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AnOverviewofOffshoreConcepts
Presentedby:
ChristopherM.Barton DirectorBusinessAcquisition
#1
AnOverviewof OffshoreConcepts
SafetyMinute PuttingEnergyDemandinPerspective IntroductiontoOffshoreConcepts FieldDevelopmentPlanning FloatingPlatformSelection TLPTechnology SparTechnology Semitechnology FPSOTechnology
#2
SafetyMinute WorkplaceDangers
SafetyQuiz: It'simportantforemployeestobeableto spot potentialdangersinandaroundthe workplace. Pleasestudythesepicturesandseeif youcanspotthe dangersyourself...
#3
PuttingEnergyDemandinPerspective
#8
Coal,OilandNaturalGasWillRemainIndispensable
#9
OilSupplyChallenge
Significantcapacityadditionsrequiredtomeetdemand
Source:BasedonIEAWorldEnergyOutlook2007 Naturaldeclineforecastat8%rate #10 Observeddeclineforecastat4.5%raterequiressubstantialinvestment
WhereWilltheEnergyComeFrom?
Increasingresource
nationalization; diminishedaccess NonOPECstruggling toincreaseproduction LittlespareOPEC capacity Depletionisreal Supermajorswillbe compelledtofocuson organicgrowth
Deepwaterwilldrivegrowth
#11
FutureOil&GasDeepwaterPotential
#12
LeaseActivityWillContinueto DriveDeepwaterGOM
GulfofMexicoLeaseSales
#13
Miocene&LowerTertiaryDiscoveries WillDriveDeepwaterGOM
#14
PreSaltDiscoveriesWillDriveDeepwaterBrazil
#15
ProlificDiscoveriesWillContinueto DriveDeepwaterWestAfrica
#16
Introductionto OffshoreConcepts
#17
TheOffshoreIndustry 60YearsOldandStillGrowing
Firstwelldrilledoutofsightoflandin1947in20 w.d. Today,wearedrillingin10,000 Firstoffshoreplatforminstalledin1947in20 Today,platformsareinstalledindepthsexceeding8,000 Worldstalleststructurewasinstalledoffshorein1979in373
Today,afixedplatformstandsinexcessof1,800
Firstsubseatreeinstalledinearly1960sinlessthan300
Today,subseatreesareinstalledinover9,000
#18
FloatingSystemsthenandnow
June1947 Oil&GasJournal Feb1959 OffshoreMagazine
Semi
FPSO
CompliantTower
TLP
Spar
#19
OffshoreFieldDevelopment
OffshoreFieldDevelopment
Thewaterdepthsinwhichfixedplatformsareinstalled varyfromafewfeettoasmuchas1,850ft
#21
DeepwaterDevelopmentTools
Systemtypescanbegroupedinto2categories:
1. 2. DryTreeSystems CompliantTower,TLP,Spar WetTreeSystems TLP,FPSOs,Spar,Semi
#22
PredominantFloaterTypes
Therearefourprimaryindustryrecognizedwet anddrytreesolutions;acceptedbecause:
Proven ManyyearsofOperatinghistory Functional Usedforalargevarietyof functions,wetordrytree
TensionLeg Platform
Semisubmersible(Semi) FPSO
#23
MotionsandLoadsareControlledby
Primary TLP
MooringSystem Tendons HullConfiguration Draft HeavePlates HullConfiguration ColumnStabilized SmallWPArea HullConfiguration WLLength Mass
Secondary
HullConfiguration ColumntoPontoon VolumetricRatio MooringSystem Taut Synthetics MooringSystem Taut Synthetics MooringSystem Orientation Headon Environment
Spar
#24
NaturalPeriodsofMotion
Vertical Motionsare Controlledby Tendons
VerticallyMoored SpreadMoored
DesignWaveEnergy
Typical100YrDesign WaveSpectrum
10
15
20
25
30
Period(sec)
#25
ComparisonofPrimaryCharacteristics
Issue WaterDepth Platform Motions Transport Installation TLP
MoreSensitive Excellent Verylow verticalmotions,i.e. heave,rollandpitch Singlepiececomplete Quaysidedecklift andintegration Good Lowvertical motions(pitchto8 10deg).Sensitiveto longperiodwaves. Singlepiecehull Hullupendingand offshoredeckliftand integration
Spar
Semi
Lesssensitive Motionslimit applicationtowet trees
ShipShape
#26
ComparisonofPrimaryCharacteristics(continued)
TLP
Verticaltendons Smallandcompact, samedimensional orderashull Shortstroke tensioners Conventional,within columns No
Spar
Semi
ShipShape
Spreadcatenary or turretmoored
Tautorsemitautspreadmooringlegs
N/A
N/A
No
Yes,typical
#27
GenerallyAcceptedFloaterApplicationRanges
Combinationofwaterdepth,metocean conditionsandtopsidesinfluencethe choicebetweenaTLP,Semi,andSpar.
