Ph 7.35 - 7.

45
COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS PCO 2 35 – 45 mm Hg
01. PTB – low-grade afternoon fever. HCO 3 22 – 27 mEq/ml
02. PNEUMONIA – rusty sputum. PO2 80 – 100 mm Hg
03. ASTHMA – wheezing on expiration. SaO2 93 – 100%
04. EMPHYSEMA – barrel chest.
05. KAWASAKI SYNDROME – strawberry tongue. RBC
06. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA – red beefy tongue. Male 4.5 - 6.2 million/ cubic mm
07. DOWN SYNDROME – protruding tongue. Female 4.0 - 5.5 million/cubic mm
08. CHOLERA – rice watery stool.
09. MALARIA – stepladder like fever with chills. WBC
10. TYPHOID – rose spots in abdomen. 4,300 - 10,800/ cubic mm
11. DIPTHERIA – pseudo membrane formation
12. MEASLES – koplik’s spots. Platelets
13. SLE – butterfly rashes. 150,000 - 350,000/ cubic mm
14. LIVER CIRRHOSIS – spider like varices.
15. LEPROSY – lioning face. Hgb
16. BULIMIA – chipmunk face. Male 14 - 16.5 g/dL Female 12 - 15 g/ dL
17. APPENDICITIS – rebound tenderness.
18. DENGUE – petechiae or (+) Herman’s sign. Hct
19. MENINGITIS – Kernig’s sign (leg flex then leg pain on extension), Brudzinski Male 42 - 52%
sign (neck flex = lower leg flex). Female 35 - 47%
20. TETANY – hypocalcemia (+) Trousseau’s sign/carpopedal spasm; Chvostek
sign (facial spasm). PT (Warfarin/ Coumadin)
21. TETANUS – risus sardonicus. Male 9.6-11.8 secs
22. PANCREATITIS – Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus); (+) Grey turners Female 9.5-11.3 secs
spots. Should be 1.5 to 2 times the Normal
23. PYLORIC STENOSIS – olive like mass.
24. PDA – machine like murmur.
25. ADDISON’S DISEASE – bronze like skin pigmentation. PTT/ APTT (Heparin)
26. CUSHING’S SYNDROME – moon face appearance and buffalo hump. 20-36 secs / 30-45 secs
27. HYPERTHYROIDISM/GRAVE’S DISEASE – exopthalmus. Should be 1.5 to 2.5 times the Normal
28. INTUSSUSCEPTION – sausage shaped mass, Dance Sign (empty portion of
RLQ) INR
29. MS – Charcot’s Triad (IAN) 2 – 3 Standard Warfarin therapy
30. MG – descending muscle weakness 3 – 4.5 High dose Warfarin therapy
31. Guillain Barre Syndrome – ascending muscle weakness 2-3 Atrial fibrillation, DVT and Pulmonary embolism
32. DVT – Homan’s Sign 2.5-3.5 Prosthetic heart valves
33. CHICKEN POX – Vesicular Rash (central to distal) dew drop on rose petal
34. ANGINA – Crushing stubbing pain relieved by NTG Bleeding Time
35. MI – Crushing stubbing pain which radiates to left shoulder, neck, arms, 3 - 7 mins.
unrelieved by NTG 8 - 15mins (Saunders)
36. LTB – inspiratory stridor
37. TEF – 4Cs’ Coughing, Choking, Cyanosis, Continous Drooling Electrolytes
38. EPIGLOTITIS – 3Ds’ Drooling, Dysphonia, Dysphagia K 3.5 - 5.1 mEq/ L
39. HODGEKIN’S DSE/LYMPHOMA – painless, progressive enlargement of spleen Mg 1.6 - 2.6 mEq/ L
& lymph tissues, Reedstenberg Cells Ph 2.7 - 4.5 mEq/ L
40. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS – Hallmark: sore throat, cervical lymph Na 135 - 145 mEq/ L
adenopathy, fever Cl 98-107 mEq/ L
41. PARKINSON’S – Pill-rolling tremors Ca 8.6 - 10 mg/dL
42. FIBRIN HYALIN – Expiratory Grunt
43. CYSTIC FIBROSIS – Salty skin Potassium Chloride
44. DM – polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia With a dilution of not more than 1mEq/ 10ml
45. DKA – Kussmauls breathing (Deep Rapid RR) Maximum infusion rate of 5-10 mEq/ hr
46. BLADDER CA – painless hematuria NEVER to exceed 20 mEq/ hr at any circumstance
47. BPH – reduced size & force of urine
48. PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS – Nikolsky’s sign (separation of epidermis caused by Blood Sugar
rubbing of the skin) 70 – 110 mg/dL
49. RETINAL DETACHMENT – Visual Floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision
50. GLAUCOMA – Painfull vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (Peripheral Glycosylated Hgb (glycohemoglobin)
Vision Loss) less than 7.5% Good
51. CATARACT – Painless vision loss, Opacity of the lens, blurring of vision 7.6 - 8.9% Fair
52. RETINO BLASTOMA – Cat’s eye reflex (grayish discoloration of pupils) greater than 9% Poor
53. ACROMEGALY – Coarse facial feature
54. DUCHENNE’S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY – Gowers’ sign (use of hands to push Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA)
one’s self from the floor) 0.7 - 6.8 mg/24 hrs
55. GERD – Barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the esophageal
mucosa) GFR
56. HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY – Flapping tremors 125 ml/min
57. HYDROCEPHALUS – Bossing sign (prominent forehead)
58. INCREASE ICP – HYPERtension BRADYpnea BRADYcardia (Cushing’s Triad) Creatinine
59. SHOCK – HYPOtension TACHYpnea TACHYcardia 0.8 - 1 mg/dL
60. MENIERE’S DSE – Vertigo, Tinnitus 0.6-1.3 mg/dL (Saunders)
61. CYSTITIS – burning on urination
62. HYPOCALCEMIA – Chvostek & Trosseaus sign BUN
63. ULCERATIVE COLITIS – recurrent bloody diarrhea 10 – 20 mg/dL
64. LYME’S DSE – Bull’s eye rash 8-25 mg/dL (Saunders)

laboratory values UO
Adult: 30 cc/hr and 720 cc/24 hours
ABG Pedia: 2cc/ kg/ hr
AST/ ALT
5-40 IU/L

Ammonia
9-33 µmol/L
35-65 mcg/ dl

Albumin
3 - 5 g/dL

Amylase
25-151 units/ L

Lipase
10-140 units/ L

Bilirubin (Total)
less than 1.5 mg/ dL

Pulmonary capillary mean wedge pressure

4-12 mmHg

Central Venous Pressure

2-6 mmHg

Plasma Osmolality
280-300 mOsm/kg

Serum Alcohol
LEGAL .08 - .10
TOXIC! grater than 0.15 (50mg/100cc of blood)
greater than 8%