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Rock type?
Sandstone? Shale? Limestone?
Engineering
Well trajectory (coord) Shape of hole Casing Joints Quality of cement etc
Rock Properties
Porosity Permeability Bedding Orientation Fractures? Temperature Type (water, oil, gas) Saturation Salinity Pressure
Well Logs
Geol472-2009
Fluids
etc
Log Types
Lithologic Logs
Spontaneous Potential (SP) Gamma Ray (GR)
Other
Dipmeter Caliper Temperature Acoustic FMI Many more
Porosity Logs
Neutron Density Sonic
Surface
Downhole
Typical SP log
aw= water salinity aw= mud salinity Ion flow is easier in permeable sandstones
Induction
Resistivity
Resistivity of Water - Rw
Increasing Resistivity
Resistivity of Formation
Resistivity logs : sphericallyfocussed (SFL), medium induction (ILM), and deep induction (ILD) from KGS Jones #1
(Rxo/Rt)5/8
(Rmf/Rw)
Rxo= Resistivity of flushed zone Rw= Resistivity of formation water Rmf= Resistivity of mud filtrate Rt= Resistivity of uninvaded zone
Header
Lithology
Used to generate Synthetic Seismic traces to link wells logs to seismic data
Wavelet
Seismic Reflectivity
Synthetic Seismic
GEOL553Lecture3;SubsurfaceAnalysis
Density Log
Measures of Density - Tied to Porosity, Fluid Content and Lithology Tool emits gamma rays Detects returning scattered gamma rays Gamma ray absorption is proportional to rock density
Porosity calibration
High resistivity
If lithology is known, neutron and density logs can be calibrated for porosity
Applications of logs
Stratigraphic studies
Sedimentary facies
1600 wells
28 cores
Correlation Example
Major Sands on SP