50,000
Spar
40,000 FacilityPayload(st)
Semi
30,000
TLP
20,000
10,000
#29
GrowthinFloatingProductionSystems
#30
DeepwaterFloatersInstalled
18SparPlatforms
24TensionLegPlatforms
39SemiFPSPlatforms
#31
128FPSOVessels
DeepwaterMilestones
#32
FieldDevelopmentPlanning
#33
PhasesofaFieldDevelopmentProject
Feasibility Studies
Identify development alternatives Determine technical feasibility
Concept Studies
Screen alternatives Select development concept
FEED
Define development concept Designbasis Cost Schedule ExecutionPlan
ExecuteEPCI
Detaildesign Construction Installation HUC
#34
ProjectSuccessHingesonFrontEnd
#35
AbilitytoInfluenceCost
40%
10%
ItTakesAVillage.TheManyFacetsofField DevelopmentPlanning
Business Mgmt
Partners Risk,Safety Economics
Business Sub Surface
Surface
Marine/Riser Systems
MajorFieldDevelopmentDrivers
Drivers RecoverableReserves Subsurface WellCount,Rate,Recovery ProductionProfile FacilityCapex,Drillex Surface ScheduletoPeakHydrocarbons Opex Oil/GasPrice Business Partners,PSAs,Taxes,Royalties Safety,Reliability Impact VeryHigh VeryHigh High High High Moderate VeryHigh High High Uncertainty VeryHigh High High Moderate Moderate Moderate VeryHigh Low Low
#38
FloatingPlatformSelection
#39
KeyDriversforFloatingSystemSelection
Reservoircharacteristicsarekey Fieldlayout/futureexpandability Riseroptions/platformmotions Metocean criteria Deckrequirements Localcontentrequirements Drilling&completionstrategy Robustness Riskissues&mitigatingmeasures Executionplananddeliverymodel
#40
FloatingPlatformSelectionIssues
PlatformConfiguration WaterDepth(m) Trees Drilling/Workover Storage Stationkeeping TLP
Upto1500 Wetordry Yes No Steeltendons
Spar (Truss)
Nopracticallimit Wetordry Yes No Tautspreadwire orpoly
Semisub (FourColumn)
Nopracticallimit Wet Yes No Semitautspread wireorpoly Motion optimization needed No Quaysideor floatover Better Somewhat
FPSO (ShipShape)
Nopractical limit Wet No Yes Semitaut spreadwireor poly Onlyinmild environment No Quayside Best Least
CompletionStrategyDrivesFloaterSelection
Criteria
CAPEXCost DRILEXCost OPEXCost Production Reliability Reservoir Mgmtand Productivity
Lower
Higher
#42
DryTreesvs.WetTrees
Key Driver: Wellbore Access DryTree(DirectVerticalAccess) Singledrillcenter LowerOPEXandlifecyclecosts formediumandlarge developments Simplerhardware Minimizewellinterventioncost anddowntime Lessflowassurancerisk Potentiallyhigherrecovery Difficultforsemiduetomotions WetTree(IndirectAccess) Multidrillcenters LowerCAPEX,butpotentiallyhigherOPEX Minimizedrillingcostsandrisksforlarge areaextentreservoirs Minimizeprojectschedule Maximizedevelopmentplanflexibility Ultradeepwatercapabilitynottiedtohost platform Maximizeprojecteconomicsforsmall developments Morecomplexflowassuranceissues
#43
NumberofWellsbyFacilityType
#44
DirectWellAccessRiserOptions
IndirectWellAccessRiserOptions
OptionIdentification BuildingBlocks
Selection of potential development options Development Option Components DRILLING SUBSTRUCTURES STORAGE & EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
MODU Drilled
Subsea Tiebacks
Dry Trees
Wet Trees
TLP
SPAR
FSO
Pipeline
SemiSubmersible
FPSO
#47
RoadmapforEstablishingSizeofFloatingPlatform
Reservoir Geometry Connectivity Size (Recoverable Reserves) Geology Rock Properties Depth Below M/L Salt Layer Production Riser Size, Type Station Keeping Type Integrated Oil Storage / Shuttle Oil Pipeline Export Riser Size, Type Water Depth Metocean Fluid Properties (P, V, etc.) Pipeline Infrastructure
Drilling, Completions
Oil / Gas Production Throughput Dry or Wet Trees Drilling or No Drilling Topside Weight
Type, Amount Boosting Workover Rig Wax Hydrate Management Production Riser Weight Station Keeping Weight Total Facility Payload Hull Size
#48
TLPTechnology
