal: %x\n, 0x123);


%o %x
printf(Octal: %o\n, 0123);
123
printf(Hexadecimal: %x\n, 0x123);
123

printf(Octal: %#o\n, 0123);
0123
printf(Hexadecimal: %#x\n, 0x123);
0x123
Lab 02-01

o printf()

o
o
o
o
Lab/Practices/ 02-01-IntLiteralRadix
printf() 123, 0123, 0x123
123
%#o, %#x %o, %x
10
Lab 02-01

11
/
123u
-123
12
/
printf()
printf(Signed: %d\n, -123);

printf(Unsigned: %u\n, 123u);
13
/
0 1
-7
00000111
11111001
14
/
2s Complement
18
- 7
-----11
18
+ (-7)
-------11
00010010
????????
--------------- 00001011
15
/
2s Complement
18
+ (-7)
-------11
00010010
11111001
------------1 00001011
-7
11
16
/

o -7
o
-7 7
7 00000111
0 1 00000111 11111000
1s Complement
11111000 + 1 = 11111001
(-7) = 11111001
17
/

o 1
1
01001011
11001010
o

0
1 1
0 / 1
72
01001000
-72
10111000
18
o 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
11010011
11010011
= 27+26+0+24+0+0+21+20+
= - 00101101
= 128+64+16+2+1
= - (0+0+25+0+23+22+0+20)
211
= - (32+8+4+1)
=
- 45
19
Lab 02-02

o printf()
o 0 1

o Lab/Practices/ 02-02-IntLiteralSign
o
printf()
printf()
o printf()
o printf()
Mac Magic Number Machine for Mac
-123 32 bits
20
Lab 02-02

21

123
Integers

16 2 bytes
32/64 4 bytes
4 bytes
123L
Long Integers

4 bytes

8 bytes
123LL
Long Long Integers

8 bytes

8 bytes
22

printf()
printf(Integer: %d\n, 123);

printf(Long Integer: %ld\n, 123L);
printf(Long Long Integer: %lld\n, 123LL);

23
sizeof( 123 )
printf(Size: %lu \n,
sizeof( 123L )
);
sizeof( 123LL )
sizeof()
24
Lab 02-03

o
o sizeof

o Lab/Practices/ 02-03-IntLiteralSize
o printf()
o sizeof() bytes
25
Lab 02-03

26

o
o printf()
123
0123
0x123
123
123u
123
123L
123LL
()
l
ll
d
u
o
x
27
28

1.23F
1.23
1.23L
29

printf()
printf(Float: %f\n, 1.23F);

printf(Double: %f\n, 1.23);
printf(Long Double: %Lf\n, 1.23L);

30
1.23F
4 Bytes
1.23
8 Bytes
1.23L
16 Bytes
31
Lab 02-04

o %f%Lf floatdoublelong double
o floatdoublelong double

o Lab/Practices/ 02-04-FloatLiteralSize
o printf() floatdoublelong double
o printf() floatdoublelong double
32
Lab 02-04

33

1.23
1.23e-10
1.23 x 10-10
34

printf()
printf(Normal: %f\n, 1.23);

printf(Scientific: %e\n, 1.23e-5);
35
Lab 02-05

o %f%e

o Lab/Practices/ 02-05-FloatLiteralNotation
o printf()
o printf()
o printf() specifiers%12.8f
12
o %12.8f
0 .
0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0
8
36
Lab 02-05

37
0 1
IEEE 754
14 bits
(exponent)
48 bits
(normalized mantissa)
(Sign bit of exponent)

(Sign bit of mantissa)
38
0 1

o
o
o
o
o
IEEE 754

o (52.234375)10
= (110100.001111)2
= (0.110100001111)2 x 26
o IEEE 754
00000000000110
00000110100001111
000000000000011000000110100001111
0 1

39

o Objective-C
o printf()
o 0 1
1.23F
1.23
1.23L
1.23
1.23e-5
12
.8
f
e
40
41
C
SZ Format
Objective-C
NSString
42
La
1 byte
Mac 4 bytes
2 byte
Mac 4 bytes
43
\141
()
ASCII

