PROBLEMS FOR STEAM CYCLES

Problem 0:

For water determine the following properties a) Temperature and enthalpy of saturated vapour at 5 bars (151.8 C, 2749 kJ/kg) b) Pressure and specific volume of saturated liquid at 70C (0.3116 bar, 0.001023 m3/kg) c) Enthalpy at 150 bar and 70% quality (2,310.7 kJ/kg) d) Enthalpy and entropy at 5 bar and 450 C (3377 kJ/kg, 7.944kJ/(kg K)

Problem 1: Compute the thermal efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle for which steam leaves the boiler as saturated vapour at 30 bars and is condensed at 1.0 bar. What is the effect of neglecting pump work on the thermal efficiency of this Rankine cycle? Also, calculate the Carnot efficiency for this cycle. (23.6%, 23.75%, 26.5%) Problem 2: Compute the thermal efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle for which steam leaves the boiler as saturated vapour at 30 bars and is condensed at 0.1 bar. Also, calculate the Carnot efficiency for this cycle. (32.3%, 37.1%) Problem 3: Determine the thermal efficiency and the change in the steam quality leaving the turbine of an ideal Rankine cycle with superheating, for which the turbineinlet conditions are 30 bar and 500 C and the condenser pressure is 0.1 bar. Also, calculate the Carnot efficiency for this cycle. (35.5%, 58.7%) Problem 4: If for the Rankine cycle in problem 3, the turbine operates adiabatically with an efficiency of 82%, and the efficiency of pump is 78%, recalculate the cycle efficiency. (29%) Problem 5: A steam power plant operates between a boiler pressure of 42 bar and a condenser pressure of 0.035 bar. Calculate for these limits the cycle efficiency, the work ratio, and the specific steam consumption: (a) For a Carnot cycle using wet steam; (43.1%, 0.74, 5 kg/kW h (b) For a Rankine cycle with dry saturated steam at entry to the turbine; (36.4%, 0.996, 3.69 kg/kW h (c) For the Rankine cycle of (b), when the expansion process has an isentropic efficiency of 80% (29.1%, 0.995, 4.6 kg/kW h) Problem 6: Compare the Rankine cycle performance of example 5 with that obtained when the steam is superheated to 500C. (40%, 2.7 kg/kW h)

Problem 7: Calculate the cycle efficiency, work ratio and specific steam consumption of a Carnot cycle using steam between pressures of 30 and 0.04 bar. (40.4%, 0.771, 4.97 kg/kW h) Problem 8: Calculate the cycle efficiency, work ratio, and specific steam consumption of a steam power plant operated as a Rankine cycle. The steam pressures are same as problem 7 and the steam entering the turbine is saturated vapour. (35%, 0.997, 3.84 kg/kW h) Problem 9: Calculate cycle efficiency and specific steam consumption for problem if the isentropic efficiencies of both, the expansion and compression processes, are 0.80. (27.9%, 4.81 kg/kW h) Problem 10: In a steam power plant utilizing the reheat cycle, the turbine-inlet condition is 30 bar and 500 C. After expansion to 5 bar, the steam is reheated to 500 C and then expanded to the condenser pressure of 0.1 bar. Compute the cycle efficiency. (37.6%) Problem 11: Recalculate the new cycle efficiency and the specific steam consumption if reheat is included in the plant of problem 6. The steam conditions at the inlet to the turbine are 42 bar and 500 C, and the condenser pressure is 0.035 bar as before. Assume that the steam is dry saturated at the exit of the first turbine and the steam is reheated to 500 C. Neglect pump work. (41%, 2.12 kg/kW h)

Problem 12: Find the cycle efficiency of a reheat cycle operating between pressures of 30 and 0.04 bar, with a superheat temperature of 450 C. Assume the first expansion is carried out to the point where the steam is dry saturated and the steam is reheated to the original superheat temperature. Neglect the feed pump term. (38.7%)