#49
TLPStatistics
Installed: First: Locations: 24 1984,Hutton,Conoco NorthSea,Angola, GulfofMexico,Indonesia andEquatorialGuinea 4,674ft.,Magnolia GB783/84
Deepest:
#50
CurrentTLPInstalledBase byLocation
#51
TLPComponents
Topsides ProductionFacilities DrillingSystems Utilities Columns Accommodations&Helideck Hull Columns Pontoons PontoonExtensions RiserPorches MooringSystem TendonPorches Tendons Foundations RiserSystem DrillingandProductionRisers Treesandassociatedcomponents
#52
Topsides
Pontoons
Tendons
ProprietaryTLPDesignsandTechnologyProviders
MODECDESIGN
SBMATLANTIADESIGNS
FLOATECDESIGNS
#53
TypicalFunctionsofaTLP
FunctionsConsidered
FullPDQ: FullySelfContained ExporttoPipelineorFSO WellheadPlatform: Drillingonly(on platform) SupportofDryTrees ExporttoFPSO TenderAssistedDrilling: DrillingSystemsonTADVessel BenignMetoceanRegions WetTreeApplicationwithProduction andQuarters: NoDrilling ExporttoPipelineorFSO
#54
TLPDrilling&ProductionConfigurations
Wellheadplatformmode withremoteproduction
Tenderassistdrilling &productionmode
#55
Platformdrilling &productionmode
FPSO
Kizomba AETLPConfiguration
SWHP
FunctionsandParticulars: Drilling WellIntervention DryTreeManifold Displacement 53,033mt Draft 34m 36TTRs Tendons 4x2
#56
WaterDepth 1,178m(3,865ft)
MagnoliaETLPConfiguration
FunctionsandParticulars: Fullproduction Workover rig 15,230st totaltopsides payload 8TTRs Import/exportrisers 4x2steppedtendons
#57
WaterDepth 4,674ft
TypicalTLPTendonMakeup
MWL +3937 ft
Pretension
2750 kips
Connected to Tendon Porch
TTS 1 2 3 4 5
Segments1to14
14 TBS
Mudline
#58
TLPTendonPorches
OpenTendon Porch
SteppedTendon System
ClosedTendon Porch
#59
FreeStandingTendonInstallation
WD 1200 m (3937 ft) Water Surface
TTS
TBS
Mud line
#60
TLPRiserStackups
HangingHydraulicTensioners
#61
ConventionalTLPTensioners
#62
#63
ProjectPhotos
#64
HullComponentFabrication
#65
#66
PanelLineWork
#67
HullFabrication DryDockBased
HullFabricationatQuayside LandBased
#68
PreparingforLoadout
#69
HullLoadout
#70
#71
HullFloatOn
Kizomba TLP
MarsTLP
Ram/PowellTLP
UrsaTLP Barge
#72
HullTransportation
#73
HullSailaway
HullFloatOff
(Ram/PowellTLP)
#74
Deck/HullQuaysideIntegration LandBasedCrane
#75
SystemDelivery
DeckLift&Integration
(Ram/PowellTLP)
#76
SystemDelivery
DeckLift&Integration
#77
(Ram/PowellTLP)
SystemDelivery
DeckLift&Integration
(Ram/PowellTLP)
#78
DeckLift&Integration
(KizombaA ETLP)
#79
DeckIntegration
(MagnoliaTLP)
#80
PlatformCommissioning
(PerformedatQuayside)
#81
PlatformDryTransport
#82
PlatformDryTransport
(NextStop Angola)
#83
#84
PlatformWetTowtoLocation
TLPPileFabricationandPreInstallation
#85
TLPTendonPreInstallation
TendonPreInstallation
#86
TLPTopsidesInstallation Offshore
#87
PlatformCommissioning
#88
(BrutusTLP)
#89
TLPInstalled
SparTechnology
#90
SparStatistics
Installed: First: Deepest: 18 1996,Neptune,VK826 Perdido8,008ft. Alaminos Canyon857
#91
SparFeatures
UnconditionallyStable
Failsafeballastsystem Simpleballastsystem
Topsides HardTank
MooringLineFailurenot Catastrophic
Redundancy Sparcontinuestofloat Downfloodingdifficult
Truss
CurrentSparInstalledBase byLocation
#93
SparHullDiameterComparison
#94
CurrentInstalledBase
#95
SparFlexibilityandScalability
HolsteinTrussSpar #DryTrees TTRs:20 #SCRs:2 PayLoad:37,000mt EstimatedReserves:400MBOE
#96
CurrentInstalledBase
#97
HullDesignDrivers
Payload Hardtankcompartmentation Ballasting Variable(seawater) Fixed(magnetite) Inhullstorageofchemicals,diesel,etc. Fabrication&installation Yardlimitations(skidwayspacing,quaydepth,cranes) Heavylifttransportvessel Offloaddraft Wettow&upend(keeltanksizing) Topsidelift Performancecriteria(pitch,surge&heave)
#98
GeotechnicalConsiderations
Bathymetry(bottomcontours,escarpments,etc.) Geotechnical(hazards,soils,faults,etc.)
