The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding -s to a singular noun.

[O plural dos substantivos geralmente formado com o acrscimo do -s ao substantivo no singular] lamp - lamps cat - cats fork - forks flower - flowers pen - pens

Rule #2 Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding -es.[Substantivos terminados em s, z, x, sh e ch formam o plural com o acrscimo de -es.] moss - mosses buzz - buzzes box - boxes dish - dishes church - churches

Rule #3 Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing -y to -ies.[Substantivos acabados em - y precedidos por consoante, vo para o plural trocando o -y por -ies.] Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies

Rule #4 Nouns ending in -y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding -s. [Substantivos terminados em -y precedidos por vogal, fazem plural adicionando -s.] Example: boy, boys; day, days

Rule #5 Most nouns ending in - o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding -es.[Muitos substantivos que acabam em -o precedidos por uma consoante, formam plural com a adio de -es.]

Example: hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes

Rule #6 Some nouns ending in -f or -fe are made plural by changing -f or -fe to -ves.[Alguns substantivos que acabam em -f ou -fe fazem plural trocando o -f ou -fe por -ves Example: beef, beeves; wife, wives.

IRREGULAR PLURALS LIST

Study these groups of words to learn how they change to plural. Each group of words has similar changes. US -> I SINGULAR alumnus cactus focus fungus nucleus radius stimulus IS -> ES SINGULAR axis analysis basis crisis diagnosis ellipsis hypothesis oasis paralysis parenthesis synthesis synopsis thesis IX -> ICES PLURAL axes analyses bases crises diagnoses ellipses hypotheses oases paralyses parentheses syntheses synopses theses PLURAL alumni cacti foci/focuses fungi/funguses nuclei radii stimuli

SINGULAR appendix index matrix EAU -> EAUX SINGULAR beau bureau tableau *** -> EN SINGULAR child man ox woman *** -> A SINGULAR bacterium corpus criterion curriculum datum genus medium memorandum phenomenon stratum NO CHANGE SINGULAR deer fish means offspring series sheep species OO -> EE SINGULAR foot

PLURAL appendices indeces/indexes matrices/matrixes PLURAL beaux bureaus/bureaux tableaux/tableaus PLURAL children men oxen women PLURAL bacteria corpora criteria curricula data genera media memoranda phenomena strata PLURAL deer fish means offspring series sheep species PLURAL feet

goose tooth A -> AE SINGULAR antenna formula nebula vertebra vita OUSE -> ICE SINGULAR louse mouse

geese teeth PLURAL antennae/antennas formulae/formulas nebulae vertebrae vitae PLURAL lice mice

Singular - Plural Nouns That Have Irregular Plural Forms

When finished, try the Nouns That have Irregular Plural Forms Quiz There are some nouns that form the plurals differently. Some nouns change their vowels in the middle of the singular form when forming the plural

one goose

two geese

o o o

foot - feet louse - lice man - men

o o

mouse - mice tooth - teeth woman - women

&
o

Compounds of words man and woman form plurals the same way:
o

mailman - mailmen

Words that contain the syllable "man" such as in the word human form the plural by adding the letter s as with most plurals. Several nouns form the plural by adding the letters en:
o o

child - children ox - oxen

Some words with descriptive adjectives and hyphens form the plural by adding the correct affix to the noun portion of the word.
o o o o o o

father-in-law - fathers-in law mother-in-law - mothers-in-law brother-in-law - brothers-in-law sister-in-law - sisters-in-law attorney-general - attorneys-general secretary-general - secretaries general

There are a number of animals that have the same singular and plural form:
o o

bison - bison deer - deer

o o o

moose - moose sheep - sheep swine - swine

There are also some animal names that form the plural the same as the singular or use the s or es form:
o o o o o o o o o o o o

antelope - antelope or antelopes cod - cod or cods elk - elk or elks fish - fish or fishes flounder - flounder or flounders grouse - grouse or grouses herring - herring or herrings quail - quail or quails reindeer - reindeer or reindeers salmon - salmon or salmons shrimp - shrimp or shrimps trout - trout or trouts