2.

1: Country/Economy Profiles

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Bolivia
Key indicators, 2010

GDP (PPP) per capita (intl $), 19852010

Population (millions).................................................10.0
GDP (US$ billions).....................................................19.4
GDP per capita (US$) .............................................1,858
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.07

Bolivia

12,000

Latin America and the Caribbean

10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

Global Competitiveness Index

Rank
(out of 142)

Stage of development

Score
(17)

GCI 20112012 ...................................................... 103......3.8

Factor
driven

Basic requirements (60.0%)...............................................95........ 4.2

Institutions...........................................................................123........ 3.1
Infrastructure......................................................................104........ 3.1
Macroeconomic environment ...........................................32........ 5.4
Health and primary education.........................................103........ 5.2

120

Transition
12

GCI 20102011 (out of 139)................................................108........ 3.6

GCI 20092010 (out of 133)................................................120........ 3.4

Transition
23

Efficiency
driven

Innovation
driven

Institutions
7

Innovation

Business
sophistication

Efficiency enhancers (35.0%)..........................................125........ 3.2

Higher education and training...........................................95........ 3.7
Goods market efficiency...................................................136........ 3.3
Labor market efficiency....................................................140........ 3.3
Financial market development ........................................122........ 3.3
Technological readiness...................................................125........ 2.7
Market size ...........................................................................84........ 3.2

Infrastructure

Macroeconomic
environment

4
3
2

Market size

Health and
primary
education

Higher education
and training

Technological
readiness

Innovation and sophistication factors (5.0%) ..............107........ 3.1

Business sophistication ...................................................106........ 3.4
Innovation............................................................................106........ 2.8

Financial market
development

Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency

Bolivia

Factor-driven economies

The most problematic factors for doing business

Access to financing.............................................................27.4
Restrictive labor regulations..............................................21.8
Foreign currency regulations ............................................14.4
Inadequate supply of infrastructure.................................10.8
Inefficient government bureaucracy..................................8.1
Policy instability .....................................................................4.8
Corruption................................................................................2.8
Poor work ethic in national labor force.............................2.3
Inadequately educated workforce .....................................1.5
Inflation....................................................................................1.4
Poor public health..................................................................1.4
Tax regulations .......................................................................1.1
Government instability/coups..............................................0.9
Crime and theft.......................................................................0.8
Tax rates ..................................................................................0.8
0

10
15
Percent of responses

20

25

Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum

30

Bolivia
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR

VALUE RANK/142

INDICATOR

1st pillar: Institutions

VALUE RANK/142

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21

Property rights....................................................... 2.7 .......... 136

Intellectual property protection ............................. 2.6 .......... 118
Diversion of public funds ...................................... 2.9 ............83
Public trust of politicians ....................................... 2.7 ............71
Irregular payments and bribes .............................. 2.7 .......... 132
Judicial independence........................................... 3.0 .......... 100
Favoritism in decisions of government officials .... 2.9 ............77
Wastefulness of government spending ................ 3.0 ............86
Burden of government regulation ......................... 3.2 ............ 74
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 2.9 ...........110
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. 2.9 .......... 107
Transparency of government policymaking........... 3.5 .......... 127
Business costs of terrorism .................................. 4.4 .......... 125
Business costs of crime and violence .................. 3.9 ...........111
Organized crime .................................................... 4.0 .......... 122
Reliability of police services.................................. 2.7 .......... 129
Ethical behavior of firms ....................................... 3.4 .......... 102
Strength of auditing and reporting standards ....... 3.6 .......... 127
Efficacy of corporate boards ................................. 3.7 .......... 137
Protection of minority shareholders interests...... 3.2 .......... 132
Strength of investor protection, 010 (best)* ....... 4.0 ...........111

2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

Quality of overall infrastructure ............................. 3.4 .......... 112

Quality of roads..................................................... 3.0 .......... 106
Quality of railroad infrastructure............................ 2.5 ............70
Quality of port infrastructure................................. 3.1 .......... 121
Quality of air transport infrastructure .................... 3.8 .......... 108
Available airline seat kms/week, millions* .......... 68.1 ............90
Quality of electricity supply................................... 4.0 ............89
Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ........................... 8.5 ............99
Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 72.3 .......... 105

3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06

Government budget balance, % GDP*................. 2.0 ............15

Gross national savings, % GDP* ........................ 25.6 ............36
Inflation, annual % change*.................................. 2.5 ..............1
Interest rate spread, %* ....................................... 8.9 .......... 106
General government debt, % GDP* ....................37.4 ............61
Country credit rating, 0100 (best)* ................... 36.5 ............91

4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10

Business impact of malaria ................................... 4.5 ...........110

Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ............................ 788.9 .......... 104
Business impact of tuberculosis ........................... 4.0 .......... 124
Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* .............. 140.0 ............99
Business impact of HIV/AIDS ............................... 3.9 .......... 120
HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................. 0.2 ............55
Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births*........... 39.7 .......... 107
Life expectancy, years*....................................... 66.0 .......... 109
Quality of primary education................................. 2.9 .......... 116
Primary education enrollment, net %* ................91.3 ............85

5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08

Secondary education enrollment, gross %*........81.3 ............89

Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ............ 38.3 ............61
Quality of the educational system ........................ 3.1 .......... 106
Quality of math and science education ................ 3.0 ...........117
Quality of management schools ........................... 3.3 .......... 122
Internet access in schools..................................... 3.2 .......... 113
Availability of research and training services ........ 3.3 ...........111
Extent of staff training .......................................... 3.4 .......... 113

2nd pillar: Infrastructure

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment

4th pillar: Health and primary education

5th pillar: Higher education and training

6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16

Intensity of local competition................................ 3.8 .......... 134

Extent of market dominance................................. 3.3 ............97
Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy................... 3.3 .......... 115
Extent and effect of taxation................................. 3.3 ............87
Total tax rate, % profits*..................................... 80.0 .......... 136
No. procedures to start a business*...................... 15 .......... 134
No. days to start a business* ................................ 50 .......... 123
Agricultural policy costs ........................................ 3.5 .......... 100
Prevalence of trade barriers .................................. 3.6 .......... 131
Trade tariffs, % duty*............................................ 8.7 ............95
Prevalence of foreign ownership........................... 3.5 .......... 128
Business impact of rules on FDI........................... 3.3 .......... 132
Burden of customs procedures ............................ 3.0 .......... 129
Imports as a percentage of GDP* ...................... 32.9 .......... 105
Degree of customer orientation............................ 3.6 .......... 130
Buyer sophistication.............................................. 2.9 .......... 109

7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09

Cooperation in labor-employer relations................ 3.6 .......... 124

Flexibility of wage determination .......................... 4.2 ...........117
Rigidity of employment index, 0100 (worst)* ....77.0 .......... 140
Hiring and firing practices ..................................... 3.5 .......... 100
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .....not possible .......... 139
Pay and productivity .............................................. 3.2 .......... 115
Reliance on professional management ................. 3.2 .......... 134
Brain drain ............................................................. 2.7 .......... 106
Women in labor force, ratio to men*.................. 0.77 ............72

8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08

Availability of financial services............................. 3.7 .......... 113

Affordability of financial services .......................... 3.5 ...........111
Financing through local equity market .................. 3.3 ............84
Ease of access to loans ........................................ 2.9 ............62
Venture capital availability ..................................... 2.9 ............48
Soundness of banks.............................................. 4.4 ...........117
Regulation of securities exchanges....................... 4.0 ............86
Legal rights index, 010 (best)* .............................1.0 .......... 138

9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06

Availability of latest technologies .......................... 3.7 .......... 136

Firm-level technology absorption .......................... 3.6 .......... 139
FDI and technology transfer.................................. 3.6 .......... 133
Internet users/100 pop.*..................................... 20.0 ............96
Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* .........1.0 .......... 100
Internet bandwidth, kb/s/capita*........................... 0.9 ............93

2.1: Country/Economy Profiles

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7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

8th pillar: Financial market development

9th pillar: Technological readiness

10th pillar: Market size

10.01 Domestic market size index, 17 (best)*.............. 3.0 ............89
10.02 Foreign market size index, 17 (best)* ................. 3.8 ............88

11th pillar: Business sophistication

11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09

Local supplier quantity .......................................... 3.8 .......... 135

Local supplier quality............................................. 3.8 .......... 120
State of cluster development................................ 3.3 ............86
Nature of competitive advantage .......................... 3.2 ............87
Value chain breadth ............................................... 3.2 ............94
Control of international distribution....................... 3.7 ............96
Production process sophistication ........................ 3.2 ............93
Extent of marketing............................................... 3.5 .......... 106
Willingness to delegate authority ......................... 3.4 ............92

12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07

Capacity for innovation.......................................... 3.0 ............70

Quality of scientific research institutions .............. 3.0 .......... 108
Company spending on R&D.................................. 3.0 ............78
University-industry collaboration in R&D............... 3.1 .......... 107
Govt procurement of advanced tech products..... 3.2 .......... 107
Availability of scientists and engineers ................. 3.5 .......... 104
Utility patents granted/million pop.* ..................... 0.0 ............90

12th pillar: Innovation

Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.

The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum

121