Medusa
DevilsTower
FrontRunner
#99
SparMooringSystems
ChainWireChainsystem Drivenorsuctionanchorpiles Groupedorequallyspread Sizedforbothintactand brokenlineconditions Activesystem
TRUSS SPAR PLATFORM MWL RQ4 STUDLESS CHAIN SCR ( TTR
R4 STUDLESS CHAIN
OR CHAIN
ELEVATION VARIES
TION PILE ANCHOR SCOPE FROM FAIRLEAD
SteelWires
10-14 (TYP.)
SyntheticRopes
8000'-0"
#100
SparRisers
Directverticalaccesswells(DryTree) Toptensioned,rigidrisers singleordoublecased Importflowline risers(WetTree) Steelcatenary Flexiblepipe Exportpipelinesrisers Toptensioned Steelcatenary Flexiblepipe Controlumbilicalbundles
#101
RiserSystemOptions:Wet Trees
RiserHangoffPorch: Flexjoint StressJoint
RiserSystemOptions:DryTrees
Buoyancy Can
#103
SparBuoyancyCanTensioner (nonSparsupported)
#104
SparRamTypeTensioners (Sparsupported)
#105
RiserOptions(Flexibility):CombinationDry&WetTree
#106
CenterwellDrivers
Drytrees Numberofwellslots Risermakeup/buoyancycansize Treesizeandaccessrequirements Drillingriserslot Wettreesandumbilicals Number Sizes(hangoffloads) Azimuths Pumpcasings,disposalcaisson,cuttingschute,exhaust ventilation,etc.
#107
CenterwellArrangement Example
Export Lines(2)
Misc. Utilities
#108
TopsidesDrivers
Payload Weight,Mass,VCG&HCG Initialandfuture Liftandoperatingconditions Windsailareas(directional)&elevationofresultantwind pressure Prevailingwinddirections Wavecrestelevation&airgap(setdeckelevations) Liftequipmentconstraintsontopsidegeometry Centerwellaccess
#109
SparHardTankBuildPhilosophy
Panel Line
Ring Sections
1/8 Sections
1/4 Sections
1/2 Sections
Full Sections
#110
HTHalfRingAssemblyandMatingMethodology
UpperHalfRingSectionAssembly
LowerHalfRingSectionAssembly
RingSectionMating
#111
HTSegments&CenterBulkheadSubAssembly
HardTankHalfRingSectionsAssembly
UPPER SECTION
BLOCK C BLOCK D BULKHEAD BLOCK F BLOCK E
LOWER SECTION
BLOCK B BLOCK A BULKHEAD BLOCK G BLOCK H
#113
HardTankHalfRingSectionsMating
1 2 3
#114
HardTankSectionsMating&Joining
#115
SoftTankBlockErection
#116
SparHullAssembly
#117
SparHullReadyForLoadout
#118
SparHullLoadout
#119
SparHullLoadout
#120
SparHullTieDowns
#121
SparHullReadyforTransport
#122
SparHullTransport
#123
SparHullOffload
#124
HullWetTowtoSite
#125
SparHullWetTowandUpend
#126
HullUpendSequence
WetTowBallast
#127
PostUpendStages
PostUpend
FixedBallast
SetTWD
Install Moorings
RemoveTWD
InstallSCRs
SetTopside
#128
TopsideSet
Operating
MooringSystemComponents
#129
AnchorTypes
SuctionPiles 60st 250st DrivenPiles 150st 230st
#130
MooringInstallation
SetWorkDeck
ChainJacks
#131
#132
TemporaryWorkDeck
AnchorChain Hookup
#133
ReadyforTopsidesInstallation
#134
TopsidesInstallation
#135
#136
TopsidesInstallation
TopsidesInstallation
#137
SparTopsidesInstallation(Floatover)
#138
SparRiserInstallation
SeafloorStressJoint &Connector
Casing
Subsea Wellhead
Tieback Connector
BuoyancyCan
KeelJoint
#139
SparRiserInstallation
Jumpers CanInstallation UpperStem
Subsea Wellhead
Tieback Connector
JumperHoses
#140
Tree&AccessPlatform
SparsInstalled
#141
SemiFPSTechnology