44

o Escape Sequence
\n
New line
\t
Tab
\f
Form feed
\b
Backspace
\\
\\
\
45

printf()
o %c
printf(Char: %c \n,
La
);
\141
46

0 1
o Encoding 0 1
o
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange

1 byte
0= 4810A= 6510a= 9710\141=9710
Big5

2 bytes
= 1010010001000001 (0xA441)
Unicode
Universal Code

2 bytesUTF-8UTF-16 4 bytesUTF-32
= 10001110010110010x4E59
0 1

47

Unicode
o
1991 10

1999 9 ISO-10646
o
UCS-2 (Universal Character Set 2 bytes)
o 2 bytes 65536
o U+hhhhh 16 U+4E59
o Objective-C \uhhhh \u4e59
o
UCS-4 (Universal Character Set 4 bytes)
o 4 bytes 42
o U+hhhhhhhh U+7FFFFFFF
48
Unicode
o
UTF-8 UCS-2
o Universal Transformation Format Unicode
o ASCII 1 bytes U+0000 U+007F
(00000000 00000000 0zzzzzzz 0zzzzzzz (00-7F))
o 2 bytes U+0080 U+07FF
(00000000 00000yyy yyzzzzzz 110yyyyy 10zzzzzz)
o CJK 3 bytes U+0800 U+FFFF
(00000000 xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz 1110xxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz)
o 4 bytes U+10000 U+10FFFF
(000wwwxx xxxxyyyy yyzzzzzz 11110www 10xxxxxx 10yyyyyy 10zzzzzz)
o ASCII
UTF-16 UCS-2
o ASCII 2 bytes U+0000 U+FFFF
(00000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx)
o 4 bytes U+10000 U+10FFFF
(U+10FFFF U+10000 = U+FFFFF 0000yyyy yyyyyyxx xxxxxxxx
110110yyyyyyyyyy 110111xxxxxxxxxx)
o ASCII
UTF-32 UCS-4
o 4 bytes Unicode
o
Mac OS X Unicode
UTF-8 UTF-8-Mac
UTF-8 4 bytes
4 bytes UTF-32
49

Unicode Objective-C
printf(Unicode: %s\n, \u4e59);

printf(Unicode: %s\n, );
Unicode http://javawind.net/tools/native2ascii.jsp
50
Lab 02-06

o
o

o Lab/Practices/ 02-06-CharLiteral
o printf() aLa\141\u4e59
o printf() aLa\141\u4e59
51
Lab 02-06

52

Hello
C
SZ Format
@Hello
Objective-C
NSString Format
53

SZ Format
o String ended with Zero Format
o C
This is a book
T h i
B o o k \0
54

NSString
o Objective-C Objects
o
NSString
Hello
length
UTF8String
lowercaseString
uppercaseString
55

NSString
o [@Hello length]
Hello 5
o [@Hello UTF8String]
@Hello C SZ
o [@Hello lowercaseString]
NSString
o [@Hello uppercaseString]
NSString
56

SZ Format printf(%s)
printf(%s\n, Hello);
NSString Format NSLog(@%@)
NSLog(@%@, @Hello);
NSLog() NSString NSString

57
Lab 02-07

o Objective-C
o

o Lab/Practices/ 02-07-StringLiteral
o Line 7 / Line 8 printf() NSLog() Hello
@Hello
o NSString
@Hello
@Hello NSString SZ
@Hello
@Hello
58
Lab 02-07

59

o
o Unicode UCS-2 / UCS-4UTF-8 / UTF-16 / UTF-32
UTF-8-Mac
o = + NSString
printf(%c);
\141
ASCII
printf(%c);
La
printf(%c);
\u4e59
Unicode
printf(%s);
Hello
SZ
printf(%s);
@Hello
NSString
NSLog(@%@);
60
61

truefalse
George Boole
False
George Boole (1815 ~ 1864)
62
true C
TRUE C
YES Objective-C
false C
FALSE C
NO
Objective-C
63

0 1
true = TRUE = YES = 1

sizeof(true) = sizeof(TRUE) = 4 bytes
sizeof(YES) = 1 byte
false = FALSE = NO = 0

sizeof(false) = sizeof(FALSE) = 4 bytes
sizeof(NO) = 1 byte
0 1

64
printf(True: %d\n, true);

printf(True: %d\n, TRUE);
printf(True: %d\n, YES);
65
Lab 02-08

o Objective-C
o 0 1
o

o Lab/Practices/ 02-08-BoolLiteral
o printf()
o printf()
66
Lab 02-08

67

o Objective-C
true
4 bytes
printf(%d);
false
4 bytes
printf(%d);
TRUE
4 bytes
printf(%d);
FALSE
4 bytes
printf(%d);
YES
1 bytes
printf(%d);
NO
1 bytes
printf(%d);
68

o
o
o
o
123
%d
0123
%o
0x123
%x
123u
%u
123L
%ld
123LL
%lld
69
1.23F
%f
IEEE 754
1.23
%f
IEEE 754
1.23L
%Lf
16
IEEE 754
1.23e-5
%e
4 / 8 / 16
IEEE 754
70
%c
ASCII / Unicode
\141
%c
ASCII
\n, \t,
%c
ASCII / Unicode
La
%c
ASCII / Unicode
\u4e59
%s
Unicode
Hello
%s
N/A
(length, not size)
SZ format
@Hello
%@
N/A
(NSLog() only) (length, not size)
NSString format
71
true
%d
false
%d
TRUE
%d
FALSE
%d
YES
%d
NO
%d
72
73

Objective-C 2.0 Programming: Literals

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Objective-C 2.0 Programming: Literals

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Objective-C

printf(Decimal: %d\n, 123);

printf(Hexadecimal: %x\n, 0x123);

printf(Octal: %o\n, 0123);

printf(Hexadecimal: %x\n, 0x123);

printf(Octal: %#o\n, 0123);

printf(Hexadecimal: %#x\n, 0x123);

printf(Signed: %d\n, -123);

Long Long Integers

printf(Integer: %d\n, 123);

printf(Long Long Integer: %lld\n, 123LL);

printf(Size: %lu \n,

printf(Float: %f\n, 1.23F);

printf(Long Double: %Lf\n, 1.23L);

printf(Normal: %f\n, 1.23);

(Sign bit of exponent)

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

printf(Unicode: %s\n, \u4e59);

George Boole (1815 ~ 1864)

true = TRUE = YES = 1

printf(True: %d\n, true);

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