#142
SemiFPSStatistics
Operating: 39 First: Deepest: 1975,Argyll,Hamilton 7,920ft,MC920 IndependenceHub
Locations: Worldwide
#143
CurrentSemiFPSInstalledBase byLocation
#144
SemiFPSComponents
Topsides
Columns
Pontoons
Moorings
Topsides ProductionFacilities Utilities Accommodations Hull Columns RingPontoon MooringSystem Polyester/wire Anchorpiles (suction/driven) RiserSystem SteelCatenaryRisers
#145
ConventionalProductionSemiFPS
#146
TheEvolutionofthe PostKatrinaDeepDraftDesign
Conventional ProductionSemi
ProprietarySemiFPSDesignsand TechnologyProviders
ATANTIA DEEPDRAFTDESIGN
AKERKVAERNER DEEPDRAFTDESIGN
GVA/KBRDESIGN
EXMARDESIGN
MOSSMARITIME DESIGN
FLOATEC DEEPDRAFTDESIGN
#148
TypicalSemiTopsides
#149
TypicalSemiFPSHullBlockBreakdown
#150
SemiFPSHullConstruction (NodesSubblockAssembly)
#151
SemiFPSHullConstruction (PontoonSubblockAssembly)
#152
SemiFPSHullConstruction (ErectionofNodesSubblock)
#153
SemiFPShullConstruction (PontoonErection)
#154
SemiFPSHullConstruction (ConsolidatingPontoonsinDryDock)
#155
SemiFPSHullConstruction (ConsolidatingPontoonsinDryDock)
#156
SemiFPSHullConstruction (UndockingofPontoons)
#157
SemiFPSHullConstruction (UndockingofPontoons)
#158
SemiFPSHullConstruction (ColumnBlockAssembly)
#159
SemiFPSHullConstruction (ConsolidatingColumnBlocks)
#160
SemiFPSHullConstruction (ErectionofColumnBlocks)
#161
SemiFPSHullConstruction (CompletedLowerHullReadyforTransport)
#162
SemiFPSHullDryTransport
#163
SemiFPSTopsidesConstruction
#164
MarineMating(Hull andTopsides)
SemiFPSTopsidesIntegration (MatingCompleted)
#166
LandbasedSemiFPSConstruction
#167
TopsidesIntegration
#168
SemiFPSTopsidesIntegration (SingleLift)
#169
IntegratedSemiFPSDryTransport
#170
SemiFPSWetTowtoField
#171
SemiFPSWetTowtoField
#172
SemiFPSinOperation
#173
FPSOTechnology
#174
FPSOStatistics
Operating 128 6,086ft., Deepest Roncador 1977 First Castellon,Shell Locations Worldwide
#175
CurrentFPSOInstalledBase byLocation
#176
ShipshapeFPSOComponents
Topsides
RoundFPSOComponents
#178
FPSOLayout
#179
FPSOTopsidesModules
Power Future Module Oil Dehydration Production Manifolds Seawater Deaeration Generation (3 trains)
S1
S7
S6 S5 S4 S3 S2
Power Generation
P1
S8
Oil Offloading
P2
P3 P8 P4 P7 P6 P5
Seawater Filtration HP & HHP Gas Compression & Utilities Seawater Water Injection
#180
#181
FPSOStationKeepingKeyConsiderations
Permanentvs.Disconnectable TurretLocationontheHull(internalvs external) MooringMaterial
Polyestervs.SteelWire
AnchorSelection
SuctionPilesvs.VerticallyLoadedAnchors
Dependenton:
Weatherconditions Waterdepth Number/diameterofrisers
#182
FPSOMooringSystems
#183
FPSOMooringComponents
#184
FPSOConstruction ShipShape
#185
FPSOConstruction ShipShape
#186
FPSOConstruction RoundShape
#187
FPSOConstruction RoundShape
#188
RoundFPSODryTransport
#189
RoundFPSOWetTransport
#190
FPSOs inTransit
#191
ShipshapeFPSOs inOperation
#192
RoundFPSOinOperation
#193
TheNextGenerationFPSO
Combinesthebenefits ofaMODUanda floatingstorage, productionand offloadingunit
TheAzuriteFDPSO
#194
#195